宁玛派隆钦饶绛巴研究
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摘要
首先针对与本论文相关国内外研究动态作深入调查研究,其中包括欧美学者的研究成果,所发表论文著作,藏传佛教以至隆钦巴哲学思想对他们的影响。调查发现覆盖面除了一些偏远的非洲国家外,基本上涵盖整个世界。
1247年萨迦班智达贡噶坚赞((?),1182—1251年)在凉洲与阔端举行历史性会面,铺设元室授以政教大权合于一身的道路。忽必烈执政年间,更授以萨迦八思巴国师尊衔。然而,表面上是一派独大,但为保障政治上的稳定,元室亦与其它宗派保持一定的联系。所以宁玛派大德亦曾多次被邀进京,只是保持一贯底调的作风。史料上的相关记载不多,有的亦强调世间福报的一面,令人误解这就是宁玛派甚至整个藏传佛教的主导思想教法。从研究元室与宁玛派的几位大德如拔希·释迦光、尼玛森格、雍顿巴·多杰贝、素尔·生宝贝、攘回多杰等的交往,厘清正统佛教除了世间法外,还有至关重要出世间的一面。例如雍顿巴·多杰贝在佛学上的供献往往被他与元朝皇室关系所遮蔽。以这段历史作引子,为下来考究本论文主角隆钦饶绛巴((?),(以下简称：隆钦巴))铺路。
隆钦巴生活于元末年代,藏族同胞尊崇隆钦巴为‘第二佛’,与萨迦派班智达,格鲁派宗喀巴奉为文殊三大化身。从多本有关的中外传记全面而有系统的深讨隆钦巴的生平,在不丹的事迹,及往后回藏的弘法事业至寂灭。隆钦巴由1350至1360年前后在不丹居住,对当地宗教及民生有很大正面影响。从六世达赖喇嘛以至现今不丹皇室亦与他牵上关系。从他的儿子达华笈柏的第五世转世哈隆心子·冠生觉美措竹贝班(1725—1762年)所著的隆钦巴传记《大伏藏法王无垢光传记·奇妙恩典》中记载隆钦巴在不丹建有8所着名寺庙。从隆钦巴其中一位重要转世,吉美宁巴((?),1729-1792年)的“修法录”透过另一角度更深入了解隆钦巴。
从世间层面交待隆钦巴的生平后,进而研究他的出世间思想。从宁玛派教义入手,研究宁玛派自宗独特的系统-九乘判教。深究宁玛派经典不包括在西藏大藏经的原因,布顿大师对旧译续典的观点及宗喀巴大师对大圆满看法。由于收入《宁玛派续部全集》经典经过藏传佛教动荡的八至十世纪,所以这全集对此期间佛教的传播及哲学思维有重要的价值。探索这一部活的《宁玛续部全集》流传历史,对现存各版本作一回顾。
研究调查隆钦巴论著及国内外学者的译本状况。从隆钦巴论著一章,可以体会他著作涵盖之深广,而他的著述随各类所宣说法义而署名。但相信在他传世二百多部作品中,有些并非出自他手笔。并节录隆钦巴一些著作,探讨隆钦巴思想及作品的特色,其中包括有入佛之门的《三十忠告论》、愤世嫉俗的《赠康巴人·嘎喀三十-》、在不丹时所写的《菩唐圣地记·花园》、宁玛派的道次第《三休息论》等。
通过隆钦巴的著作来研究他的生平、思想、佛教的供献及西方哲学的影响。在20世纪的上半部西方学术界对传统的哲学理论发生基本性的震动,而随之而来机缘巧合藏传佛教流播到世界各地,尤其是宁玛派大师隆钦巴的学说被广泛翻译研究。对西方学者添上了新的一线曙光,再加上西方新兴学说如海德格尔的《存在与时间》中对存在论与现象学的见解、量子物理学学说的出现,许多中西方学者争相把隆钦巴与他们学说比较研究,形成中西方哲学思想上交流的多姿多彩局面。从回顾国外学者对隆钦巴的翻译著作的尖锐的讨论,并透过近代学者将西方哲学与隆钦巴的学说比较,研究其中义理及对西方学说的影响。其中包括有存在论与二谛论、宇宙论与《如意宝藏论》、创造力及认知论与《实相宝藏论》中的四金刚句,四维时间与《心性休息》、《三自解脱》、《秘密藏续》等。
This dissertation sets off by composing a worldwide status review survey with focus on the achievement by the western and local scholars, their publications relating to Tibetology in general and Longchenpa in particular. Surprisingly, the survey reveals that studies have been undertaken throughout the world, even as far as South America.
In 1247, the historic meeting between Godan Khan and Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen took place at Liangzhou. This venture not only helped cement the firm relationship with the Mongolian and later on the Yuan royal family, but also acquired for Sakya leading roles in Tibet in both politics and religion. In Kublai Khan's time, Phagpa was named the Imperial Preceptor of Tibet. It gave the impression that Sakya dominated the political arena. However, in order to safeguard political stability, the Yuan royal court also maintained a certain connection with other sects, such as Kagyu and Nyingma. As such, Nyingmapa had been invited to Beijing many times, but with a position then in a very low profile. Hence, little relevant historical records are available. Even if they did exist, they highlighted the mundane aspects of the world which was misleading as to the doctrine of Nyingma sect, or even the whole revelation of Tibetan Buddhism.
From reviewing the association with the Yuan royal court and Nyingma, it appears that in fact there were many Nyingma scholars, such as Pakshi Sakya O, Nyima Senge, Yungton Pa Dorjepel, Zur Zangpopel, and Rangjung Dorje who had established some connections to the Yuan royal court.
It is evident that apart from the mundane aspects, orthodox Buddhism also has the other side, leading to liberation. For example, Yungton Pa Dorjepel's contribution to Buddhism is often over-shadowed by his relationship with the Yuan royal court. This episode of the history serves as a primer to the detailed study of the protagonist of this dissertation-Longchenpa.
Longchenpa lived toward the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The Tibetan people respected him as the'Second Buddha', and together with Sakya Pandita, and Tsongkhapa of Gelug Sect, as the three major reincarnations of Manjusri.
One of the main themes of this dissertation is to review his multiple biographies to unfold the life of Longchenpa, the time he spent, his influence on local history in Bhutan, and his return to Tibet until passed away. Longchenpa lived in Bhutan around 1350 to 1360. His visit had great influence on local religion and people's livelihood. Amazingly, there were connections between Longchenpa and the 6th Dalai Lama and the Royal Bhutan family. His son, Dawa Coper's fifth reincarnation, the Fifth thugs sras sprul sku of lha lung kun bzan 'gyur med mchog grub dpal 'bar 'phrin las rgyua dge legs dpal bzan po's (1725-1762) wrote a Longchenpa biography(Biograph of Longchenpa-Amazing Grace) he recorded that Longchenpa built eight monasteries in Bhutan. The study of another one of his reincarnations-Jikme Lingpa's Record of Teachings Received ((?)), featured Longchenpa in a different perspective.
After reviewing the mundane aspects of Longchenpa's life, we then discuss his Buddhist philosophical thoughts, with initial approach recapitulating the peculiar system of Nyingma-Nine Vehicles.
The reason behind why Nyingma literatures were not included in the Tibetan Canon, coupled with the famous Buston's point of view on the Ancient Literature, and Tsongkhapa's view on the Great Perfection, are ruminated. It is because the Nyingma literatures collected in the rnyingma ma'i rgyud 'bum spanned the period between the turmoil during the 8th to 10th centuries. Hence the studying of this rgyud 'bum is a very unique and useful means to apprehend the doctrine and its spread of Buddhist philosophical thoughts in that period. The historical background and the different extant versions of this live rgyud 'bum are studied critically.
By catching a glimpse of Longchenpa's voluminous oeuvre it can be seen that they cover a wide spectrum, and the signatures are varied in accordance with the contexts and the nature of the texts. It is believed, however, that not all the two hundreds extant texts were written by him. The translations status of his writings is reviewed. We not only examine his Buddhist philosophical thoughts, but also extract some of his writings and features, which included, Thirty Heart-felt Advices, To Khampa-Thirty Alphabetical Poem, Eulogy to Bumthang Holy Garden, The Four-Themed Precious Garland, Three Cycles on Relaxation, Three Cycles for Natural Liberation, Seven Great Treasures, The Full-Fledged Khyung-chen Bird for discussion.
The aims of studying Longchenpa's writings are to securitize his life, Buddhist philosophical thoughts, contribution to Buddhism and the influence on western Philosophy. In the first half of the 20th century, the tradition of western philosophical approach was experiencing fundamental challenge. It was coincidentally when the Tibetan Buddhism was widely promulgated to the world, coupled with the voluminous translation of Longchenpa's writings, which threw new light to western philosophical study. The impact is further reverberated by the Heidegger's Being and Time, the concept of quantum physics etc, which attracted many scholars eagerly to assemble comparative studies between the eastern and western philosophical thoughts, and hence established a very wide and vivid platform. The further analysis of these comparative studies is through the altercation on the quality of the translations on Longchenpa's writings, and annexed are the review of the comparative studies compiled thus far. These involve Heidegger's Ontological Difference and Mahayana Two Truths theory, Buddhist Cosmology vs The Wish Fulfilling Treasure; Creativity and Cognition vs The Way of Abiding; Four-Dimensional Time in Dzogchen and Heidegger in comparison with Three Cycles on Relaxation; Three Cycles for Natural Liberation; Tantra of the Secret Nucleus.
1247年萨迦班智达贡噶坚赞((?),1182—1251年)在凉洲与阔端举行历史性会面,铺设元室授以政教大权合于一身的道路。忽必烈执政年间,更授以萨迦八思巴国师尊衔。然而,表面上是一派独大,但为保障政治上的稳定,元室亦与其它宗派保持一定的联系。所以宁玛派大德亦曾多次被邀进京,只是保持一贯底调的作风。史料上的相关记载不多,有的亦强调世间福报的一面,令人误解这就是宁玛派甚至整个藏传佛教的主导思想教法。从研究元室与宁玛派的几位大德如拔希·释迦光、尼玛森格、雍顿巴·多杰贝、素尔·生宝贝、攘回多杰等的交往,厘清正统佛教除了世间法外,还有至关重要出世间的一面。例如雍顿巴·多杰贝在佛学上的供献往往被他与元朝皇室关系所遮蔽。以这段历史作引子,为下来考究本论文主角隆钦饶绛巴((?),(以下简称：隆钦巴))铺路。
隆钦巴生活于元末年代,藏族同胞尊崇隆钦巴为‘第二佛’,与萨迦派班智达,格鲁派宗喀巴奉为文殊三大化身。从多本有关的中外传记全面而有系统的深讨隆钦巴的生平,在不丹的事迹,及往后回藏的弘法事业至寂灭。隆钦巴由1350至1360年前后在不丹居住,对当地宗教及民生有很大正面影响。从六世达赖喇嘛以至现今不丹皇室亦与他牵上关系。从他的儿子达华笈柏的第五世转世哈隆心子·冠生觉美措竹贝班(1725—1762年)所著的隆钦巴传记《大伏藏法王无垢光传记·奇妙恩典》中记载隆钦巴在不丹建有8所着名寺庙。从隆钦巴其中一位重要转世,吉美宁巴((?),1729-1792年)的“修法录”透过另一角度更深入了解隆钦巴。
从世间层面交待隆钦巴的生平后,进而研究他的出世间思想。从宁玛派教义入手,研究宁玛派自宗独特的系统-九乘判教。深究宁玛派经典不包括在西藏大藏经的原因,布顿大师对旧译续典的观点及宗喀巴大师对大圆满看法。由于收入《宁玛派续部全集》经典经过藏传佛教动荡的八至十世纪,所以这全集对此期间佛教的传播及哲学思维有重要的价值。探索这一部活的《宁玛续部全集》流传历史,对现存各版本作一回顾。
研究调查隆钦巴论著及国内外学者的译本状况。从隆钦巴论著一章,可以体会他著作涵盖之深广,而他的著述随各类所宣说法义而署名。但相信在他传世二百多部作品中,有些并非出自他手笔。并节录隆钦巴一些著作,探讨隆钦巴思想及作品的特色,其中包括有入佛之门的《三十忠告论》、愤世嫉俗的《赠康巴人·嘎喀三十-》、在不丹时所写的《菩唐圣地记·花园》、宁玛派的道次第《三休息论》等。
通过隆钦巴的著作来研究他的生平、思想、佛教的供献及西方哲学的影响。在20世纪的上半部西方学术界对传统的哲学理论发生基本性的震动,而随之而来机缘巧合藏传佛教流播到世界各地,尤其是宁玛派大师隆钦巴的学说被广泛翻译研究。对西方学者添上了新的一线曙光,再加上西方新兴学说如海德格尔的《存在与时间》中对存在论与现象学的见解、量子物理学学说的出现,许多中西方学者争相把隆钦巴与他们学说比较研究,形成中西方哲学思想上交流的多姿多彩局面。从回顾国外学者对隆钦巴的翻译著作的尖锐的讨论,并透过近代学者将西方哲学与隆钦巴的学说比较,研究其中义理及对西方学说的影响。其中包括有存在论与二谛论、宇宙论与《如意宝藏论》、创造力及认知论与《实相宝藏论》中的四金刚句,四维时间与《心性休息》、《三自解脱》、《秘密藏续》等。
This dissertation sets off by composing a worldwide status review survey with focus on the achievement by the western and local scholars, their publications relating to Tibetology in general and Longchenpa in particular. Surprisingly, the survey reveals that studies have been undertaken throughout the world, even as far as South America.
In 1247, the historic meeting between Godan Khan and Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen took place at Liangzhou. This venture not only helped cement the firm relationship with the Mongolian and later on the Yuan royal family, but also acquired for Sakya leading roles in Tibet in both politics and religion. In Kublai Khan's time, Phagpa was named the Imperial Preceptor of Tibet. It gave the impression that Sakya dominated the political arena. However, in order to safeguard political stability, the Yuan royal court also maintained a certain connection with other sects, such as Kagyu and Nyingma. As such, Nyingmapa had been invited to Beijing many times, but with a position then in a very low profile. Hence, little relevant historical records are available. Even if they did exist, they highlighted the mundane aspects of the world which was misleading as to the doctrine of Nyingma sect, or even the whole revelation of Tibetan Buddhism.
From reviewing the association with the Yuan royal court and Nyingma, it appears that in fact there were many Nyingma scholars, such as Pakshi Sakya O, Nyima Senge, Yungton Pa Dorjepel, Zur Zangpopel, and Rangjung Dorje who had established some connections to the Yuan royal court.
It is evident that apart from the mundane aspects, orthodox Buddhism also has the other side, leading to liberation. For example, Yungton Pa Dorjepel's contribution to Buddhism is often over-shadowed by his relationship with the Yuan royal court. This episode of the history serves as a primer to the detailed study of the protagonist of this dissertation-Longchenpa.
Longchenpa lived toward the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The Tibetan people respected him as the'Second Buddha', and together with Sakya Pandita, and Tsongkhapa of Gelug Sect, as the three major reincarnations of Manjusri.
One of the main themes of this dissertation is to review his multiple biographies to unfold the life of Longchenpa, the time he spent, his influence on local history in Bhutan, and his return to Tibet until passed away. Longchenpa lived in Bhutan around 1350 to 1360. His visit had great influence on local religion and people's livelihood. Amazingly, there were connections between Longchenpa and the 6th Dalai Lama and the Royal Bhutan family. His son, Dawa Coper's fifth reincarnation, the Fifth thugs sras sprul sku of lha lung kun bzan 'gyur med mchog grub dpal 'bar 'phrin las rgyua dge legs dpal bzan po's (1725-1762) wrote a Longchenpa biography(Biograph of Longchenpa-Amazing Grace) he recorded that Longchenpa built eight monasteries in Bhutan. The study of another one of his reincarnations-Jikme Lingpa's Record of Teachings Received ((?)), featured Longchenpa in a different perspective.
After reviewing the mundane aspects of Longchenpa's life, we then discuss his Buddhist philosophical thoughts, with initial approach recapitulating the peculiar system of Nyingma-Nine Vehicles.
The reason behind why Nyingma literatures were not included in the Tibetan Canon, coupled with the famous Buston's point of view on the Ancient Literature, and Tsongkhapa's view on the Great Perfection, are ruminated. It is because the Nyingma literatures collected in the rnyingma ma'i rgyud 'bum spanned the period between the turmoil during the 8th to 10th centuries. Hence the studying of this rgyud 'bum is a very unique and useful means to apprehend the doctrine and its spread of Buddhist philosophical thoughts in that period. The historical background and the different extant versions of this live rgyud 'bum are studied critically.
By catching a glimpse of Longchenpa's voluminous oeuvre it can be seen that they cover a wide spectrum, and the signatures are varied in accordance with the contexts and the nature of the texts. It is believed, however, that not all the two hundreds extant texts were written by him. The translations status of his writings is reviewed. We not only examine his Buddhist philosophical thoughts, but also extract some of his writings and features, which included, Thirty Heart-felt Advices, To Khampa-Thirty Alphabetical Poem, Eulogy to Bumthang Holy Garden, The Four-Themed Precious Garland, Three Cycles on Relaxation, Three Cycles for Natural Liberation, Seven Great Treasures, The Full-Fledged Khyung-chen Bird for discussion.
The aims of studying Longchenpa's writings are to securitize his life, Buddhist philosophical thoughts, contribution to Buddhism and the influence on western Philosophy. In the first half of the 20th century, the tradition of western philosophical approach was experiencing fundamental challenge. It was coincidentally when the Tibetan Buddhism was widely promulgated to the world, coupled with the voluminous translation of Longchenpa's writings, which threw new light to western philosophical study. The impact is further reverberated by the Heidegger's Being and Time, the concept of quantum physics etc, which attracted many scholars eagerly to assemble comparative studies between the eastern and western philosophical thoughts, and hence established a very wide and vivid platform. The further analysis of these comparative studies is through the altercation on the quality of the translations on Longchenpa's writings, and annexed are the review of the comparative studies compiled thus far. These involve Heidegger's Ontological Difference and Mahayana Two Truths theory, Buddhist Cosmology vs The Wish Fulfilling Treasure; Creativity and Cognition vs The Way of Abiding; Four-Dimensional Time in Dzogchen and Heidegger in comparison with Three Cycles on Relaxation; Three Cycles for Natural Liberation; Tantra of the Secret Nucleus.
引文
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3 Stein, Rolf Alfred, Trans. J. E. Stapleton Driver, Tibetan civilization. English, London:Faber,1972.
4 南京大学元史研究室编, 《韩儒林文集》,江苏古籍出版社,1986。
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7 陈庆英, (藏学学术著作的精品),载《甘肃日报》2001年8月9 日,第008版。
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9 山口瑞凤著,许明银译, 《西藏》,上下两册,台湾：全佛,2003。
10 山口瑞凤著, 《西藏》,下册,页491。
11 《支那佛教史》第6卷第2号,东京：弘文堂书房,1942,第1至11页。
12 羽田博士还历记念会编, 《羽田博士颂寿纪念东洋史论集》,京都市：东洋史研究会,1950,第779至795页。
13 佐藤长《中世西藏史研究》,京都：同朋舍,1986。
14 Pema Tesring, RNIN MA PA LAMAS AM YUAN-KAISERHOF, Proceedings of the Csoma de Koros Memorial Symposium, edited by Louis Ligeti. Budapest:Akademiai Kiado,1978,pp.511-540.(德文)
15 白马茨仁著,汉江译(元朝宫廷中的西藏红教喇嘛>,载《国外藏学动态》,1990。
16 蒲文成著, (元代的藏传佛教宁玛派),载《青海民族学院学报》,第34卷第1期,2008年1月,页13至20。
17 王森, 《西藏佛教史略》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2002。
18 东噶.洛桑赤列, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社。2002,页1877。
19 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ& Ⅱ. Trans. by Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein, Boston:Wisdom Publications,1991, vol 1, pp.663-667.
20 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. pp.575-596.
21 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989, pp.145-188, and Tulku Thondup, Masters of Meditation and Miracles:The Longchen Nyingthig Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, edited by Harold Talbott, Shambhala 1996, pp.109-117.
23 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989.
24 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. Trans. Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein.
25 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, The Full-Fledged Khyung-chen Bird, Trans. Guenther, Herbert V, Studia Philologica Buddhica Occasional Paper series, Tokyo:The International Institute for Buddhist Studies.1996.
28 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, Kindly Bent to Ease Us-3 vols. Trans. by Guenther, Herbert V.
29 Robert A. F. Thurman, Review of Kindly Bent to Ease Us, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Published by:Harvard-Yenching Institute Vol.37, No.1 (June 1977), pp.222-228.
30 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, You are the eyes of the world. Trans. by Peterson, Merrill and Lipman, Kennard, New York:Snow Lion Publications,2000.
31 Ehrhard, Franz-karl, The Oldest Block Print of Klong-chen Rab- 'byams-pa's Theg Mchog Mdzod, facsimile edition of early Tibetan Block Prints, Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute,2000.
32 论文题目Chinesische Chan- und tibetische rDzogs chen-Lehre:eine komparatistische Untersuchung im Lichte des philosophischen Heilskonzeptes, Nicht-Vorstellen 'anhand der Dunhuang-Dokumente des chinesischen Chan-Meister Wolun und des Werkes bSam gtan mig sgron des tibetischen Gelehrten gNubs chen Sangs rgyas ye shes. PhD Thesis, Bonn 2004.
33 摧魔洲尊者著,许锡恩译, 《宁玛派次第禅》,收入《宁玛派丛书.见部3》,香港：密乘佛学会,序二,页16。
34 Gyurme Dorje (1987). The Guhyagarbhatantra and its ⅩⅣth Century Commentary Phyogs-bcu mun- sel. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London.
35 Gyurme Dorje, (trans.) The Tibetan book of the dead:the great liberation by hearing in the intermediate states, composed by Padmasambhava;revealed by Terton Karma Lingpa; translated by Gyurme Dorje; edited by Graham Coleman with Thupten Jinpa; New York:Viking,2006.
36 Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen, The Great Perfection (rDzog chen)-A Philosophical and Meditative Teachings of Tibetan Buddhism, Leiden:Brill,2007.
37 Dalton, Jacob & Van Schaik, Sam, Tibetan Tantric manuscripts from Dunhuang-A Descriptive Catalogue of the Stein Collection at the British Library. Leiden:Brill,2006.
38 Van Schaik, Sam, Approaching the Great Perfection:Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in Longchen Nyingtig, Boston:Wisdom Publications,2004.
39 Dalton, Jacob, The Uses of The dgongs pa 'dus pa' i mdo in the Development of the Rnying-ma School of Tibetan Buddhism. PhD Dissertation for University of Michigan,2002.
40 Leonard W J van der Kuijp, A treatise on Buddhist Epistemology and Logic Attributed to Klong Chen Rab 'byams pa (1308-1364) and its Place in Indo-Tibetan Intellectual History, Journal of India Philosophy, vol 31, No.4/ Aug 2003, pp.381-437.
41 隆钦巴著的《给康巴人.嘎喀三十》,范德康将前几句英译,见The Brilliant Scholar and the Scurrilous Letter, posted on May 25,2010. Downloaded from http://earlytibet.com/on June 02,2010.
42 The Dzogchen Project Longchen Bibliography:http://ww.dzogchenproject.com/ Longchenpabibliography.html
43 Germano, David Francis, Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe, and the mystery of self:The Tantric synthesis of rDzogs Chen in fourteen century Tibet. PhD Dissertation for University of Wisconsin-Madison,1992.
44 Hanson-Barber, A W, The Life and Teachings of Vairocana, PhD Thesis. The University of Wisconsin- Madison,1984. pp.135-178.
45 Hillis, Gregory Alexander, The Rhetoric of Naturalness:A Critical Study of the gNas lugs mdzod. PhD Thesis. University of Virgina,2003.
46 Garson, Nathaniel DeWitt, Penetrating the Secret Essence Tantra:Context and Philosophy in the Mahayoga System of rNying-ma Tantra. PhD Dissertation for University of Virginia,2004.
47 Butters, Albion Moonlight, The Doxographical Genius of Kun mkhyen kLong chen rab 'byams pa. PhD Thesis. Columbia University,2006.
48 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa (Longchen Rapjampa), The Great Chariot:A Treatise on the Great Perfection. Trans. Waldo, Ives. Internet version.
49 (with Rob Mayer) "Two Proposals for Critically Editing the Texts of the rNying ma'i rGyud'bum", Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines (Langues et Cultures de l'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS, Paris), Vol.10, April 2006, pp.56-70.; (with Jean-Luc Achard, Rob Mayer, Michael Kowalewski) " The sGang steng-b rNying ma'i rGyud'bum manuscript from Bhutan", Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines (Langues et Cultures de 1'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS,Paris), Special Edition, Vol.11, June 2006. ISSN:1768-2959; "The Tibetan Earth Ritual:Subjugation and Transformation of the Environment", in Revue D'Etudes Tibetaines 7 Langues et Cultures de l'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS, Paris), April 2005, pp.4-21. ISSN:1768-2959; "Distinctive Features of the Rig'dzin Tshe dbang nor bu (Waddell) Edition of the Rnying ma'i rgyud'bum", in D. Germano & H. Eimer (eds) The Many Canons of Tibetan Buddhism, Leiden:Brill,2002, pp.359-376.
50 University of Kent at Canterbury, The Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing: http://ngb.csac.anthropology.ac.uk/Title_page_main.html.
51 Achard, Jean-Luc, La liste des Tantras du rNying ma'i rgyud 'bum selon l'edition etablie par Kun mkhyen 'Jigs med gling pa. Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines numero un - Octobre 2002-pp.62-89《西藏杂志-2002》十月号,(法文).
52 Achard, Jean-Luc, The Tibetan Tradition of the Great Perfection. Download from:http://vajrayana.faithweb.com/Achard-Dzogchen.pdf,2010.
53 Derbac, Mihai, The rNying ma'i rgyud 'bum:A Tibetan Buddhist Canon. MA Thesis. University of Alberta,2007.
54 土登曲达编, 《仓扎宁玛续部目录》,北京：民族出版社,2009。
55 土登曲达编著, 《宁玛续部目录明镜》,北京：民族出版社,2000。
56 载《无垢心髓》,收《四部心髓》,A-‘dzom chos-sgar本的映印版,共13函,印度：德里,sherab gyaltsen lama发行,1975。第6函,页499至589。(TBRC-W12847-2066)。另有其它版本,论文中会说明。
57 载《拉喇 ·索南曲珠全集》(共五函),印度德里：Kongchhog Lhadrepa印行,1997,第四函,页213至546。(藏文)(TBRC-W22389-0794)
58 李学愚, 《发现雪山的全知法王：贡钦.龙钦绕绛巴全传》台湾：大千出版社,2008。
59 秋札桑波隆钦巴著,索达吉堪布译, (全知无垢光隆钦巴略传),载《显密宝库(八)-密宗实修法》,香港：中华文化出版社,2002,页1至52。
60 刘立千, 《藏传佛教各派教义及密宗漫谈》,北京：民族出版社1997。
61 隆钦巴(隆钦燃绛巴尊)者,刘立千译,《实相宝藏论详释》,载有(读《实相宝藏论释》笔记—关于大圆满的思想),北京：民族出版社,2007。
62 刘立千,《大圆满法语浅解》,北京：民族出版社2007。
63 吴信如, 《大圆满精萃》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2005
64 吴信如, (简论汉传禅宗与藏传宁玛派之关系),载《法音论坛》,刊登年份缺。
65 蒲文成, (宁玛派的九乘教法及其早期传播),载《青海民族研究(社会科学版)季刊》,1995年第4期,页30至38; <宁玛派高僧隆钦然绛大师),载《青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)》,1996年第4期,页17至22； (宁玛派大圆满法),载《青海民族研究(季刊》,1998年第1期,页26至32/45; (藏传佛教宁玛派在青海的传播情况),载《社会科学参考》,1998年第3期； (宁玛派的民间信仰),载《中国藏学》,2001年第3期,页92至99。
66 尕藏加, 《吐蕃佛教-宁玛派前史与密宗传承研究》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2007。
67 班班多杰, 《拈花微笑.藏传佛教哲学境界》,西宁：青海人民出版社,1996。
68 班班多杰, (藏传佛教史上的“他空见”与“自空见”-藏传佛教的思想特点及理论渊源),载《哲学研究》,1995年,第5期,及(也谈藏传佛教与藏族文化的关系), 《青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)》,2004年10月,第30卷第4期。
70 江嘎主编, 《大圆满》(上下),北京：中国藏学出版社,2005。
71 沈卫荣,汉译《幻化网秘密藏续》,香港：密乘出版社2001,附录有(《秘密藏续》与旧译无上密法于西藏的传播),页144至199。
72 干木滚, 《藏传佛教哲学思想史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2004,页187-188。
73 堪珠·贡确丹增, 《宁玛派源流》,北京：民族出版社,2005。
74 敦珠寧波车著,刘锐之译, 《西藏古代佛教史》收入《金刚乘学会丛书》,台湾：金刚乘学会,1994。
75 王亭之(谈锡永)主编, 《佛家经论导读丛书》,香港：密乘佛学会,1993-7。谈锡永主编, 《宁玛派丛书》,香港：密乘佛学会,1998。
76 Lipman, Kennard, The Meaning of "World" in Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy. PhD Dissertation for University of Saskatchewan,1976.
77 Yao, Zhihua, Four-Dimensional time in Dzogchen and Heidegger, Philosophy East & West, vol 57, No.4, Oct 2007, pp.512-532.
78 吴学国、秦琰, (海德格的[存在论差异]与大乘之[二谛论]),《普门学报》第21期/2004年5月。
79 King, Mike, The New Metaphysics and the Deep Structure of Creativity and Cognition, London Guildhall University. (undated)
80 藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC-W12829)《隆钦杂写》。Miscellaneous Writings (gsun thor bu) of Kun-mkhyen Klon-chen-pa Dri-med- 'od-zer. Reproduced from xylographic prints from the A-'dzom'Brug-pa Chos-sgar blocks by Sanje Dorje Vol 1. Delhi:1973, pp.235-245。
81 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.315。
82 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.162。
83 隆钦巴著,《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,共26卷,北京：中国藏学出版社,(先哲遗书.106-131卷),2009。 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版。
84 Smith, E. Gene, Among Tibetan texts:history and literature of the Himalayan Plateau; edited by Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Wisdom Publications,2001, pp.35 & 280.
85 《宗轮论》,德格版(藏文),页647至648。
4 伯戴克著(Petech, Luciano),张云汉译, 《元代西藏史研究》,欧亚历史文化名著,云南出版社,2002,页14。
5 Dudjom Rinpoche, translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein. The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ & Ⅱ, Wisdom Publications,1991, Vol Ⅰ, pp.663 & Vol Ⅱ, note 816, pp.60.
7 《汉藏大辞典》,页2118。
8'GOS LO TZ'A BA GZHON NU DPAL (1392-1481), The Blue Annals, trans. George N. Roerich, MOTILAL BANARSIDASS, Delhi:Patna:Varanasi, Calcutta,1949, pp.671.
9 青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)第34卷,第一期,2008年1月,页20。
10 东噶·洛桑赤列, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社。2002,页1877。
11 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.666 至667。
12 The Blue Annals, pp.149-150.
13'jigs med gling pa mkhyen brtse'od zer,《吉美宁巴全集》第三册(共九册),页281至290。印度德里影印德格版,1985年。
14 《元史·本纪第二十二及二十三,武宗一及二》
15 《元史·本纪第二十二,武宗一》
16 唐景福, 《中国藏传佛教名僧录》,甘肃民族出版社,1991,页117。
17 元仁宗爱育黎拔力八达-(Ayurbarwada,1285-1320,1311-1320年在位),元朝第四代皇帝。蒙古语称普颜笃皇帝(Buyantu Qaγan)。成宗兄答刺麻八刺次子。母弘吉剌氏答己。
18 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.669-670.
19 堪珠贡觉丹增仁波切,克珠群佩译, 《甯瑪派源流》,北京：宗教文化出版社,2008,页516。
20 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.669-670.
21 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.574.
22 王森, 《西藏佛教史略》,中国藏学出版社,2002,页47。
23 TBRC-W27401.
24 陈庆英演讲： 《汉藏佛教文化交流中的蕃僧进京》中国西藏网>藏学研究>藏学讲堂,发布时间：2010-05-18。
25《元史·本纪第二十四·仁宗一》
1 TBRC - W12827-2066
2 TBRC - W25983-3940
3 下载自TBRC - W2CZ7505,共61页。
4 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版vol 4,p 181-235.
5 载《无垢心髓》,收《四部心髓》,A-'dzom chos-sgar本的映印版,共13函,印度：德里,sherab gyaltsen lama发行,1975。第6函,页499至589。(TBRC-W12847-2066).另有其它版本,论文中会说明。
6 载《拉喇.索南曲珠全集》(共五函),印度德里：Kongchhog Lhadrepa印行,1997,第四函,页213至546。(藏文)TBRC-W22389-0794.
7 TBRC-W21727-1918
25 《传记合刊本》,页115。
26 各历法系统对鸠摩罗奢的圆寂年份非常一致,见Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume II, note 648, pp.49.
27 见下第七章
28 《传记合刊本》,页120。
1 大司徒·绛求坚赞著, 《朗氏家族史》,赞拉·阿旺、畲万治译,陈庆英校,西藏人民出版社,2002,页104。
2 《朗氏家族史》,页125。
3 《朗氏家族史》,页130。
4 《朗氏家族史》,页189。
5 Dorji Penjore, Oral Construction of Exile Life and Times of Kunkhyen Longchen Rabjam in Bumthang, pp.62.
6 见第二章。
7 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom,pp.162。
8 Michael Aris & Michael Hutt, edit, Bhutan:Aspects of Culture and Development, Michael Kowalewski, Religion in Bhutan Ⅱ:The Formation of a World-View,pp.133.
9 陈庆英《历辈达赖喇嘛生平形象历史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2006,页247。
10 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.824.
11 Michael Aris & Michael Hutt, edit, Bhutan:Aspects of Culture and Development, Kiscadale Asis Research Series No.5, Sonam Chhoki, Religion in Bhutan I:The Sacred and the Obscene in Bhutanese Religion, pp.118.
1 《传记合刊本》,页124125。
2 《传记合刊本》,页156。
3 Longchenpa, Precious Treasury of Pith Instructions. Trans. Richard Barron, California:Padma Publishing,2006, pp. xi to xii.
4 《传记合刊本》,页229。
5 《传记合刊本》,页156-157。
6 索南坚赞著, 《西藏王统记》,刘立千译注,北京：民族出版社,2000,页78-80。
7 索南坚赞著, 《西藏王统记》,刘立千译注,页189。
8 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.5。
9 此论载於《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页33至34。
10 《吉美宁巴全集》,TBRC-W7477,第14函(全14函),页3-44。
11 《吉美宁巴全集》,TBRC-W7477,第1函(全14函),页29-166。
1 《传记合刊本》,页208-226。
2 《传记合刊本》,页98-109。
3 《传记合刊本》,页109。
4 《宗轮藏》德格版,页647至648。
13《传记合刊本》,页227。
14 见《大圆满,上、下》,頁330-350。译者：劉立千： 《大圆满虚幻休息妙車疏》
15 《东噶藏学大辞典》,页125-126
16 Martin, Dan. Tibetan histories:a bibliography of Tibetan-language historical works, London:Serindia,1997, pp.58-59
17 笔者原译成《摄真实性量》,后经沈卫荣教授指正,今译作《摄量之真实性》(2010年9月29日,香港)。
18 Martin, Dan. Tibetan histories:a bibliography of Tibetan-language historical works, London:Serindia,1997, pp.58-59见前註2。
19 A-'dzom'Brug-pa Chos-sgar blocks belonging to late Lachung Apo by the Ven. Lama Jurme Drakpa, vol 1, Bla Ma Yan Thig (Part I), Sherab Gyaltsen Lam, Ballimarau, Delhi-110006, Frebuary 1975, Part E,2b, TBRC-W12827-2061, pp.84-134.
20 《传记合刊本》,页125,及见前章(再回西藏)。
21 《藏汉大辞典》,页1790。
22 《传记合刊本》,页112。
23 《传记合刊本》,页112。
2 刘立千著,《藏传佛教各派教义及密宗漫谈》,香港：佛教慈慧服务中心，1993,页1。
3 《藏汉大辞典》,页992。
4 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 633-634.
5 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 644.
6 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 617.
7 据说绒巴·曲吉桑布是前述弥底杂那格底尊者的转世。见堪珠·贡确丹增著(藏文),《宁玛派源流》,北京：民族出版社。2005年12月版,页276。
8班班多杰, 《藏传佛教哲学境界 拈花微笑》。青海人民出版社,1996年版,页247。
9 尕藏加,《吐蕃佛教宁玛派前史与密宗传承研究》,页50。
14 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp.794.
15 参考：布顿著,蒲文成译, 《布顿佛教史》,台湾：台北县汐止市：大千出版社,2006,页317-318。
39 《漢藏大辞典》,页403。
40 土观·罗桑却季尼玛著,刘立千译, 《土观宗派源流》,四川：西藏人民出版社,1985,页41。
1 Klong chen rab'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ.Trans. H. V. Guenther.
2 Robert A F Thurman, "Kindly Bent to Ease Us:A Review Article", Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol.37, No.1 (Jun.,1977), pp.222-228.
3 王尧、王启龙主编<国外藏学研究汉文集·第十七辑),西藏：西藏人民出版社,2004年,页331。
4 Klong chen rab 'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ. Trans. H. Guenther, pp. xi.
5 Sherburne, Richard, SJ, The Complete Works of Atisa Sri Dipamkara Jnana, Jo-Bo-Rje, New Delhi:Aditya Prakashan,2000.
6 Guenther, Herbert V. Tibetan Buddhism in Western Perspective. California: Dharma Publishing,1989.
7 Sherburne, Richard, "Tibetan Buddhism in Western Perspective, A Review Article", Amercian Oriental Society.
8 Guenther, Herbert V. Trans. The Royal Song of Saraaha:A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought, Seattle:University of Washington Press,1969.
9 A Bharati, "The Royal Song of Saraaha:A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought,-A Review Article", Association for Asian Studies:The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.30, No.1 (Nov.,1970), pp.216-217.
10 与沈卫荣教授讨论此事,他亦有同感。 (香港2010年9月27号)
11 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,香港：密乘佛学会,2001,页11。
12 季羡林, 《禅和文化与文学》,台湾：台湾商务印书馆,2005,页203至204。
13 Klong chen rab 'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ. Trans. H. Guenther, California:Dharma Publications,1975-6, Vol.Ⅰ, under Note 4, pp.245,.
14《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页388。
17 相信这背后有一典故,并未查明。
18 王怀林著, 《打开康巴之门》,四川出版社2007,页33。
19 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.839.
20 《汉藏大辞典》,页2019及2586。
21 Hilton, James, Lost horizon, William Morrow,1933.
22 沈卫荣教授演讲： (寻找香格里拉——妖魔化与神话化西藏的背后),中国西藏文化保护与发展协会、中国西藏信息中心、西藏文化网主办,北京大学百年讲堂,2009-07-19。
23 Childs, Geoff. Refuge and Revitalization:Hidden Himalayan Sanctuaries (sbas-yul) and the Preservation of Tibet's Imperial Lineage.1999, Acta Orientalia 60:126-158.
24 Kohli, M S, Bhutan, a Kingdom in the Sky, Vikas Publishing House,2004, pp.26.
25 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页36。
36 传刘立千译出、未见。
37 《大圆满,上、下》,页330-350。译者：刘立千： 《大圆满虚幻休息妙车疏》
41 《自传合刊本》,页224。
42 陈鼓应, 《老子注释及评介》,香港：中华书局(香港)有限公司,页153。
43 Smith, E. Gene, Among Tibetan texts:history and literature of the Himalayan Plateau; edited by Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Wisdom Publications,2001, pp.280。
47 Longchen Rabjam, The Precious Treasury of Pith Instructions, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2006, 页ⅹⅰ。
48 英译本：Longchen Rabjam, Precious Treasury of the Basic Space of Phenomena, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001. Longchen Rabjam, A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001。
49 Longchen Rabjam, A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001, pp.101。
50 相阴博士论文：David Germano, Poetic thought, the intelligent Universe, and the mystery of self:The Tantric synthesis of rDzogs Chen in fourteenth century Tibet, University of Wisconsin-Madison,1992。相關著作：Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen, Ithaca:Snow Lion,1989, pp.205-213, pp.400-401 and pp.413-420 (includes an abridged translation of chapter 11).
54 Longchen Rabjam, The Practice of Dzogchen, annotated by Tulku Thondup, pp.188.
55 见上文《宁玛派经典略说》一章。
56 刘立千译,隆钦燃绛巴尊者《实相宝藏论详释》。民族出版社。2007年版, 页162。
57 贺先枣编《康藏秘境》,四川民族出版社,2007年10月第二次版,页30-31。
58 隆钦巴著, 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,第14函,页463-464。
59周季文、谢后芳, 《藏文阅读入门》,云南：云南民族出版社,1998,页42-43。
60 Lipman, Kennard, The Meaning of "World" in Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy. PhD Dissertation for University of Saskatchewan,1976, pp. iii.
61 Heidegger, M., The Essence of Reasons. Translated by Terrence Malick, Evanston, Northwestern University Press,1969, pp.49 & 57.
62 King, Mike, The New Metaphysics and the Deep Structure of Creativity and Cognition, London Guildhall University.(undated)
63 Longchenpa, Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, translated by H. Guenther, California:Dharma Publications,1975, pp. xvii.
64 Lonchenpa, Old Man Basking in the Sun-Treasury of Natural Perfection, translated by Keith Dowman, Vajra Books, Kathmandu, Nepal,2006.
65 Yao, Zhihua, Four-Dimensional time in Dzogchen and Heidegger, Philosophy East & West, vol 57, No.4, Oct 2007, pp.512-532.
66 《藏汉大辞典》,页2386。
67 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,香港：密乘佛学会,2001,页156。
68 他是“预试七人”之一,法名：宝王护。
69 TRBC-W19229-0458,第11函(共58函),页1-83。
70 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页85。
71 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, vol 1, pp.244.
72 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, vol 1, pp.307.
73 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989, pp.242.
74 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页86-87。
75 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页91。
76 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页105。
77 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页120。
80 新纂续藏经第十六册No.317《楞严经正见》
由于有些参考文献翻译成多种语言流通,除原文本外,参考译木亦一并列出。
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1. 中国藏学网：http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/
2. 中国西藏网：http://tibet.cn/
3. 中国西藏信息中心：http://info.tibet.cn/
4. 西藏文化网：http://www.tibetculture.net/zxyj/index.htm
5. 东莲觉苑：http://www.buddhistdoor.com/mainpage/index.html
6. 佛教数位图书馆暨博物馆http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/front.htm
7. 藏人文化网：http://www.tibetcul.com/
8. 《中国藏学》
9. 《西藏研究》
1. 工沂暖主编, 《佛学词典》,青海：民族出版社,1992。
2. 张怡荪主编, 《藏汉大辞典》,北京：民族出版社,1993。
3. 周季文、傅同和, 《藏汉互译教程》,北京：民族出版社,1999。
4. 《藏汉对照一丹珠尔佛学分类词典》,北京：民族出版社,1992。
5. 德格印经院,《德格印经院目录大全(一)：文集类细目-1994； (二)：伏藏典籍-2000》,北京：中国藏学出版社。
6. 《德格巴宫-德格印经院藏版目录大全(一)》,四川：四川民族出版社,2005年。
7. 《德格巴宫-德格印经院藏版目录大全(二)》,四川：四川民族出版社,2005年。
8. 土登曲达编, 《宁玛派续部目录明镜》,北京：北京民族出版社,2000年
9. 土登曲达编, 《仓扎宁玛派续部目录》,北京：北京民族出版社,2009年
10. 《藏文典籍目录》,北京：民族图书馆,2006,北京：民族出版社,2006。
11. 东噶·洛桑赤列著, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2002
12. 《西藏大藏经》,德格版。藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子版。
13. 隆钦巴著, 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,共26函,北京：中国藏学出版社, (先哲遗书.106-131卷),2009。 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版。
14. 大丹增主编, 《中国藏学研究中心学术论文集》,藏文版,北京：中国藏学出版社,1996。
15. 昂翁洛布著, 《金汁写本丹珠尔目录》,北京：民族出版社,2004。
16. 土观·卓吉尼玛《宗派源流史》；Thu'u bkwan bLo bzang chos kyi nyi ma:Grub mtha'thams cad kyi khungs dang'dod tshul ston pa legs bshad shel gyi me long,甘肃民族出版社,1984。
17. 布顿·仁钦竹《布顿佛教史》,多吉杰博编；Bu ston Rin chen grub:bDe bargshegs pa'i bstan pa'i gsal byed chos kyi'byung gnas gsung rab rin po che'imdzod,北京:中国藏学出版社,1991。
19. 贡布嘉著,罗桑旦增译《汉区佛教源流》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2005
20. 蔡巴·贡噶多吉《红史》；Tshal pa Kun dga'rdo rje:Deb ther dmar po,北京：民族出版社,1981。
21. 班钦·索南札巴《新红史》；Pan chen bSod names grags pa:Deb ther dmar po gsar ma,拉萨：西藏人民出版社,1989。
22. 索南坚赞《西藏王统记》；bla ma dam pa Bsod nam rgyal mtshan:rGyal rabs rnams kyi'byung gsal ba'I me long chos'byung,北京：民族出版社,1981。
23. 吉美宁巴, 《吉美宁巴全集》’jigs med gling pa mkhyen brtse'od zer,第三函(共九函),印度德里影印德格版,1985年。
24.(?).《吉美宁巴-修法录》,载《吉美宁巴全集》,第十四函(共十四函),据A-'dzom'Brug pa chos sgar版,不丹：Lama Ngodrup and sherab Demy,1985. (TBRC-W7477-0672)
25. 毗玛宁巴, 《毗玛宁巴自传》,载《毗玛宁巴全集》,第十四函(共二十二函)据不丹：Thimphu:Kunsang Tobgay,1975-1976。(TBRC-W21727-1918)
26. 恰白·次旦平措著, 《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之一,上下册》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
27.(?).《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之三,恰白·次旦平措学术论文汉译集》北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
28.——. 《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之四,恰白·次日.平措学术论文汉译集(藏、汉)》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
30. 拉隆德西(lha lung thugs sras),《全知法王无垢光尊者简史》,成书于1725年,印度德里：Ngawang Chodron印行,1984。
32. 敦珠著, 《修心笔录》, 北京：民族出版社,2002。
33. 泽珠著, 《隆钦大圆满笔录》, 北京：民族出版社,2007。
34. 隆钦巴,《隆钦巴杂写》,Sanje Dorje整理,据A-'dzom' Brug-pa Chos-sgar影印版,上下两册,印度德里,1973年。
35.——.《七宝藏论》,德格版。(其它著作主要来自‘藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)'数位版。)
36. 干木滚, 《藏传佛教哲学思想史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2004年
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18.______. The Tibetan Earth Ritual:Subjugation and Transformation of the Environment, in Revue D'Etudes Tibetaines 7 Langues et Cultures de 1'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS, Paris), Avril 2005:4-21. ISSN:1768-2959.
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1. Asian Classic http://www.asianclassics.org/research_site/index.html
2. Digital Himalaya:http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/index.php
3. Early Tibet:http://earlytibet.com/about/
4. International Dunhuang Project:http://idp.bl.uk/idp.a4d
5. Lotsawa House:http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan_texts.html
6. Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit-Cambridge University http://www.innerasiaresearch.org/news.htm
7. NGB Catalogue Title page http://ngb.csac.anthropology.ac.uk/Title_page_main.html
8. Old Tibetan Documents Online http://otdo.aa.tufs.ac.jp/index.cgi?page=About%20Us
9. Online Buddhist Sutras, Scriptures, Texts and Related Media, in Chinese, Sanskrit and English, for Free http://www.fodian.net/world/
10. The Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library:http://www.thdl.org/
11. The Dzogchen Project Longchen Bibliography http://www.dzogchenproject.com/Longchenpabibliography.html
12. Tibet Link:http://home.educities.edu.tw/emaho/links.html
13. Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center:http://tbrc.org/-home
14. Ancient Nepal-published by the Department of Archaeology in Kathmandu, Nepal.
15. The Bulletin of Tibetology-published bi-annually by the Director, Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, Gangtok, Sikkim.
16. The Revue d'Etudes Tib6taines-published twice-yearly (October and April) by the UMR 8155 (CRCAO) of the CNRS, Paris. The Director of the RET is Dr Jean-Luc Achard, and the editorial board includes Drs. Anne Chayet and Pierre Arenes. http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/
17. The Journal of Bhutan Studies-published by the Centre for Bhutan Studies, an autonomous research institute dedicated towards promoting research and scholarship on Bhutan. (twice-yearly).
18. The Journal of the Tibet Society-published by Tibet Society. Edited by Christopher Ⅰ. Beckwith and Elliot Sperling at Indiana University.
19. Kailash-Journal of Himalayan Studies-published by Ratna Pustak Bhandar in Kathmandu, Nepal.
20. Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies is a semi-annual publication, appearing in June and December. http://www.hjas.org/
21. China Tibetology. Sponsored by China Tibetology Research Center, appearing in March and September yearly.
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11 《支那佛教史》第6卷第2号,东京：弘文堂书房,1942,第1至11页。
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13 佐藤长《中世西藏史研究》,京都：同朋舍,1986。
14 Pema Tesring, RNIN MA PA LAMAS AM YUAN-KAISERHOF, Proceedings of the Csoma de Koros Memorial Symposium, edited by Louis Ligeti. Budapest:Akademiai Kiado,1978,pp.511-540.(德文)
15 白马茨仁著,汉江译(元朝宫廷中的西藏红教喇嘛>,载《国外藏学动态》,1990。
16 蒲文成著, (元代的藏传佛教宁玛派),载《青海民族学院学报》,第34卷第1期,2008年1月,页13至20。
17 王森, 《西藏佛教史略》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2002。
18 东噶.洛桑赤列, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社。2002,页1877。
19 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ& Ⅱ. Trans. by Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein, Boston:Wisdom Publications,1991, vol 1, pp.663-667.
20 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. pp.575-596.
21 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989, pp.145-188, and Tulku Thondup, Masters of Meditation and Miracles:The Longchen Nyingthig Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, edited by Harold Talbott, Shambhala 1996, pp.109-117.
23 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989.
24 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. Trans. Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein.
25 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, The Full-Fledged Khyung-chen Bird, Trans. Guenther, Herbert V, Studia Philologica Buddhica Occasional Paper series, Tokyo:The International Institute for Buddhist Studies.1996.
28 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, Kindly Bent to Ease Us-3 vols. Trans. by Guenther, Herbert V.
29 Robert A. F. Thurman, Review of Kindly Bent to Ease Us, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Published by:Harvard-Yenching Institute Vol.37, No.1 (June 1977), pp.222-228.
30 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa, You are the eyes of the world. Trans. by Peterson, Merrill and Lipman, Kennard, New York:Snow Lion Publications,2000.
31 Ehrhard, Franz-karl, The Oldest Block Print of Klong-chen Rab- 'byams-pa's Theg Mchog Mdzod, facsimile edition of early Tibetan Block Prints, Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute,2000.
32 论文题目Chinesische Chan- und tibetische rDzogs chen-Lehre:eine komparatistische Untersuchung im Lichte des philosophischen Heilskonzeptes, Nicht-Vorstellen 'anhand der Dunhuang-Dokumente des chinesischen Chan-Meister Wolun und des Werkes bSam gtan mig sgron des tibetischen Gelehrten gNubs chen Sangs rgyas ye shes. PhD Thesis, Bonn 2004.
33 摧魔洲尊者著,许锡恩译, 《宁玛派次第禅》,收入《宁玛派丛书.见部3》,香港：密乘佛学会,序二,页16。
34 Gyurme Dorje (1987). The Guhyagarbhatantra and its ⅩⅣth Century Commentary Phyogs-bcu mun- sel. PhD Thesis. SOAS, University of London.
35 Gyurme Dorje, (trans.) The Tibetan book of the dead:the great liberation by hearing in the intermediate states, composed by Padmasambhava;revealed by Terton Karma Lingpa; translated by Gyurme Dorje; edited by Graham Coleman with Thupten Jinpa; New York:Viking,2006.
36 Karmay, Samten Gyaltsen, The Great Perfection (rDzog chen)-A Philosophical and Meditative Teachings of Tibetan Buddhism, Leiden:Brill,2007.
37 Dalton, Jacob & Van Schaik, Sam, Tibetan Tantric manuscripts from Dunhuang-A Descriptive Catalogue of the Stein Collection at the British Library. Leiden:Brill,2006.
38 Van Schaik, Sam, Approaching the Great Perfection:Simultaneous and Gradual Methods of Dzogchen Practice in Longchen Nyingtig, Boston:Wisdom Publications,2004.
39 Dalton, Jacob, The Uses of The dgongs pa 'dus pa' i mdo in the Development of the Rnying-ma School of Tibetan Buddhism. PhD Dissertation for University of Michigan,2002.
40 Leonard W J van der Kuijp, A treatise on Buddhist Epistemology and Logic Attributed to Klong Chen Rab 'byams pa (1308-1364) and its Place in Indo-Tibetan Intellectual History, Journal of India Philosophy, vol 31, No.4/ Aug 2003, pp.381-437.
41 隆钦巴著的《给康巴人.嘎喀三十》,范德康将前几句英译,见The Brilliant Scholar and the Scurrilous Letter, posted on May 25,2010. Downloaded from http://earlytibet.com/on June 02,2010.
42 The Dzogchen Project Longchen Bibliography:http://ww.dzogchenproject.com/ Longchenpabibliography.html
43 Germano, David Francis, Poetic Thought, the Intelligent Universe, and the mystery of self:The Tantric synthesis of rDzogs Chen in fourteen century Tibet. PhD Dissertation for University of Wisconsin-Madison,1992.
44 Hanson-Barber, A W, The Life and Teachings of Vairocana, PhD Thesis. The University of Wisconsin- Madison,1984. pp.135-178.
45 Hillis, Gregory Alexander, The Rhetoric of Naturalness:A Critical Study of the gNas lugs mdzod. PhD Thesis. University of Virgina,2003.
46 Garson, Nathaniel DeWitt, Penetrating the Secret Essence Tantra:Context and Philosophy in the Mahayoga System of rNying-ma Tantra. PhD Dissertation for University of Virginia,2004.
47 Butters, Albion Moonlight, The Doxographical Genius of Kun mkhyen kLong chen rab 'byams pa. PhD Thesis. Columbia University,2006.
48 Klong-chen Rab-'byams-pa (Longchen Rapjampa), The Great Chariot:A Treatise on the Great Perfection. Trans. Waldo, Ives. Internet version.
49 (with Rob Mayer) "Two Proposals for Critically Editing the Texts of the rNying ma'i rGyud'bum", Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines (Langues et Cultures de l'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS, Paris), Vol.10, April 2006, pp.56-70.; (with Jean-Luc Achard, Rob Mayer, Michael Kowalewski) " The sGang steng-b rNying ma'i rGyud'bum manuscript from Bhutan", Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines (Langues et Cultures de 1'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS,Paris), Special Edition, Vol.11, June 2006. ISSN:1768-2959; "The Tibetan Earth Ritual:Subjugation and Transformation of the Environment", in Revue D'Etudes Tibetaines 7 Langues et Cultures de l'Aire Tibetaines, CNRS, Paris), April 2005, pp.4-21. ISSN:1768-2959; "Distinctive Features of the Rig'dzin Tshe dbang nor bu (Waddell) Edition of the Rnying ma'i rgyud'bum", in D. Germano & H. Eimer (eds) The Many Canons of Tibetan Buddhism, Leiden:Brill,2002, pp.359-376.
50 University of Kent at Canterbury, The Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing: http://ngb.csac.anthropology.ac.uk/Title_page_main.html.
51 Achard, Jean-Luc, La liste des Tantras du rNying ma'i rgyud 'bum selon l'edition etablie par Kun mkhyen 'Jigs med gling pa. Revue d'Etudes Tibetaines numero un - Octobre 2002-pp.62-89《西藏杂志-2002》十月号,(法文).
52 Achard, Jean-Luc, The Tibetan Tradition of the Great Perfection. Download from:http://vajrayana.faithweb.com/Achard-Dzogchen.pdf,2010.
53 Derbac, Mihai, The rNying ma'i rgyud 'bum:A Tibetan Buddhist Canon. MA Thesis. University of Alberta,2007.
54 土登曲达编, 《仓扎宁玛续部目录》,北京：民族出版社,2009。
55 土登曲达编著, 《宁玛续部目录明镜》,北京：民族出版社,2000。
56 载《无垢心髓》,收《四部心髓》,A-‘dzom chos-sgar本的映印版,共13函,印度：德里,sherab gyaltsen lama发行,1975。第6函,页499至589。(TBRC-W12847-2066)。另有其它版本,论文中会说明。
57 载《拉喇 ·索南曲珠全集》(共五函),印度德里：Kongchhog Lhadrepa印行,1997,第四函,页213至546。(藏文)(TBRC-W22389-0794)
58 李学愚, 《发现雪山的全知法王：贡钦.龙钦绕绛巴全传》台湾：大千出版社,2008。
59 秋札桑波隆钦巴著,索达吉堪布译, (全知无垢光隆钦巴略传),载《显密宝库(八)-密宗实修法》,香港：中华文化出版社,2002,页1至52。
60 刘立千, 《藏传佛教各派教义及密宗漫谈》,北京：民族出版社1997。
61 隆钦巴(隆钦燃绛巴尊)者,刘立千译,《实相宝藏论详释》,载有(读《实相宝藏论释》笔记—关于大圆满的思想),北京：民族出版社,2007。
62 刘立千,《大圆满法语浅解》,北京：民族出版社2007。
63 吴信如, 《大圆满精萃》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2005
64 吴信如, (简论汉传禅宗与藏传宁玛派之关系),载《法音论坛》,刊登年份缺。
65 蒲文成, (宁玛派的九乘教法及其早期传播),载《青海民族研究(社会科学版)季刊》,1995年第4期,页30至38; <宁玛派高僧隆钦然绛大师),载《青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)》,1996年第4期,页17至22； (宁玛派大圆满法),载《青海民族研究(季刊》,1998年第1期,页26至32/45; (藏传佛教宁玛派在青海的传播情况),载《社会科学参考》,1998年第3期； (宁玛派的民间信仰),载《中国藏学》,2001年第3期,页92至99。
66 尕藏加, 《吐蕃佛教-宁玛派前史与密宗传承研究》,北京：社会科学文献出版社2007。
67 班班多杰, 《拈花微笑.藏传佛教哲学境界》,西宁：青海人民出版社,1996。
68 班班多杰, (藏传佛教史上的“他空见”与“自空见”-藏传佛教的思想特点及理论渊源),载《哲学研究》,1995年,第5期,及(也谈藏传佛教与藏族文化的关系), 《青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)》,2004年10月,第30卷第4期。
70 江嘎主编, 《大圆满》(上下),北京：中国藏学出版社,2005。
71 沈卫荣,汉译《幻化网秘密藏续》,香港：密乘出版社2001,附录有(《秘密藏续》与旧译无上密法于西藏的传播),页144至199。
72 干木滚, 《藏传佛教哲学思想史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2004,页187-188。
73 堪珠·贡确丹增, 《宁玛派源流》,北京：民族出版社,2005。
74 敦珠寧波车著,刘锐之译, 《西藏古代佛教史》收入《金刚乘学会丛书》,台湾：金刚乘学会,1994。
75 王亭之(谈锡永)主编, 《佛家经论导读丛书》,香港：密乘佛学会,1993-7。谈锡永主编, 《宁玛派丛书》,香港：密乘佛学会,1998。
76 Lipman, Kennard, The Meaning of "World" in Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy. PhD Dissertation for University of Saskatchewan,1976.
77 Yao, Zhihua, Four-Dimensional time in Dzogchen and Heidegger, Philosophy East & West, vol 57, No.4, Oct 2007, pp.512-532.
78 吴学国、秦琰, (海德格的[存在论差异]与大乘之[二谛论]),《普门学报》第21期/2004年5月。
79 King, Mike, The New Metaphysics and the Deep Structure of Creativity and Cognition, London Guildhall University. (undated)
80 藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC-W12829)《隆钦杂写》。Miscellaneous Writings (gsun thor bu) of Kun-mkhyen Klon-chen-pa Dri-med- 'od-zer. Reproduced from xylographic prints from the A-'dzom'Brug-pa Chos-sgar blocks by Sanje Dorje Vol 1. Delhi:1973, pp.235-245。
81 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.315。
82 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.162。
83 隆钦巴著,《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,共26卷,北京：中国藏学出版社,(先哲遗书.106-131卷),2009。 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版。
84 Smith, E. Gene, Among Tibetan texts:history and literature of the Himalayan Plateau; edited by Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Wisdom Publications,2001, pp.35 & 280.
85 《宗轮论》,德格版(藏文),页647至648。
4 伯戴克著(Petech, Luciano),张云汉译, 《元代西藏史研究》,欧亚历史文化名著,云南出版社,2002,页14。
5 Dudjom Rinpoche, translated and edited by Gyurme Dorje with the collaboration of Matthew Kapstein. The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ & Ⅱ, Wisdom Publications,1991, Vol Ⅰ, pp.663 & Vol Ⅱ, note 816, pp.60.
7 《汉藏大辞典》,页2118。
8'GOS LO TZ'A BA GZHON NU DPAL (1392-1481), The Blue Annals, trans. George N. Roerich, MOTILAL BANARSIDASS, Delhi:Patna:Varanasi, Calcutta,1949, pp.671.
9 青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)第34卷,第一期,2008年1月,页20。
10 东噶·洛桑赤列, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社。2002,页1877。
11 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.666 至667。
12 The Blue Annals, pp.149-150.
13'jigs med gling pa mkhyen brtse'od zer,《吉美宁巴全集》第三册(共九册),页281至290。印度德里影印德格版,1985年。
14 《元史·本纪第二十二及二十三,武宗一及二》
15 《元史·本纪第二十二,武宗一》
16 唐景福, 《中国藏传佛教名僧录》,甘肃民族出版社,1991,页117。
17 元仁宗爱育黎拔力八达-(Ayurbarwada,1285-1320,1311-1320年在位),元朝第四代皇帝。蒙古语称普颜笃皇帝(Buyantu Qaγan)。成宗兄答刺麻八刺次子。母弘吉剌氏答己。
18 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.669-670.
19 堪珠贡觉丹增仁波切,克珠群佩译, 《甯瑪派源流》,北京：宗教文化出版社,2008,页516。
20 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.669-670.
21 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Vol. Ⅰ, pp.574.
22 王森, 《西藏佛教史略》,中国藏学出版社,2002,页47。
23 TBRC-W27401.
24 陈庆英演讲： 《汉藏佛教文化交流中的蕃僧进京》中国西藏网>藏学研究>藏学讲堂,发布时间：2010-05-18。
25《元史·本纪第二十四·仁宗一》
1 TBRC - W12827-2066
2 TBRC - W25983-3940
3 下载自TBRC - W2CZ7505,共61页。
4 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版vol 4,p 181-235.
5 载《无垢心髓》,收《四部心髓》,A-'dzom chos-sgar本的映印版,共13函,印度：德里,sherab gyaltsen lama发行,1975。第6函,页499至589。(TBRC-W12847-2066).另有其它版本,论文中会说明。
6 载《拉喇.索南曲珠全集》(共五函),印度德里：Kongchhog Lhadrepa印行,1997,第四函,页213至546。(藏文)TBRC-W22389-0794.
7 TBRC-W21727-1918
25 《传记合刊本》,页115。
26 各历法系统对鸠摩罗奢的圆寂年份非常一致,见Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume II, note 648, pp.49.
27 见下第七章
28 《传记合刊本》,页120。
1 大司徒·绛求坚赞著, 《朗氏家族史》,赞拉·阿旺、畲万治译,陈庆英校,西藏人民出版社,2002,页104。
2 《朗氏家族史》,页125。
3 《朗氏家族史》,页130。
4 《朗氏家族史》,页189。
5 Dorji Penjore, Oral Construction of Exile Life and Times of Kunkhyen Longchen Rabjam in Bumthang, pp.62.
6 见第二章。
7 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom,pp.162。
8 Michael Aris & Michael Hutt, edit, Bhutan:Aspects of Culture and Development, Michael Kowalewski, Religion in Bhutan Ⅱ:The Formation of a World-View,pp.133.
9 陈庆英《历辈达赖喇嘛生平形象历史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2006,页247。
10 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.824.
11 Michael Aris & Michael Hutt, edit, Bhutan:Aspects of Culture and Development, Kiscadale Asis Research Series No.5, Sonam Chhoki, Religion in Bhutan I:The Sacred and the Obscene in Bhutanese Religion, pp.118.
1 《传记合刊本》,页124125。
2 《传记合刊本》,页156。
3 Longchenpa, Precious Treasury of Pith Instructions. Trans. Richard Barron, California:Padma Publishing,2006, pp. xi to xii.
4 《传记合刊本》,页229。
5 《传记合刊本》,页156-157。
6 索南坚赞著, 《西藏王统记》,刘立千译注,北京：民族出版社,2000,页78-80。
7 索南坚赞著, 《西藏王统记》,刘立千译注,页189。
8 Aris, Michael. Bhutan, The Early History of a Himalayan Kingdom, pp.5。
9 此论载於《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页33至34。
10 《吉美宁巴全集》,TBRC-W7477,第14函(全14函),页3-44。
11 《吉美宁巴全集》,TBRC-W7477,第1函(全14函),页29-166。
1 《传记合刊本》,页208-226。
2 《传记合刊本》,页98-109。
3 《传记合刊本》,页109。
4 《宗轮藏》德格版,页647至648。
13《传记合刊本》,页227。
14 见《大圆满,上、下》,頁330-350。译者：劉立千： 《大圆满虚幻休息妙車疏》
15 《东噶藏学大辞典》,页125-126
16 Martin, Dan. Tibetan histories:a bibliography of Tibetan-language historical works, London:Serindia,1997, pp.58-59
17 笔者原译成《摄真实性量》,后经沈卫荣教授指正,今译作《摄量之真实性》(2010年9月29日,香港)。
18 Martin, Dan. Tibetan histories:a bibliography of Tibetan-language historical works, London:Serindia,1997, pp.58-59见前註2。
19 A-'dzom'Brug-pa Chos-sgar blocks belonging to late Lachung Apo by the Ven. Lama Jurme Drakpa, vol 1, Bla Ma Yan Thig (Part I), Sherab Gyaltsen Lam, Ballimarau, Delhi-110006, Frebuary 1975, Part E,2b, TBRC-W12827-2061, pp.84-134.
20 《传记合刊本》,页125,及见前章(再回西藏)。
21 《藏汉大辞典》,页1790。
22 《传记合刊本》,页112。
23 《传记合刊本》,页112。
2 刘立千著,《藏传佛教各派教义及密宗漫谈》,香港：佛教慈慧服务中心，1993,页1。
3 《藏汉大辞典》,页992。
4 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 633-634.
5 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 644.
6 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp 617.
7 据说绒巴·曲吉桑布是前述弥底杂那格底尊者的转世。见堪珠·贡确丹增著(藏文),《宁玛派源流》,北京：民族出版社。2005年12月版,页276。
8班班多杰, 《藏传佛教哲学境界 拈花微笑》。青海人民出版社,1996年版,页247。
9 尕藏加,《吐蕃佛教宁玛派前史与密宗传承研究》,页50。
14 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume Ⅰ, pp.794.
15 参考：布顿著,蒲文成译, 《布顿佛教史》,台湾：台北县汐止市：大千出版社,2006,页317-318。
39 《漢藏大辞典》,页403。
40 土观·罗桑却季尼玛著,刘立千译, 《土观宗派源流》,四川：西藏人民出版社,1985,页41。
1 Klong chen rab'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ.Trans. H. V. Guenther.
2 Robert A F Thurman, "Kindly Bent to Ease Us:A Review Article", Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol.37, No.1 (Jun.,1977), pp.222-228.
3 王尧、王启龙主编<国外藏学研究汉文集·第十七辑),西藏：西藏人民出版社,2004年,页331。
4 Klong chen rab 'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ. Trans. H. Guenther, pp. xi.
5 Sherburne, Richard, SJ, The Complete Works of Atisa Sri Dipamkara Jnana, Jo-Bo-Rje, New Delhi:Aditya Prakashan,2000.
6 Guenther, Herbert V. Tibetan Buddhism in Western Perspective. California: Dharma Publishing,1989.
7 Sherburne, Richard, "Tibetan Buddhism in Western Perspective, A Review Article", Amercian Oriental Society.
8 Guenther, Herbert V. Trans. The Royal Song of Saraaha:A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought, Seattle:University of Washington Press,1969.
9 A Bharati, "The Royal Song of Saraaha:A Study in the History of Buddhist Thought,-A Review Article", Association for Asian Studies:The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.30, No.1 (Nov.,1970), pp.216-217.
10 与沈卫荣教授讨论此事,他亦有同感。 (香港2010年9月27号)
11 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,香港：密乘佛学会,2001,页11。
12 季羡林, 《禅和文化与文学》,台湾：台湾商务印书馆,2005,页203至204。
13 Klong chen rab 'byams pa, (Longchenpa). Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, Ⅱ & Ⅲ. Trans. H. Guenther, California:Dharma Publications,1975-6, Vol.Ⅰ, under Note 4, pp.245,.
14《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页388。
17 相信这背后有一典故,并未查明。
18 王怀林著, 《打开康巴之门》,四川出版社2007,页33。
19 Dudjom Rinpoche, Jikdrel Yeshe Dorje, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, Volume I, pp.839.
20 《汉藏大辞典》,页2019及2586。
21 Hilton, James, Lost horizon, William Morrow,1933.
22 沈卫荣教授演讲： (寻找香格里拉——妖魔化与神话化西藏的背后),中国西藏文化保护与发展协会、中国西藏信息中心、西藏文化网主办,北京大学百年讲堂,2009-07-19。
23 Childs, Geoff. Refuge and Revitalization:Hidden Himalayan Sanctuaries (sbas-yul) and the Preservation of Tibet's Imperial Lineage.1999, Acta Orientalia 60:126-158.
24 Kohli, M S, Bhutan, a Kingdom in the Sky, Vikas Publishing House,2004, pp.26.
25 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》第24函,页36。
36 传刘立千译出、未见。
37 《大圆满,上、下》,页330-350。译者：刘立千： 《大圆满虚幻休息妙车疏》
41 《自传合刊本》,页224。
42 陈鼓应, 《老子注释及评介》,香港：中华书局(香港)有限公司,页153。
43 Smith, E. Gene, Among Tibetan texts:history and literature of the Himalayan Plateau; edited by Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Wisdom Publications,2001, pp.280。
47 Longchen Rabjam, The Precious Treasury of Pith Instructions, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2006, 页ⅹⅰ。
48 英译本：Longchen Rabjam, Precious Treasury of the Basic Space of Phenomena, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001. Longchen Rabjam, A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001。
49 Longchen Rabjam, A Treasure Trove of Scriptural Transmission, translated by Richard Barron, Padma Publishing,2001, pp.101。
50 相阴博士论文：David Germano, Poetic thought, the intelligent Universe, and the mystery of self:The Tantric synthesis of rDzogs Chen in fourteenth century Tibet, University of Wisconsin-Madison,1992。相關著作：Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen, Ithaca:Snow Lion,1989, pp.205-213, pp.400-401 and pp.413-420 (includes an abridged translation of chapter 11).
54 Longchen Rabjam, The Practice of Dzogchen, annotated by Tulku Thondup, pp.188.
55 见上文《宁玛派经典略说》一章。
56 刘立千译,隆钦燃绛巴尊者《实相宝藏论详释》。民族出版社。2007年版, 页162。
57 贺先枣编《康藏秘境》,四川民族出版社,2007年10月第二次版,页30-31。
58 隆钦巴著, 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,第14函,页463-464。
59周季文、谢后芳, 《藏文阅读入门》,云南：云南民族出版社,1998,页42-43。
60 Lipman, Kennard, The Meaning of "World" in Tibetan Buddhist Philosophy. PhD Dissertation for University of Saskatchewan,1976, pp. iii.
61 Heidegger, M., The Essence of Reasons. Translated by Terrence Malick, Evanston, Northwestern University Press,1969, pp.49 & 57.
62 King, Mike, The New Metaphysics and the Deep Structure of Creativity and Cognition, London Guildhall University.(undated)
63 Longchenpa, Kindly Bent To Ease Us, Vol-Ⅰ, translated by H. Guenther, California:Dharma Publications,1975, pp. xvii.
64 Lonchenpa, Old Man Basking in the Sun-Treasury of Natural Perfection, translated by Keith Dowman, Vajra Books, Kathmandu, Nepal,2006.
65 Yao, Zhihua, Four-Dimensional time in Dzogchen and Heidegger, Philosophy East & West, vol 57, No.4, Oct 2007, pp.512-532.
66 《藏汉大辞典》,页2386。
67 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,香港：密乘佛学会,2001,页156。
68 他是“预试七人”之一,法名：宝王护。
69 TRBC-W19229-0458,第11函(共58函),页1-83。
70 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页85。
71 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, vol 1, pp.244.
72 Dudjom Rinpoche, The Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism, vol 1, pp.307.
73 Tulku Thondup, The Practice of Dzogchen by Longchen Rabjam, edited by Harold Talbott, New York:Snow Lion Publications 1989, pp.242.
74 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页86-87。
75 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页91。
76 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页105。
77 无垢友尊者译藏,沈卫荣译汉, 《幻化纲秘密藏续》,页120。
80 新纂续藏经第十六册No.317《楞严经正见》
由于有些参考文献翻译成多种语言流通,除原文本外,参考译木亦一并列出。
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2. 《藏汉对照—丹珠尔佛学分类词典》,北京：民族出版社,1992。
3.刘洪记,孙雨志合编, 《中国藏学论文资料索引》(1872-1995),北京：中国藏学出版社,1999年。
4.永青巴姆编, 《中国藏学论文资料索引》(1996-2004),北京：中国藏学出版社,2006年。
5.丹珠昂奔、周润年、莫福山、李双剑编《藏族大辞典》,兰州：甘肃人民出版社,2003。
6. (明)宋濂《元史》,北京：中华书局,1997。
7.柯劭忞, 《新元史》,台北：开明书店,1969。
8.张怡荪主编, 《藏汉大辞典》,北京：民族出版社,1993。
9.巴桑多吉, 《汉藏翻译教程》,北京：民族出版社,2006。
10.拉都, 《汉藏语法比较与翻译》,四川：四川民族出版社,2007。
11.《中国藏学》
12.《国外藏学研究文集》,西藏：西藏人民出版社。
如作者有多个名称,当取学界较多人使用者录入,用括号代表出版时的名称。例如龙清巴、隆钦燃绛巴、无垢光等,一律统一用隆钦巴。
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75. 赵晓星, 《吐蕃统治敦煌时期的密教研究》,兰州：兰州大学历史学·历史文献学博十论文,2005。
76. 白玛措, 《莲花生信仰研究》,四川：四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所博士论文,2005。
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78. 许得存, <隆庆绕绛巴及其对大圆满法的评判>,载《中国藏学》,1998年,第3期,页90至99。
79. 才旺拉姆,(宁玛派的产生及其教义),载《青海民族学院学报(社会科学版)》,1998年,第3期,页33至36。
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1. 中国藏学网：http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/
2. 中国西藏网：http://tibet.cn/
3. 中国西藏信息中心：http://info.tibet.cn/
4. 西藏文化网：http://www.tibetculture.net/zxyj/index.htm
5. 东莲觉苑：http://www.buddhistdoor.com/mainpage/index.html
6. 佛教数位图书馆暨博物馆http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/BDLM/front.htm
7. 藏人文化网：http://www.tibetcul.com/
8. 《中国藏学》
9. 《西藏研究》
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2. 张怡荪主编, 《藏汉大辞典》,北京：民族出版社,1993。
3. 周季文、傅同和, 《藏汉互译教程》,北京：民族出版社,1999。
4. 《藏汉对照一丹珠尔佛学分类词典》,北京：民族出版社,1992。
5. 德格印经院,《德格印经院目录大全(一)：文集类细目-1994； (二)：伏藏典籍-2000》,北京：中国藏学出版社。
6. 《德格巴宫-德格印经院藏版目录大全(一)》,四川：四川民族出版社,2005年。
7. 《德格巴宫-德格印经院藏版目录大全(二)》,四川：四川民族出版社,2005年。
8. 土登曲达编, 《宁玛派续部目录明镜》,北京：北京民族出版社,2000年
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10. 《藏文典籍目录》,北京：民族图书馆,2006,北京：民族出版社,2006。
11. 东噶·洛桑赤列著, 《东噶藏学大辞典》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2002
12. 《西藏大藏经》,德格版。藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子版。
13. 隆钦巴著, 《隆钦绕绛智麦威赛文集》,共26函,北京：中国藏学出版社, (先哲遗书.106-131卷),2009。 下载自藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)电子映印版。
14. 大丹增主编, 《中国藏学研究中心学术论文集》,藏文版,北京：中国藏学出版社,1996。
15. 昂翁洛布著, 《金汁写本丹珠尔目录》,北京：民族出版社,2004。
16. 土观·卓吉尼玛《宗派源流史》；Thu'u bkwan bLo bzang chos kyi nyi ma:Grub mtha'thams cad kyi khungs dang'dod tshul ston pa legs bshad shel gyi me long,甘肃民族出版社,1984。
17. 布顿·仁钦竹《布顿佛教史》,多吉杰博编；Bu ston Rin chen grub:bDe bargshegs pa'i bstan pa'i gsal byed chos kyi'byung gnas gsung rab rin po che'imdzod,北京:中国藏学出版社,1991。
19. 贡布嘉著,罗桑旦增译《汉区佛教源流》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2005
20. 蔡巴·贡噶多吉《红史》；Tshal pa Kun dga'rdo rje:Deb ther dmar po,北京：民族出版社,1981。
21. 班钦·索南札巴《新红史》；Pan chen bSod names grags pa:Deb ther dmar po gsar ma,拉萨：西藏人民出版社,1989。
22. 索南坚赞《西藏王统记》；bla ma dam pa Bsod nam rgyal mtshan:rGyal rabs rnams kyi'byung gsal ba'I me long chos'byung,北京：民族出版社,1981。
23. 吉美宁巴, 《吉美宁巴全集》’jigs med gling pa mkhyen brtse'od zer,第三函(共九函),印度德里影印德格版,1985年。
24.(?).《吉美宁巴-修法录》,载《吉美宁巴全集》,第十四函(共十四函),据A-'dzom'Brug pa chos sgar版,不丹：Lama Ngodrup and sherab Demy,1985. (TBRC-W7477-0672)
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26. 恰白·次旦平措著, 《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之一,上下册》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
27.(?).《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之三,恰白·次旦平措学术论文汉译集》北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
28.——. 《恰白作品与学术思想研究丛书之四,恰白·次日.平措学术论文汉译集(藏、汉)》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2007
30. 拉隆德西(lha lung thugs sras),《全知法王无垢光尊者简史》,成书于1725年,印度德里：Ngawang Chodron印行,1984。
32. 敦珠著, 《修心笔录》, 北京：民族出版社,2002。
33. 泽珠著, 《隆钦大圆满笔录》, 北京：民族出版社,2007。
34. 隆钦巴,《隆钦巴杂写》,Sanje Dorje整理,据A-'dzom' Brug-pa Chos-sgar影印版,上下两册,印度德里,1973年。
35.——.《七宝藏论》,德格版。(其它著作主要来自‘藏传佛教资源中心(TBRC)'数位版。)
36. 干木滚, 《藏传佛教哲学思想史》,北京：中国藏学出版社,2004年
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2. Digital Himalaya:http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/index.php
3. Early Tibet:http://earlytibet.com/about/
4. International Dunhuang Project:http://idp.bl.uk/idp.a4d
5. Lotsawa House:http://www.lotsawahouse.org/tibetan_texts.html
6. Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit-Cambridge University http://www.innerasiaresearch.org/news.htm
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8. Old Tibetan Documents Online http://otdo.aa.tufs.ac.jp/index.cgi?page=About%20Us
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10. The Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library:http://www.thdl.org/
11. The Dzogchen Project Longchen Bibliography http://www.dzogchenproject.com/Longchenpabibliography.html
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13. Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center:http://tbrc.org/-home
14. Ancient Nepal-published by the Department of Archaeology in Kathmandu, Nepal.
15. The Bulletin of Tibetology-published bi-annually by the Director, Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, Gangtok, Sikkim.
16. The Revue d'Etudes Tib6taines-published twice-yearly (October and April) by the UMR 8155 (CRCAO) of the CNRS, Paris. The Director of the RET is Dr Jean-Luc Achard, and the editorial board includes Drs. Anne Chayet and Pierre Arenes. http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/ret/
17. The Journal of Bhutan Studies-published by the Centre for Bhutan Studies, an autonomous research institute dedicated towards promoting research and scholarship on Bhutan. (twice-yearly).
18. The Journal of the Tibet Society-published by Tibet Society. Edited by Christopher Ⅰ. Beckwith and Elliot Sperling at Indiana University.
19. Kailash-Journal of Himalayan Studies-published by Ratna Pustak Bhandar in Kathmandu, Nepal.
20. Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies is a semi-annual publication, appearing in June and December. http://www.hjas.org/
21. China Tibetology. Sponsored by China Tibetology Research Center, appearing in March and September yearly.