人工照明对京津地区候鸟影响研究
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摘要
伴随着中国城市照明的快速发展,以及照明向生态型园林、甚至生态保护区的快速推进,人工光对自然生态环境特别是野生候鸟的生存及迁徙环境带来了不可忽视的影响。京津地区城市照明高度发展,同时该地区也是中国北方主要的候鸟栖息繁殖地、迁徙途径地之一,基于京津地区候鸟种群夜间生境光环境保护的照明研究是该地区建设生态型城市、发展生态照明进程中非常重要的一部分。
本文研究目的旨在寻找能够最大程度降低夜间人工光照对自然界候鸟的负面影响的光照形式、量化光参数阈值,并基于地区候鸟夜间生境保护,提出能够指导工程建设的照明技术指标及控制建议。研究中,以文献检索方式,系统归纳、整理、总结国内外迁徙候鸟照明影响研究成果;以京津地区候鸟分布情况资料检索及生态区现场调研的方法,研究京津地区优势候鸟生境、种群结构特征,提出候鸟夜间光生态问题研究重点;以北京颐和园地区集中分布的珍贵候鸟物种——北京雨燕为研究对象个案,通过现场观测及光照实验的方法,定量化研究不同典型室外照明光源对其影响程度;在实验室环境下,选择文鸟、虎皮鹦鹉作为研究对象个案进行人工光照观测实验,系统化、定量化研究不同视觉刺激下实验鸟类的异常行为动作反应。最终提出基于京津地区候鸟种群夜间光环境保护的生态照明对策及量化控制指标建议。
本文在研究方向及研究方法上都进行了探索及创新:颐和园光生态现场研究中,以晨昏时段北京雨燕出入巢数量观测统计及夜间人工光照干预实验研究结合互补的方法,确定北京雨燕判断昼夜的光刺激照度阈值;以不同光源、光色、光强、照明形式,进行实验室环境下的典型笼鸟光照影响对比观察研究,定性、定量化研究鸟类视觉对不同人工光干扰的反应;通过国内外文献研究借鉴、生态地区现场研究、实验室环境光照影响研究,基于候鸟种群光生态保护,提出量化的照明参数阈值指标体系,提出城市生态照明控制策略。等等。
With the rapid development of China urban lighting and lighting projects in ecological protecting regions, artificial light has engendered an undeniable impact on the natural ecological environment, especially on the survival of wild migratory birds and their migratory environment. Beijing-Tianjin region, with highly development in urban lighting, is also a major breeding habitat for migratory birds and the very migration channels in northern China. Researches about the Photoecology of migratory birds are a very important part of Eco-city and Eco-Lighting development.
The purpose of this study is to take a deep looking into the negative impact of artificial lighting on migratory birds, and research for the threshold value of quantitative optical parameters. Guidance and suggestions of Eco-lighting project are also given. In the study, domestic and international status quo of migratory birds ecology is studied by document retrieval and summing up; distributing and species of migratory birds in Beijing-Tianjin area is studied by information retrieval and field Researches; field experiments and study of Apus apus in the Summer Palace is done to demarcate the threshold value of illuminance which is the confines of the species to distinguish day and night; in a laboratory environment, systematic and quantitative study of the visual stimulation of artificial light which may have different effects to birds are done. At last, indicators and suggestion of night ecological environmental protection in Beijing-Tianjin region is put forward.
In this paper, research direction and research methods have been conducted on exploration and innovation: the Summer Palace field research of Apus apus photoecology take on a double check research both in twilight periods natural environment observing and experiment of artificial lighting on nests of Apus apus; in laboratory studies, experiments are also done with different light sources, light color, light intensity, light form to get a direct result between visual interference and behavior of the birds; by drawing on domestic and foreign researches, eco-regions field research and laboratory lighting impact studies, urban ecological lighting control strategy is proposed in order to make a dark, ecological environment for the migratory bird species in Beijing-Tianjin region.
本文研究目的旨在寻找能够最大程度降低夜间人工光照对自然界候鸟的负面影响的光照形式、量化光参数阈值,并基于地区候鸟夜间生境保护,提出能够指导工程建设的照明技术指标及控制建议。研究中,以文献检索方式,系统归纳、整理、总结国内外迁徙候鸟照明影响研究成果;以京津地区候鸟分布情况资料检索及生态区现场调研的方法,研究京津地区优势候鸟生境、种群结构特征,提出候鸟夜间光生态问题研究重点;以北京颐和园地区集中分布的珍贵候鸟物种——北京雨燕为研究对象个案,通过现场观测及光照实验的方法,定量化研究不同典型室外照明光源对其影响程度;在实验室环境下,选择文鸟、虎皮鹦鹉作为研究对象个案进行人工光照观测实验,系统化、定量化研究不同视觉刺激下实验鸟类的异常行为动作反应。最终提出基于京津地区候鸟种群夜间光环境保护的生态照明对策及量化控制指标建议。
本文在研究方向及研究方法上都进行了探索及创新:颐和园光生态现场研究中,以晨昏时段北京雨燕出入巢数量观测统计及夜间人工光照干预实验研究结合互补的方法,确定北京雨燕判断昼夜的光刺激照度阈值;以不同光源、光色、光强、照明形式,进行实验室环境下的典型笼鸟光照影响对比观察研究,定性、定量化研究鸟类视觉对不同人工光干扰的反应;通过国内外文献研究借鉴、生态地区现场研究、实验室环境光照影响研究,基于候鸟种群光生态保护,提出量化的照明参数阈值指标体系,提出城市生态照明控制策略。等等。
With the rapid development of China urban lighting and lighting projects in ecological protecting regions, artificial light has engendered an undeniable impact on the natural ecological environment, especially on the survival of wild migratory birds and their migratory environment. Beijing-Tianjin region, with highly development in urban lighting, is also a major breeding habitat for migratory birds and the very migration channels in northern China. Researches about the Photoecology of migratory birds are a very important part of Eco-city and Eco-Lighting development.
The purpose of this study is to take a deep looking into the negative impact of artificial lighting on migratory birds, and research for the threshold value of quantitative optical parameters. Guidance and suggestions of Eco-lighting project are also given. In the study, domestic and international status quo of migratory birds ecology is studied by document retrieval and summing up; distributing and species of migratory birds in Beijing-Tianjin area is studied by information retrieval and field Researches; field experiments and study of Apus apus in the Summer Palace is done to demarcate the threshold value of illuminance which is the confines of the species to distinguish day and night; in a laboratory environment, systematic and quantitative study of the visual stimulation of artificial light which may have different effects to birds are done. At last, indicators and suggestion of night ecological environmental protection in Beijing-Tianjin region is put forward.
In this paper, research direction and research methods have been conducted on exploration and innovation: the Summer Palace field research of Apus apus photoecology take on a double check research both in twilight periods natural environment observing and experiment of artificial lighting on nests of Apus apus; in laboratory studies, experiments are also done with different light sources, light color, light intensity, light form to get a direct result between visual interference and behavior of the birds; by drawing on domestic and foreign researches, eco-regions field research and laboratory lighting impact studies, urban ecological lighting control strategy is proposed in order to make a dark, ecological environment for the migratory bird species in Beijing-Tianjin region.
引文
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