基于CPN的面向任务指挥控制组织建模、仿真及优化方法研究
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摘要
信息化条件下的联合作战对指挥控制组织提出了更高的要求,而现有的指挥控制体制是工业时代的产物。我军虽然在信息化建设中取得了一定的成果,但指挥控制组织的设置、运行上仍然还缺乏灵活性,无法适应复杂多变的信息化条件下的联合作战需求。目前针对这一问题已经提出了许多的指挥控制组织设计方法,而这些方法各有特点,也存在不足。如何迅速高效的分析评价所设计的指挥控制组织方案与使命环境之间的匹配程度并从中择优应用,是一个需要解决的问题。此外,当前的各种设计方法大都基于静态的使命环境进行设计,在动态变化的环境下具有很大的脆性,研究指挥控制组织在动态环境中的应对策略也是一个重要课题。
针对指挥控制组织研究中的上述问题,本文提出面向任务指挥控制组织(TaskOriented Command and Control Organization,TOC2O)的概念,研究基于CPN建立TOC2O仿真模型的方法,分别从无使命环境、静态使命环境、动态使命环境三个角度对TOC2O进行建模,结合具体案例进行仿真分析TOC2O方案与使命环境之间的匹配关系,为TOC2O的设计方法、方案比较提供支持,研究动态使命环境下TOC2O的鲁棒性和适应性优化模型和算法,通过案例对算法进行验证。
本文的主要工作和创新之处体现在以下几个方面:
(1)提出了TOC2O的概念体系和仿真建模框架
提出了TOC2O的概念,将TOC2O看成由使命任务、指挥控制资源和决策者三类实体构成的系统。分析了TOC2O的构建过程,对比了它与虚拟企业之间的异同点。通过分析使命任务、指挥控制资源和决策者之间的交互关系,建立了多层次的描述模型。结合面向对象思想和Petri网建模方法,采用UML的类图、顺序图和状态图建模,建立了TOC2O的仿真框架。
(2)基于信息处理的观点研究了无使命环境条件下TOC2O结构性能
在没有具体的使命环境条件下,TOC2O的组织结构成为主要的研究对象。依据计算数学组织理论思想中信息处理的观点,论文应用指挥控制组织中信息传递速度和质量这两个指标来分析指挥控制组织自身的尺度参数和性能指标。定义了指挥控制组织的时间延迟,应用已经建立的TOC2O模型,研究了基于网络信息熵的时间延迟模型;建立指挥控制组织结构的仿真模型,对比分析了不同指挥控制组织结构中的信息失真。
(3)研究了建立无结构变化的TOC2O的CPN仿真模型方法,并研究了TOC2O与使命环境之间的匹配关系
基于UML模型的仿真建模框架,研究了TOC2O的CPN仿真模型的构建方法。在CPN中引入模型变量,将TOC2O的各种设计参数以托肯的形式描述:引入控制变量,描述各种复杂的TOC2O的操作,保证了TOC2O的CPN仿真模型结构不会随着TOC2O的变化而发生变化,实现仿真模型的稳定性和建模过程的高效性。论文用具体案例建立了静态使命环境下不同方法获得的多个TOC2O方案的CPN仿真模型,通过仿真运行,从仿真时间、决策者负载、通信量与协调量等性能匹配参数对比分析了这些方案,实现了TOC2O与使命环境之间的匹配关系的度量。
(4)建立了动态使命环境下TOC2O的鲁棒性、适应性优化模型,提出了相应的求解算法
动态使命环境下,使命参数具有不确定性,使命环境动态变化的情况下TOC2O的CPN模型的仿真结果说明了进行优化设计的必要性。将使命任务动态变化的序列看成是一个个概率事件,建立鲁棒性优化数学模型,使TOC2O以较大的概率满足使命的需求。提出了求解鲁棒性优化模型的分组遗传算法。分析了动态使命环境下TOC2O的性能代价和结构变形代价,提出了适应性优化的目标是最小化性能代价和结构变形代价的加权和。研究了采用CPN仿真与动态窗口蚁群优化算法相结合的两阶段方法进行适应性优化设计的过程。案例对比分析验证了鲁棒性优化、适应性优化算法的准确性和效率。
Joint operation under information era requires more effective command and control organization.Nowadays,the system of Command and Control(C2) is the outcome of industry age.The main character of the C2 organization is short of agility,which makes the C2 organization can not meet the requirement of joint operation under information era.There have been many methods of designing C2 organization to solve the problem, and these methods have themselves characters and shortcomings.Therefore,it is an important and valuable problem that quickly evaluating the matching degree between C2 organization and its mission environment and then choosing the best one for application.Furthermore,most of the current methods design C2 organization based on static mission environment,which is very brittleness under dynamic mission environment.Then it is a new issue that studying the optimization of C2 organization under dynamic mission environment.
For settling the above problems,the thesis presents the concept of Task Oriented Command and Control Organization(TOC20).The thesis studies the methods of modeling TOC2O based on Colored Petri Net(CPN) from 3 views,i.e.no mission environment,static mission environment and dynamic mission environment,and then analyzes the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment by running the simulation model which can support the optimization of design methods and contrast among different TOC2Os.Finally,the thesis studies the processes and algorithms of robust and adaptive optimization of TOC2O and validates the algorithms by cases.
The primary work and contributions of the thesis are as follows:
(1) Presenting the concept of TOC2O and building the framework of modeling TOC2O.
The thesis presents the concept of TOC2O,which is composed by mission task, command and control resource,and decision maker;analyzes the construction process of TOC2O and contrasts the similarities and differences between TOC2O and virtual organization;building the multi-level description model after analyzing the relationship among mission task,C2 resource and decision maker;setting up the simulation framework of TOC2O based on the method of combining the object oriented theory and the Petri net theory;establishing the UML model of TOC2O and analyzing the relationship of the 3 kinds of object by state chart.
(2) Researching the capability of TOC2O structure under no mission environment based on information process view.
The structure of TOC2O is the main research object under no mission environment. Based on the information process view of Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory(CMOT),the thesis studies the speed and quality of information transferring,which are used for analyzing the design parameter and capability of C2 organization.The thesis defines the concept of delay of C2 organization,and then studies the model of delay by Shannon entropy of network.Besides,the thesis studies the issue of information distortion in C2 organization,builds the simulation model of the C2 organization structure,and contrasts 8 kinds of typical C2 organization structures.
(3) Studying the method of setting up the CPN model of TOC2O with steady model structure,and investigating the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment by simulation.
The thesis studies the method of building the CPN model of TOC2O based on the simulation framework of UML.During the period of modeling,the thesis introduces the concept of model variable in CPN,which can describe all kinds of parameters of TOC2O by initial tokens;at the same time,the thesis introduces the concept of control variable which can describe many complex operation of TOC2O.These two kinds of elements can guarantee that the CPN model of TOC2O have steady structure under dynamic mission environment or even for different TOC2O structures,which can improve the speed and efficiency of modeling.After set up the CPN model of TOC2O, the thesis defines the performance parameters which descript the matching degree between TOC2O and its mission environment.By running the CPN model,the thesis contrasts 4 kinds of TOC2O design methods under static and dynamic mission environment.The result shows that the CPN model of TOC2O can measure the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment.
(4) Establishing the model of robust and adaptive optimization of TOC2O under dynamic mission environment and putting forward the corresponding algorithms.
The parameter of mission environment is uncertainty under dynamic mission environment.The simulation result of TOC2O's CPN model shows that it is necessary to optimize the TOC2O under dynamic mission environment.In the mathematics model of robust optimization of TOC2O,each mission of dynamic mission environment is looked as a probability affair,and the optimization goal is meeting the requirement of mission with high probability.The thesis studies the group genetic algorithm for solving the model.On the other hand,the thesis studies the adaptive optimization of TOC2O.At first the thesis analyzes the cost of performance and the cost of reconfiguration under dynamic mission environment.Then the thesis researches the model of adaptive optimization whose goal is minimizing the power sum of performance cost and reconfiguration cost.And the Dynamic-Window-Search Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm(DWSACO) is put forward to resolve the model of adaptive optimization. Finally,the thesis validates the correctness and effectiveness of the two algorithms by cases.
针对指挥控制组织研究中的上述问题,本文提出面向任务指挥控制组织(TaskOriented Command and Control Organization,TOC2O)的概念,研究基于CPN建立TOC2O仿真模型的方法,分别从无使命环境、静态使命环境、动态使命环境三个角度对TOC2O进行建模,结合具体案例进行仿真分析TOC2O方案与使命环境之间的匹配关系,为TOC2O的设计方法、方案比较提供支持,研究动态使命环境下TOC2O的鲁棒性和适应性优化模型和算法,通过案例对算法进行验证。
本文的主要工作和创新之处体现在以下几个方面:
(1)提出了TOC2O的概念体系和仿真建模框架
提出了TOC2O的概念,将TOC2O看成由使命任务、指挥控制资源和决策者三类实体构成的系统。分析了TOC2O的构建过程,对比了它与虚拟企业之间的异同点。通过分析使命任务、指挥控制资源和决策者之间的交互关系,建立了多层次的描述模型。结合面向对象思想和Petri网建模方法,采用UML的类图、顺序图和状态图建模,建立了TOC2O的仿真框架。
(2)基于信息处理的观点研究了无使命环境条件下TOC2O结构性能
在没有具体的使命环境条件下,TOC2O的组织结构成为主要的研究对象。依据计算数学组织理论思想中信息处理的观点,论文应用指挥控制组织中信息传递速度和质量这两个指标来分析指挥控制组织自身的尺度参数和性能指标。定义了指挥控制组织的时间延迟,应用已经建立的TOC2O模型,研究了基于网络信息熵的时间延迟模型;建立指挥控制组织结构的仿真模型,对比分析了不同指挥控制组织结构中的信息失真。
(3)研究了建立无结构变化的TOC2O的CPN仿真模型方法,并研究了TOC2O与使命环境之间的匹配关系
基于UML模型的仿真建模框架,研究了TOC2O的CPN仿真模型的构建方法。在CPN中引入模型变量,将TOC2O的各种设计参数以托肯的形式描述:引入控制变量,描述各种复杂的TOC2O的操作,保证了TOC2O的CPN仿真模型结构不会随着TOC2O的变化而发生变化,实现仿真模型的稳定性和建模过程的高效性。论文用具体案例建立了静态使命环境下不同方法获得的多个TOC2O方案的CPN仿真模型,通过仿真运行,从仿真时间、决策者负载、通信量与协调量等性能匹配参数对比分析了这些方案,实现了TOC2O与使命环境之间的匹配关系的度量。
(4)建立了动态使命环境下TOC2O的鲁棒性、适应性优化模型,提出了相应的求解算法
动态使命环境下,使命参数具有不确定性,使命环境动态变化的情况下TOC2O的CPN模型的仿真结果说明了进行优化设计的必要性。将使命任务动态变化的序列看成是一个个概率事件,建立鲁棒性优化数学模型,使TOC2O以较大的概率满足使命的需求。提出了求解鲁棒性优化模型的分组遗传算法。分析了动态使命环境下TOC2O的性能代价和结构变形代价,提出了适应性优化的目标是最小化性能代价和结构变形代价的加权和。研究了采用CPN仿真与动态窗口蚁群优化算法相结合的两阶段方法进行适应性优化设计的过程。案例对比分析验证了鲁棒性优化、适应性优化算法的准确性和效率。
Joint operation under information era requires more effective command and control organization.Nowadays,the system of Command and Control(C2) is the outcome of industry age.The main character of the C2 organization is short of agility,which makes the C2 organization can not meet the requirement of joint operation under information era.There have been many methods of designing C2 organization to solve the problem, and these methods have themselves characters and shortcomings.Therefore,it is an important and valuable problem that quickly evaluating the matching degree between C2 organization and its mission environment and then choosing the best one for application.Furthermore,most of the current methods design C2 organization based on static mission environment,which is very brittleness under dynamic mission environment.Then it is a new issue that studying the optimization of C2 organization under dynamic mission environment.
For settling the above problems,the thesis presents the concept of Task Oriented Command and Control Organization(TOC20).The thesis studies the methods of modeling TOC2O based on Colored Petri Net(CPN) from 3 views,i.e.no mission environment,static mission environment and dynamic mission environment,and then analyzes the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment by running the simulation model which can support the optimization of design methods and contrast among different TOC2Os.Finally,the thesis studies the processes and algorithms of robust and adaptive optimization of TOC2O and validates the algorithms by cases.
The primary work and contributions of the thesis are as follows:
(1) Presenting the concept of TOC2O and building the framework of modeling TOC2O.
The thesis presents the concept of TOC2O,which is composed by mission task, command and control resource,and decision maker;analyzes the construction process of TOC2O and contrasts the similarities and differences between TOC2O and virtual organization;building the multi-level description model after analyzing the relationship among mission task,C2 resource and decision maker;setting up the simulation framework of TOC2O based on the method of combining the object oriented theory and the Petri net theory;establishing the UML model of TOC2O and analyzing the relationship of the 3 kinds of object by state chart.
(2) Researching the capability of TOC2O structure under no mission environment based on information process view.
The structure of TOC2O is the main research object under no mission environment. Based on the information process view of Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory(CMOT),the thesis studies the speed and quality of information transferring,which are used for analyzing the design parameter and capability of C2 organization.The thesis defines the concept of delay of C2 organization,and then studies the model of delay by Shannon entropy of network.Besides,the thesis studies the issue of information distortion in C2 organization,builds the simulation model of the C2 organization structure,and contrasts 8 kinds of typical C2 organization structures.
(3) Studying the method of setting up the CPN model of TOC2O with steady model structure,and investigating the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment by simulation.
The thesis studies the method of building the CPN model of TOC2O based on the simulation framework of UML.During the period of modeling,the thesis introduces the concept of model variable in CPN,which can describe all kinds of parameters of TOC2O by initial tokens;at the same time,the thesis introduces the concept of control variable which can describe many complex operation of TOC2O.These two kinds of elements can guarantee that the CPN model of TOC2O have steady structure under dynamic mission environment or even for different TOC2O structures,which can improve the speed and efficiency of modeling.After set up the CPN model of TOC2O, the thesis defines the performance parameters which descript the matching degree between TOC2O and its mission environment.By running the CPN model,the thesis contrasts 4 kinds of TOC2O design methods under static and dynamic mission environment.The result shows that the CPN model of TOC2O can measure the matching relationship between TOC2O and its mission environment.
(4) Establishing the model of robust and adaptive optimization of TOC2O under dynamic mission environment and putting forward the corresponding algorithms.
The parameter of mission environment is uncertainty under dynamic mission environment.The simulation result of TOC2O's CPN model shows that it is necessary to optimize the TOC2O under dynamic mission environment.In the mathematics model of robust optimization of TOC2O,each mission of dynamic mission environment is looked as a probability affair,and the optimization goal is meeting the requirement of mission with high probability.The thesis studies the group genetic algorithm for solving the model.On the other hand,the thesis studies the adaptive optimization of TOC2O.At first the thesis analyzes the cost of performance and the cost of reconfiguration under dynamic mission environment.Then the thesis researches the model of adaptive optimization whose goal is minimizing the power sum of performance cost and reconfiguration cost.And the Dynamic-Window-Search Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm(DWSACO) is put forward to resolve the model of adaptive optimization. Finally,the thesis validates the correctness and effectiveness of the two algorithms by cases.
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