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基于格网单元的县级土地利用总体规划生态环境影响评价方法与应用
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摘要
土地利用总体规划是在遵循国民经济可持续发展的要求下,根据规划区域的自然、经济和社会条件,协调土地总供给与总需求,确定或调整土地利用结构和用地布局的宏观战略措施。土地利用规划对土地利用结构的调整和布局的优化将会对规划区域生态环境产生一定的影响,这种影响可能会对规划区域的生态环境有积极促进作用,也可能会导致一系列严重的生态问题,从而影响规划区域的社会经济可持续发展。因此,土地利用总体规划的生态环境影响评价对于保护区域生态环境、减少土地利用总体规划对环境的负面影响具有重要的意义。研究和建立适合于土地利用总体规划生态环境影响评价的指标体系、评价模型与方法是当前研究的重点内容之一。
     本文以格网单元为基础,利用PSR模型和生态安全评价方法,通过相关性分析筛选指标,构建评价指标体系。通过GIS空间分析,定量评价县级土地利用总体规划环境影响。
     以张家界市永定区为例,综合评价了规划实施前后区域生态环境的状况。评价结果表明,新一轮的土地利用总体规划后,全区生态环境状况有改善的地区占全区总面积的78.19%,说明新的规划对全区大部分地区的生态环境的有积极影响。其中,生态安全指数处于安全和较安全的区域占全区总面积的60.17%,全区水土流失状况略有好转,加强水土保持工程建设仍是用永定区生态环境保护的首要任务之一。
     分析了评价结果的空间尺度效应,结果表明,随着尺度的减小,大部分区域的生态环境状况指数(89%以上地区)仍处于一般状态,并呈现逐步减少的趋势,而生态环境状况指数分级为优、差两个级别的面积逐渐增加,但对于整个区域而言,评价结果是稳定的。因此可以根据实际评价工作的需要,选择合适的格网大小。
The land use planning is a macro-strategic measure which coordinates the total supply and the aggregate demand of land, determines and adjusts structure and layout of land use according to natural and socio-economic conditions and requirements of national economic development. The implementation of land use planning would have impact on the environment of the planning region. While the positive effect may optimize the regional environment, the negative one may cause serious environmental issues that seriously affected harmonious socio-economic development. Therefore, the assessment of land use planning impact on ecological environment plays a vital role both in protecting the environment and reducing the negative environmental impact of land use planning. Researching evaluation methods and establishing appropriate evaluation systems which are suitable for the assessment of land use planning impact on ecological environment is one of the key points for the study.
     Using PSR model and the ecological security assessment, the assessment indexes were picked out based on grid cell. After screening indexes through correlation analysis, an evaluation system of the land use planning on ecological environment impacts was constructed. Combined with spatial analysis through GIS, the environmental impact of land use planning at county level was quantitative evaluated.
     The proposed the methods are applied in Yongding county, Hunan province. After the analysis of the environment status and the main ecological security problems in Yongding County, which threatened the survival and development of economy and human society, the environment evaluation system of the land resource planning in this area was established. The environmental impacts of land use planning are assessed through comparing the environment status index and ecological security index, which are different before and after the land use planning taking effect. Results indicate that most of the area (about 78.19%) would be benefit from the performing of the new general land use planning. At the same time,60.17% of this area would be in the statues of secure and relative secure, which means a slight improvement in soil and water loss. Enhancing soil and water conservation would still be one of the priorities of the ecological environment protection in Yongding County.
     The results of analyzing the effects of spatial scale are indicated as: with the grid size decreases, the EI of most of the regional (more than 89% of the area) is still in normal state, which showed the trend of gradual reduction; the areas of two levels (excellent and poor) gradually increased. However, the evaluation results for the region as a whole is stable. Therefore, the grid size selecting should meet the actual evaluation needs.
引文
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