炼铁厂给排水的无废少废工艺—闭路循环系统研究及应用
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摘要
本文阐述了实现炼铁厂给排水无废少废的工艺方法,经过详细分析及综合比较认为:高炉软水密闭冷却系统是值得推广应用的给水排水无废少废工艺方法。
针对高炉软水密闭冷却系统,阐述了系统的组成及各自的特点和用途。在此基础上通过试验对影响系统运行的各因素进行分析比较并结合工程设计实践,得出如下结论:
(1) 高炉采用软水密闭冷却循环系统技术是当今世界上炼铁生产技术进步的重大技术措施。它对延长高炉冷却部件使用寿命,强化高炉生产以及节约水资源,降低能耗,达到循环经济产生显著的效益。它明显优于高炉以前所采用的各种冷却方式。而且为生产新水硬度较高且缺水地区的钢铁企业提供了充分利用水源的途径。
(2) 采用水/水冷却的软水密闭冷却循环方式,必须增加二次冷却水,运行费用较高。若能用空气/水冷却方式,系统仅需极少量的新水作补充,其投资与水/水冷却相当。
(3) 软水密闭循环冷却系统需采用必要的安全供水措施。
(4) 软水密闭循环冷却系统应实现全自动控制,考虑必要的防腐措施、水质问题,水温差(Δt)和热负荷(Q)参数的控制等关键因素,以保证系统的正常运行。
This is the brief introduction on the technology without or with little waste in the water supply & drainage system of iron making plant. Basing on detailed analysis and comprehensive comparison, it is deemed that the closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace is a good teclinology of realizing no or little waste in the water supply & drainage system and should be popularized.Regarding the closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace, system configuration and respective features and purposes have been briefly described. Basing on that, tests have been done to analyze and compare the factors affecting system operation. Together with the practices of engineering and design, the following conclusions have been got:1. The closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace is the main feature of the development of iron making technology. This technology contributes a lot to prolonging the life of the cooling parts of BF, strengthening BF production, water saving and power saving. It is apparently better than any other cooling method previously used for BF cooling. What is more, this is a good way for the iron and steel plants in the area with high hardness in fresh production water or lacking water to utilize water source fully.2. If the closed-loop soft water cooling system is of water-water cooling mode, then secondary cooling water must be made up, which will cause running cost higher. If air-water cooling mode can be adopted, only a small quantity of fresh make-up water is needed, whilst the investment on the air-water cooling system is the same as the one on water-water cooling system.3. Necessary safety water supply measures shall be provided for closed-loop soft
water cooling system.4. Closed-loop soft water cooling system shall be controlled fully automatically and necessary consideration shall be taken on such critical aspects as anticorrosion measures, water quality, control on water temperature difference (At) and hot load (Q) to assure normal operation of the system.
针对高炉软水密闭冷却系统,阐述了系统的组成及各自的特点和用途。在此基础上通过试验对影响系统运行的各因素进行分析比较并结合工程设计实践,得出如下结论:
(1) 高炉采用软水密闭冷却循环系统技术是当今世界上炼铁生产技术进步的重大技术措施。它对延长高炉冷却部件使用寿命,强化高炉生产以及节约水资源,降低能耗,达到循环经济产生显著的效益。它明显优于高炉以前所采用的各种冷却方式。而且为生产新水硬度较高且缺水地区的钢铁企业提供了充分利用水源的途径。
(2) 采用水/水冷却的软水密闭冷却循环方式,必须增加二次冷却水,运行费用较高。若能用空气/水冷却方式,系统仅需极少量的新水作补充,其投资与水/水冷却相当。
(3) 软水密闭循环冷却系统需采用必要的安全供水措施。
(4) 软水密闭循环冷却系统应实现全自动控制,考虑必要的防腐措施、水质问题,水温差(Δt)和热负荷(Q)参数的控制等关键因素,以保证系统的正常运行。
This is the brief introduction on the technology without or with little waste in the water supply & drainage system of iron making plant. Basing on detailed analysis and comprehensive comparison, it is deemed that the closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace is a good teclinology of realizing no or little waste in the water supply & drainage system and should be popularized.Regarding the closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace, system configuration and respective features and purposes have been briefly described. Basing on that, tests have been done to analyze and compare the factors affecting system operation. Together with the practices of engineering and design, the following conclusions have been got:1. The closed-loop soft water cooling system applied in blast furnace is the main feature of the development of iron making technology. This technology contributes a lot to prolonging the life of the cooling parts of BF, strengthening BF production, water saving and power saving. It is apparently better than any other cooling method previously used for BF cooling. What is more, this is a good way for the iron and steel plants in the area with high hardness in fresh production water or lacking water to utilize water source fully.2. If the closed-loop soft water cooling system is of water-water cooling mode, then secondary cooling water must be made up, which will cause running cost higher. If air-water cooling mode can be adopted, only a small quantity of fresh make-up water is needed, whilst the investment on the air-water cooling system is the same as the one on water-water cooling system.3. Necessary safety water supply measures shall be provided for closed-loop soft
water cooling system.4. Closed-loop soft water cooling system shall be controlled fully automatically and necessary consideration shall be taken on such critical aspects as anticorrosion measures, water quality, control on water temperature difference (At) and hot load (Q) to assure normal operation of the system.
引文
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[44] 连诚等。武钢3200m~3高炉冷却壁软水密闭循环冷却系统的管理[J]。炼铁,1995.2.16～18
[2] 王俊。概述钢铁厂给水排水的无废少废工艺[J]。给水排水技术动态,1997.
[3] 陈常洲。面向O排放[J]。全国工业水委年会论文,1992.
[4] 许保玖。给水处理理论与设计[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.12.
[5] (法)德格雷蒙公司。王业俊等译。水处理手册[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983.12.
[6] 张自杰译,井出哲夫著。水处理工程理论与应用[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.10.
[7] 冯敏等。工业水处理技术[M]。北京:海洋出版社,1992.6.
[8] 董辅祥等。节约用水原理及方法指南[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995.11.159～163
[9] 冯开盛。本钢4号高炉软水密闭循环冷却系统的水质处理[J]。炼铁,1996.2.
[10] 冯开盛等。空冷器在本钢4号高炉上的应用及节能探讨[J]。炼铁,1996.2.
[11] 张学超等。武钢3号高炉软水密闭系统的设计[J]。炼铁,1992.5.
[12] 连诚等。武钢3200m~3高炉冷却壁软水密闭循环冷却系统的管理[J]。炼铁,1995.2.
[13] 许保玖。给水处理理论[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.10.
[14] 肖锦等。城市污水处理及回用技术[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,2002.5.
[15] 宋瑞祥。零排放后工业社会的梦想与现实[M]。北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.7.18～20
[16] 李立青。密闭循环冷却水系统工作泵性能浅析[J]。化工给排水设计,1998.
[17] 王大中等。高炉密闭循环冷却水系统的设计[J]。工业用水与废水,2002.16～18
[18] 顾德章。高炉软水闭路循环冷却系统设计探讨[J]。炼铁,1994.9～14
[19] 严煦世,范瑾初主编。给水工程(第三版)。北京中国建筑工业出版社,1995.6.
[20] 陈常州。高炉冷却水系统的发展与应用[J]。化工给排水设计,1997.3～8
[21] 段铭诚。建设节水山西实施可持续发展[J]。给排水技术动态,2004.5.
[22] 何为庆等。工业废水处理-2版[M]。北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.1.
[23] 李培红等。工业废水处理与回收利用[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,2001.4.
[24] 王家生等。小型火电厂废水零排放工艺研究[J]。安徽:工业用水与废水,2002.3.NO16～18.
[25] 王福庆等。国外城市节水技术与管理[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
[26] E. Foe Middlebrooks(美)著, Water Resure. ANN ARBOR. SCIENCE, 1982.
[27] Hille I.Shuval.著,水的再净与再用[M]。邱中峙、钱荣生译。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[28] (美)贝茨公司。工业水处理手册[M]。第七版。北京:化学工业出版社,1982.
[29] 周开君等译。循环供水-水的冷却系统[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,1986.
[30] 纪芳田等。循环冷却水处理基础知识[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,1986.
[31] 中村实等。电镀废水闭路循环的理论及应用[J]。许景文摘译。北京:机械工业出版社,1986.
[32] 徐寿昌等。工业冷却水处理技术[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,1982.
[33] 邹家庆。工业废水处理技术[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,2003.7.
[34] 丁亚兰。国内外废水处理工程设计实例[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[35] R.S拉马尔奥。废水处理概论[M]。严忠琪,王风石译。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[36] 娄金生等。水污染治理新工艺与设计[M]。北京:海洋出版社,1999.
[37] 张统。污水处理工艺及工程方案设计[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[38] 王宝贞。水污染控制工程[M]。北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[39] 湖南大学。环境工程概论[M]。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1985.
[40] 叶婴齐等。工业用水处理技术[M]。上海:上海科学普及出版社,1995.
[41] 佟玉衡。实用废水处理技术[M]。北京:化学工业出版社,1998.
[42] 顾飞等。我国高炉冷却水水质调查及评价[J]。炼铁,1996.4.22～26
[43] 冯开盛等。本钢4号高炉软水密闭循环冷却系统的水质处理[J]。炼铁,1996.2.30～35
[44] 连诚等。武钢3200m~3高炉冷却壁软水密闭循环冷却系统的管理[J]。炼铁,1995.2.16～18