球团矿竖炉氧化焙烧过程中的强度变化规律
摘要
球团生产工艺是炼铁工业人工造块的主要手段之一。它具有强度好、粒度均匀、形状规则、含铁品位高、还原性好等优点,在高炉冶炼中可起到增产节焦、改善炼铁技术经济指标、降低生铁成本、提高经济效益的作用。近年来,球团矿作为优质炉料越来越受到青睐和高度重视,但其质量的优劣对高炉冶炼指标的改进及炼铁技术的进步有着重要的影响。球团矿强度不仅是衡量球团矿质量的一项重要指标,也是球团矿焙烧固结好坏的重要标志。
试验通过对球团矿竖炉焙烧过程中的强度变化规律进行研究,主要得出以下结论:
在焙烧过程中,随着焙烧温度的升高,球团矿的强度先升高后降低,而在竖炉生产中又要保证球团矿不产生大量破损。因而这个规律决定了一个最高焙烧温度,实际焙烧温度必须低于这一数值。配矿方案1、2和3的最高焙烧温度依次为1220℃、1170℃、1200℃。
在高炉块状带下方,球团矿所受压力最大,强度最小,易发生破损。通过研究表明,球团矿常温抗压强度与高炉内的实际强度存在一定的倍数关系,其标准值可降低至840N。
单球抗压强度(即常温抗压强度)随着焙烧温度的升高而升高。根据高炉对球团矿的生产要求,焙烧过程存在一个最低焙烧温度。配矿方案1、2和3的最低焙烧温度依次为1094℃、1042℃、1081℃。
随着氧化焙烧时间的逐渐延长,球团矿的单球抗压强度呈上升的趋势;氧化焙烧温度较高或较低时,延长焙烧时间,单球抗压强度升高并不明显。且焙烧时间的长短直接影响竖炉利用系数的高低,比较经济可行的焙烧时间为10~35min。
Pelletizing is one of the major agglomeration measures. It possesses lots of attractive performance, such as good strength, uniform particle size, standardized shape, wonderful reductive etc. Resulting from these benefits, it can increase production, decrease coke, improve the indexes of economic and iron-making technology. Recently, pellets attract more and more concerns in iron and steel industry. However, their qualitys have an effect on iron-making technology. Pellets’strength is an important sign of pellets’consolidation.
The change of high temperature strength of pellets during roasting in shaft was researched. Then the following conclusions were gotten:
During oxidizing roast, the strength would rise and then drop rapidly with the temperature increasing. So there was a maxinmum roasting temperature.When the actual temperature lower than it, quality of pellets were all right. This value of Scheme 1, 2 and 3 was 1220℃, 1170℃, 1200℃.
At the bottom of the lumpy zone of blast furnace, pellets suffered the biggest pressure while their strength were the smallest, so they broke up easily. The compressive strength has certain times relationship with its strength at actual temperature, thus its standard value may reduce to 840N.
The results showed that the strength rose with the hoist of temperature. According to the requirements of blast furnace, it decided a minimum roasting temperature, whose value was 1094℃, 1042℃, 1081℃in Scheme 1,2 and 3.
As the roasting time extending slowly, the compression strength of pellets were in upward trend. However, it would not intensify apparently if the roasting temperature higher. The effective roasting time is 10~35min, otherwise the utilization coefficient is undesirable.
试验通过对球团矿竖炉焙烧过程中的强度变化规律进行研究,主要得出以下结论:
在焙烧过程中,随着焙烧温度的升高,球团矿的强度先升高后降低,而在竖炉生产中又要保证球团矿不产生大量破损。因而这个规律决定了一个最高焙烧温度,实际焙烧温度必须低于这一数值。配矿方案1、2和3的最高焙烧温度依次为1220℃、1170℃、1200℃。
在高炉块状带下方,球团矿所受压力最大,强度最小,易发生破损。通过研究表明,球团矿常温抗压强度与高炉内的实际强度存在一定的倍数关系,其标准值可降低至840N。
单球抗压强度(即常温抗压强度)随着焙烧温度的升高而升高。根据高炉对球团矿的生产要求,焙烧过程存在一个最低焙烧温度。配矿方案1、2和3的最低焙烧温度依次为1094℃、1042℃、1081℃。
随着氧化焙烧时间的逐渐延长,球团矿的单球抗压强度呈上升的趋势;氧化焙烧温度较高或较低时,延长焙烧时间,单球抗压强度升高并不明显。且焙烧时间的长短直接影响竖炉利用系数的高低,比较经济可行的焙烧时间为10~35min。
Pelletizing is one of the major agglomeration measures. It possesses lots of attractive performance, such as good strength, uniform particle size, standardized shape, wonderful reductive etc. Resulting from these benefits, it can increase production, decrease coke, improve the indexes of economic and iron-making technology. Recently, pellets attract more and more concerns in iron and steel industry. However, their qualitys have an effect on iron-making technology. Pellets’strength is an important sign of pellets’consolidation.
The change of high temperature strength of pellets during roasting in shaft was researched. Then the following conclusions were gotten:
During oxidizing roast, the strength would rise and then drop rapidly with the temperature increasing. So there was a maxinmum roasting temperature.When the actual temperature lower than it, quality of pellets were all right. This value of Scheme 1, 2 and 3 was 1220℃, 1170℃, 1200℃.
At the bottom of the lumpy zone of blast furnace, pellets suffered the biggest pressure while their strength were the smallest, so they broke up easily. The compressive strength has certain times relationship with its strength at actual temperature, thus its standard value may reduce to 840N.
The results showed that the strength rose with the hoist of temperature. According to the requirements of blast furnace, it decided a minimum roasting temperature, whose value was 1094℃, 1042℃, 1081℃in Scheme 1,2 and 3.
As the roasting time extending slowly, the compression strength of pellets were in upward trend. However, it would not intensify apparently if the roasting temperature higher. The effective roasting time is 10~35min, otherwise the utilization coefficient is undesirable.
引文
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[26]陈耀明,李健.氧化球团矿中Fe2O3的结晶规律[J].中南大学学报,2007,38(1):70-73.
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[28] Yang Z. Fundamental study on new method elation concurrent shaft furnace [J]. Iron & Steel Res. Int, 1999 (1): 18-21.
[29] Forsmo S, Hagglund A.. Influence of the olivine additive fineness on the oxidation of magnetite pellets[J]. Int I Miner Process, 2003 (70): 109-122.
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[31]彭志坚,罗浩.巴西赤铁粉矿制取氧化球团及焙烧性能试验研究[J].钢铁研究,2005(6):1-4.
[32]王宾,李慧敏,余为,等.以巴西赤铁矿为主配加磁铁矿、硼铁矿的球团试验[J]. 2008,32(2):19-22.
[33]李生军,王树洁.宣钢4#竖炉配加红粉降低膨润土用量的实验[J].河北冶金,2007(1):31-32.
[34] Tigerschold M, Ilmoni P A. Fundamental factors influencing the strength of green and burned pellets made from fine magnetite-ore concentrates[J]. Blast furnace, 1950 (5):18-53.
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[36]叶匡吾.我国铁矿业工艺产品结构应走“细磨、深选、制球团”的路[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1999,31(3):10-23.
[37] Mourao M B. Carbothermic reduction by microwave heating[J]. ISIJ International, 2001, 41: 27-30.
[38]陈津,刘浏,曾加庆.自熔性烧结含碳球团研究[J].钢铁,2002,37(3):1-7.
[39] Hongxu L. The structure and properties of pellet or ganicbinder[J]. Mineral and Metallurgy Engineering, 1998, 18(1): 260.
[40]杨军.配加赤铁矿竖炉生产含MgO球团矿的基础研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2005.
[41]张亚平,傅菊英,江涛,等.脉石含量对球团矿性能的影响[J].烧结球团,2002,27(4):11-14.
[42] Nasr M I, Omar A A, Hessien M M, et al. Carbon monoxide reduction and accompanying swelling of iron oxide compacts[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(2): 164-171.
[43]姜涛,何国强,李光辉,等.脉石成分对铁矿还原膨胀性能的影响[J].钢铁,2007,42(5):7-11.
[44] Mustafa K S. The influence of CaO on precipitation behaviour[J]. Journal of Metallurgy, 2001, (30): 1-7.
[45]王筱留.高炉生产知识问答(第2版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[46]任贵义.炼铁学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[47] Xingya M. The present state of study on reduction technique of carbon–bearing pellets [J]. Sintering and Pelletizing, 1999, 24(3): 24-26.
[48] Liu L. Kinetics of iron-joining crystal in sintered self-fluxing pellet containing coal [J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscope Society, 2002, 21(1): 69-71.
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[2]徐矩良.我国高炉合理炉料结构探讨[J].炼铁,2004,23(4):25-26.
[3]马小兰.精料炼铁和安钢优化炉料结构探讨[J].河南冶金,2005,13(4):23-25,50.
[4]冯娟.以精料为基础合理调整炉料结构实现高炉节能降耗降成本[J].首钢科技,2007,3:14-17.
[5]叶匡吾.欧盟高炉炉料结构述评和中国球团生产的进展[J].中国冶金,2005,15(10):1-3.
[6]叶匡吾.铁矿企业建设球团厂的必要性[J].工程设计与建设,2004,36(2):12-14.
[7] Sun S, Lu W K. A theoretical inrestigation of kinetics and mechanisms of iron ore reduction in an ore/coal composite[J]. ISIJ International,1999(2): 123-129.
[8]周取定,孔令坛.铁矿石造块理论及工艺[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.
[9]潘宝巨,张成吉.中国铁矿石造块适用技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000.
[10]张寿荣,银汉. 21世纪头20年中国炼铁工业面临的挑战[J].炼铁,2007,26(1):1-6.
[11]宋招权. MgO对球团矿质量的影响[J].烧结球团,2001,26(6):22-24.
[12]吕志义,陈革,马利,等.不同碱度及氧化镁球团矿实验研究[J].包钢科技,2003,29(4):1-3
[13]叶匡吾.努力推进我国球团矿生产[J].烧结球团,2007,32(5):1-4.
[14]傅菊英,朱德庆.铁矿氧化球团基本原理、工艺及设备[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005:4-5.
[15]丁宁.球团矿──冶金矿山的新“蓝海”[J].中国矿业,2007,16(8):80-82
[16]周节旺.铁矿石烧结技术的最新发展[J].国外钢铁,1994,19(6):1-2.
[17]张一敏.球团矿生产知识问答[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005,2-4.
[18]王维兴. 2008年中国钢铁工业能耗分析[J].钢铁,2009,44(9):1-6.
[19]刘文权.对我国球团矿生产发展的认识的思考[J].炼铁,2006,25(3):11-13.
[20] Kawai J. Development of environmental friendly steel products (eco-products) at nippon steel[C]. Nippon Steel Technical Reprot, 2000, 81(1): 1-4.
[21]孔令坛.这个炼铁原料技术的科技进步和展望[J].中国冶金,2003,4:1-4.
[22]第三届国际造块会议编辑委员会.第三届国际造块会议论文选[C],长沙:烧结球团编辑部,1983.
[23] Coetsee T, Pislorius P C, Viuiers E E. Rate-determining steps for reduction in magnetite-coal pellets[J]. Mineral Engineering, 2002, 15(11): 919-929.
[24] Struve G V, Stieger W, Rathburu D R, et al. Future progress and design aspects in iron ore Pelletizing [J]. The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1974 (11):26-28.
[25] Skillings D. The mine in michigan [J]. Skillings Mining Review, 1975, 64(34): 12-14.
[26]陈耀明,李健.氧化球团矿中Fe2O3的结晶规律[J].中南大学学报,2007,38(1):70-73.
[27] Hooey, P L, Zarins K, Dahlstedt A. Behaviour of kaolinite coated olivine pellets in blast furnace [J]. Iron-making and steelmaking, 2004 (8): 333-341.
[28] Yang Z. Fundamental study on new method elation concurrent shaft furnace [J]. Iron & Steel Res. Int, 1999 (1): 18-21.
[29] Forsmo S, Hagglund A.. Influence of the olivine additive fineness on the oxidation of magnetite pellets[J]. Int I Miner Process, 2003 (70): 109-122.
[30]张伟,王丽丽,邢宏伟,等.球团矿配加两种赤铁矿取代膨润土的可行性研究[J].矿产综合利用,2008(5):16-19.
[31]彭志坚,罗浩.巴西赤铁粉矿制取氧化球团及焙烧性能试验研究[J].钢铁研究,2005(6):1-4.
[32]王宾,李慧敏,余为,等.以巴西赤铁矿为主配加磁铁矿、硼铁矿的球团试验[J]. 2008,32(2):19-22.
[33]李生军,王树洁.宣钢4#竖炉配加红粉降低膨润土用量的实验[J].河北冶金,2007(1):31-32.
[34] Tigerschold M, Ilmoni P A. Fundamental factors influencing the strength of green and burned pellets made from fine magnetite-ore concentrates[J]. Blast furnace, 1950 (5):18-53.
[35]王筱留.钢铁冶金学(炼铁部分)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005,72.
[36]叶匡吾.我国铁矿业工艺产品结构应走“细磨、深选、制球团”的路[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1999,31(3):10-23.
[37] Mourao M B. Carbothermic reduction by microwave heating[J]. ISIJ International, 2001, 41: 27-30.
[38]陈津,刘浏,曾加庆.自熔性烧结含碳球团研究[J].钢铁,2002,37(3):1-7.
[39] Hongxu L. The structure and properties of pellet or ganicbinder[J]. Mineral and Metallurgy Engineering, 1998, 18(1): 260.
[40]杨军.配加赤铁矿竖炉生产含MgO球团矿的基础研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2005.
[41]张亚平,傅菊英,江涛,等.脉石含量对球团矿性能的影响[J].烧结球团,2002,27(4):11-14.
[42] Nasr M I, Omar A A, Hessien M M, et al. Carbon monoxide reduction and accompanying swelling of iron oxide compacts[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(2): 164-171.
[43]姜涛,何国强,李光辉,等.脉石成分对铁矿还原膨胀性能的影响[J].钢铁,2007,42(5):7-11.
[44] Mustafa K S. The influence of CaO on precipitation behaviour[J]. Journal of Metallurgy, 2001, (30): 1-7.
[45]王筱留.高炉生产知识问答(第2版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[46]任贵义.炼铁学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
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