黑龙江垦区森林病虫害管理信息系统构建及应用研究
|
摘要
本论文主要阐述《黑龙江垦区森林病虫害管理信息系统》的开发过程和具体的实现方法,完成了2个子系统的设计与研发工作。2个子系统分别为森林病虫害基础数据处理子系统和森林病虫害网络发布子系统。系统将先进的地理信息技术、组件技术、数据库技术和管网建模技术很好地融合在一起,并利用黑龙江省农垦总局绥化分局对系统进行了测试,系统有以下特点:
1、系统采用VB6.0+ArcSDE+ArcObjects+SQL Server的开发方式,开发平台为Windows2000 Server。用VB6.0开发系统具有简单、快速的优点,而且,方便地调用ArcObjects组件来完成。通过ArcSDE空间数据引擎,将空间地理数据和属性数据导入到SQL Server数据库中,满足系统的数据存储,数据的频繁访问以及数据扩充的需要,为系统提供了技术支持。
2、系统利用ArcIMS作为地理信息网络发布平台,Weblogic8.1作为Web服务器,使用ArcSDE空间数据引擎。利用ArcIMS所提供的Java Connector连接器进行WebGIS开发,采用Java为Web开发语言,将复杂交互系统的JavaBean+JSP+Servlet的MVC模式和B/S设计结构融为一体,构成完善的网络发布体系。将垦区发生频率高且危害严重的22种病虫害信息发布于网上,使基层森防人员通过浏览森林病虫害图片,能够辨别出病虫害的种类,及时找出防治森林病虫害的方法。
3、在基础数据处理子系统中,采用了C/S结构设计,完成了数据的组织和处理、界面的表达与交互功能。能够准确地进行病虫害信息的录入、数据快速查询与统计、历年复查和年度核查、分析等功能,能够快速查询垦区发生严重的22种病虫害信息,病虫害调查株数、分布情况、危害程度、发生面积等,为垦区森林病虫害防治提供决策依据。
4、系统使用Asp组件完成了常见22种病虫害图片上传到数据库的功能实现。其实现过程分为客户端和服务器端两部分。客户端执行图片的浏览和选定功能;服务器端完成图片以JPG形式存储到系统数据库中,为病虫害信息网络发布提供了资料。
5、系统设计了网络报表功能。网络报表是针对复杂格式的报表数据及Web报表的展现,从此,摆脱了传统报表对多数据集一般难以支持的弊端,提高了制作报表的效率。
6、为了保证数据安全,系统设计了三级用户:超级用户、高级用户和普通用户。超级用户为总局林业局,高级用户为分局林业局,普通用户为农牧场林业科。针对不同的用户拥有的操作权限不同,这样,有效地保护总局、分局和农牧场的知识成果和知识产权,为数据的保密提供了可能。
7、从系统的设计开发过程来看,系统采用通用高级编程语言结合地理信息系统组件,是林业进行地理信息系统开发的一种比较好的集成二次开发方式。使用通用编程语言可以比较方便的进行系统功能与界面的开发;而使用地理信息系统组件能够避免复杂的地理信息系统底层功能开发工作,既缩短了开发周期,减少了开发工作量,保证了系统的稳定性和可靠性,又可以实现系统的无缝集成。
系统在黑龙江省农垦总局绥化分局森林病虫害管理工作中使用验证,从系统的使用情况和运行效果来看,本系统有着很好的应用前景和使用价值。
The paper mainly elaborates"Forest Disease and Pest Management Information System Construction and Application of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation"development process and realization method,has completed 2 subsystem's design and construction and development work.2 subsystems:forest disease and pest essential data processing subsystem and Forest plant disease network issue subsystem.It is very perfect to use advanced GIS technology, module technology,database technology and network technology together,and using the Suihua sub-bureau of bureau of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation have carried on the test to system.The system has following character:
1.The system uses VB6.0+ArcSDE+ArcObjects+SQL_Server development way,the developing platform is windows2000 Server,the simply fast merit with VB6.0 development system.Moreover,transfers ArcObjects framework storehouse conveniently,the system needs each kind of GIS operation mainly completion by ArcObjects framework storehouse.Through ArcSDE spatial data engine,inducts spatial geography data and disease and pest attribute data to SQL_Server database,satisfies disease and pest data reserves to be big,data frequently visit as well as data expands need conveniently,has provided technical support for the system.
2.The system issues platform uses ArcIMS as geography information's network,uses Weblogic 8.1 as Web server,ArcSDE was used as spatial data engine,using ArcIMS provides Java Connector,carries on WebGIS development,Uses Java as Web development language, merges complex alternately systematic JavaBean+JSP+Servlet's MVC pattern and B/S design structure into one organic whole,constitutes perfect network issue system.Issues 22 kinds of disease and pest information of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation frequently and seriously on-line,causes basic unit forest protection personnel through browsing forest disease and pest picture,distinguishes forest disease and pest's type,discovers forest disease and pest's prevention method promptly.
3.In the essential data processing subsystem,has used the C/S structural design,has completed the data organization and processing,the contact surface expression and the interactive function,Carry on plant disease functions accurately and so on.information input, data fast inquiry and statistics,all previous years reexamination and year investigation,analysis, inquire the reclamation area to have 22 kinds of plant disease information fast,plant disease investigates number seriously,the distributed situation,the harm degree,to have the area and so on,prevents and controls for the reclamation area forest plant disease,provides the policymaking basis.
4.The system used Asp the module to complete the common 22 kinds of plant disease picture to upload to the database function realizes.It realizes the process to divide into the client side and the server two parts.Client side execution picture browsing and designation function;The server end completes the picture to save by the JPG form to the system database, for plant disease information network issued that has provided the material.
5.System design network report form function.The network report form aims at the complex form the report data and Web the report form development,henceforth,got rid of the traditional report form the malpractice which supports with difficulty generally to the multidata sets,raises the manufacture report form efficiency.
6.In order to assure the data security,the system designs three levels of users:Super user, high-quality and general user.The super user is bureau,the high-quality user is sub- bureau,the general user is farm.In view of the different user is different,the super user has the biggest jurisdiction,may increase user,may change user's information,may delete user.High-quality increases and changes respective farm user's information.The general user can only revise own information and password,cannot revise other user's information.Like this,protects bureau, sub-bureau and farm's knowledge achievement and intellectual property rights effectively, provides the possibility for the data security.
7.Looking from system's design performance,the system uses the general high-level programming languageunion geographic information system module,is the forestry carries on the geographic information system development one quite good integrated re-development way. Using the general programming language to be possible quite convenient to carry on the system function and the contact surface development.But uses the geographic information system module to be able to avoid the complex geographic information system first floor function development work,Both reduced the development cycle,reduced the development work load,has guaranteed system's stability and the reliability,and may realize system's seamless integration.
The system uses the confirmation through Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation bureau Suihua sub-bureau forest disease and pest management work.this system has very good application prospect and use value.
1、系统采用VB6.0+ArcSDE+ArcObjects+SQL Server的开发方式,开发平台为Windows2000 Server。用VB6.0开发系统具有简单、快速的优点,而且,方便地调用ArcObjects组件来完成。通过ArcSDE空间数据引擎,将空间地理数据和属性数据导入到SQL Server数据库中,满足系统的数据存储,数据的频繁访问以及数据扩充的需要,为系统提供了技术支持。
2、系统利用ArcIMS作为地理信息网络发布平台,Weblogic8.1作为Web服务器,使用ArcSDE空间数据引擎。利用ArcIMS所提供的Java Connector连接器进行WebGIS开发,采用Java为Web开发语言,将复杂交互系统的JavaBean+JSP+Servlet的MVC模式和B/S设计结构融为一体,构成完善的网络发布体系。将垦区发生频率高且危害严重的22种病虫害信息发布于网上,使基层森防人员通过浏览森林病虫害图片,能够辨别出病虫害的种类,及时找出防治森林病虫害的方法。
3、在基础数据处理子系统中,采用了C/S结构设计,完成了数据的组织和处理、界面的表达与交互功能。能够准确地进行病虫害信息的录入、数据快速查询与统计、历年复查和年度核查、分析等功能,能够快速查询垦区发生严重的22种病虫害信息,病虫害调查株数、分布情况、危害程度、发生面积等,为垦区森林病虫害防治提供决策依据。
4、系统使用Asp组件完成了常见22种病虫害图片上传到数据库的功能实现。其实现过程分为客户端和服务器端两部分。客户端执行图片的浏览和选定功能;服务器端完成图片以JPG形式存储到系统数据库中,为病虫害信息网络发布提供了资料。
5、系统设计了网络报表功能。网络报表是针对复杂格式的报表数据及Web报表的展现,从此,摆脱了传统报表对多数据集一般难以支持的弊端,提高了制作报表的效率。
6、为了保证数据安全,系统设计了三级用户:超级用户、高级用户和普通用户。超级用户为总局林业局,高级用户为分局林业局,普通用户为农牧场林业科。针对不同的用户拥有的操作权限不同,这样,有效地保护总局、分局和农牧场的知识成果和知识产权,为数据的保密提供了可能。
7、从系统的设计开发过程来看,系统采用通用高级编程语言结合地理信息系统组件,是林业进行地理信息系统开发的一种比较好的集成二次开发方式。使用通用编程语言可以比较方便的进行系统功能与界面的开发;而使用地理信息系统组件能够避免复杂的地理信息系统底层功能开发工作,既缩短了开发周期,减少了开发工作量,保证了系统的稳定性和可靠性,又可以实现系统的无缝集成。
系统在黑龙江省农垦总局绥化分局森林病虫害管理工作中使用验证,从系统的使用情况和运行效果来看,本系统有着很好的应用前景和使用价值。
The paper mainly elaborates"Forest Disease and Pest Management Information System Construction and Application of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation"development process and realization method,has completed 2 subsystem's design and construction and development work.2 subsystems:forest disease and pest essential data processing subsystem and Forest plant disease network issue subsystem.It is very perfect to use advanced GIS technology, module technology,database technology and network technology together,and using the Suihua sub-bureau of bureau of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation have carried on the test to system.The system has following character:
1.The system uses VB6.0+ArcSDE+ArcObjects+SQL_Server development way,the developing platform is windows2000 Server,the simply fast merit with VB6.0 development system.Moreover,transfers ArcObjects framework storehouse conveniently,the system needs each kind of GIS operation mainly completion by ArcObjects framework storehouse.Through ArcSDE spatial data engine,inducts spatial geography data and disease and pest attribute data to SQL_Server database,satisfies disease and pest data reserves to be big,data frequently visit as well as data expands need conveniently,has provided technical support for the system.
2.The system issues platform uses ArcIMS as geography information's network,uses Weblogic 8.1 as Web server,ArcSDE was used as spatial data engine,using ArcIMS provides Java Connector,carries on WebGIS development,Uses Java as Web development language, merges complex alternately systematic JavaBean+JSP+Servlet's MVC pattern and B/S design structure into one organic whole,constitutes perfect network issue system.Issues 22 kinds of disease and pest information of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation frequently and seriously on-line,causes basic unit forest protection personnel through browsing forest disease and pest picture,distinguishes forest disease and pest's type,discovers forest disease and pest's prevention method promptly.
3.In the essential data processing subsystem,has used the C/S structural design,has completed the data organization and processing,the contact surface expression and the interactive function,Carry on plant disease functions accurately and so on.information input, data fast inquiry and statistics,all previous years reexamination and year investigation,analysis, inquire the reclamation area to have 22 kinds of plant disease information fast,plant disease investigates number seriously,the distributed situation,the harm degree,to have the area and so on,prevents and controls for the reclamation area forest plant disease,provides the policymaking basis.
4.The system used Asp the module to complete the common 22 kinds of plant disease picture to upload to the database function realizes.It realizes the process to divide into the client side and the server two parts.Client side execution picture browsing and designation function;The server end completes the picture to save by the JPG form to the system database, for plant disease information network issued that has provided the material.
5.System design network report form function.The network report form aims at the complex form the report data and Web the report form development,henceforth,got rid of the traditional report form the malpractice which supports with difficulty generally to the multidata sets,raises the manufacture report form efficiency.
6.In order to assure the data security,the system designs three levels of users:Super user, high-quality and general user.The super user is bureau,the high-quality user is sub- bureau,the general user is farm.In view of the different user is different,the super user has the biggest jurisdiction,may increase user,may change user's information,may delete user.High-quality increases and changes respective farm user's information.The general user can only revise own information and password,cannot revise other user's information.Like this,protects bureau, sub-bureau and farm's knowledge achievement and intellectual property rights effectively, provides the possibility for the data security.
7.Looking from system's design performance,the system uses the general high-level programming languageunion geographic information system module,is the forestry carries on the geographic information system development one quite good integrated re-development way. Using the general programming language to be possible quite convenient to carry on the system function and the contact surface development.But uses the geographic information system module to be able to avoid the complex geographic information system first floor function development work,Both reduced the development cycle,reduced the development work load,has guaranteed system's stability and the reliability,and may realize system's seamless integration.
The system uses the confirmation through Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation bureau Suihua sub-bureau forest disease and pest management work.this system has very good application prospect and use value.
引文
[1]覃传恒.基于GIS的广西森林病虫害管理信息系统研究[D].广西大学,2008,5-47.
[2]郭宝松.在垦区林业有害生物防治培训班上的讲话[R].2007,6.
[3]林惠彬.基于GIS的福建烟草病虫害管理信息系统构建[D].福建农林大学,2008,2-15.
[4]贾涛.基于Web的森林病虫鼠害通用管理信息系统的研究与实现[D].东北林业大学,2007,1-55.
[5]张培,叶建仁,徐克勤.试论林木病虫害防治信息的数字化、网络化建设[J].江苏林业科技,2005,32(3):47-49.
[6]周定辉.基于GIS的县级林业有害生物管理系统研究[D].中国林业科学研究院,2006,1-27.
[7]王永杰,高骏,周振红.基于GIS的环境分析评价[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2004,25(2):63-65.
[8]饶卫民,章家恩,肖红生,等.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用现状概述[J].云南地理环境研究,2004,16(2):13-17.
[9]郝力,张晶.城市地理信息系统及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,16-39.
[10]Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc.Understanding GIS-The ARC/INFO Method[M].Redlands California,USA:1995.
[11]马彦琳.试论地理信息系统与地球系统科学的关系[J].干旱区地理,1998,21(2):82-87.
[12]李德仁.当前国际GIS的研究和应用现状.见:RS、GIS、GPS的集成与应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,1995,20-32.
[13]李斌.我国GIS软件工业面临的机遇和挑战[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1999,37-48.
[14]边馥苓.地理信息系统原理和方法[M].北京:测绘出版社,1996,15-30.
[15]胡存,田佳桂.GIS在农业信息管理与农业区划中的应用[J].天津农业科学,1998,4(2):34-37.
[16]褚庆全,李林.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用及其发展趋势[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(1):22-26.
[17]王家耀.空间信息系统原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,83-84.
[18]马荣华等.数字地球时代“3S”集成的发展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(1):89-96.
[19]徐翠云.地理信息系统的应用现状及发展趋势[J].地质找矿论丛,2001,16(1):52-56.
[20]张萍,王岚等.GIS在市政设施管理中的应用[J].城市管理与科技,2000,12(2):41-44.
[21]陆守一,唐小明,王国胜.地理信息系统实用教程(2版)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000,32-43.
[22]马晓岚.GIS-沟通世界的语言[J/OL].科学网,2006,11(8).
[23]李德仁,李清泉.地球空间信息学与数字地球[N].电子科技导报,1999.
[24]褚庆全,李林.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用及其发展趋势[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(1):22-26.
[25]周洁敏.GIS的发展及在林业上的应用(综述)[J].林业资源管理,1996,(1):58-62.
[26]石树刚,郑振楣,何炎祥,等.地理信息系统(GIS)概述[J].交通与计算机,1995,13(3):1-5.
[27]吴信才.地理信息系统的基本技术与发展动态[J].中国地质大学学报,1998,23(4):329-333.
[28]张祖勋,黄明智.时态GIS数据结构的研讨[J].测绘通报,1996,1:19-22.
[29]方裕,陈斌,薛巍巍.开放式地理信息系统应用平台的理论与实现[J].中国图像图形学报,1998,3(10):859-871.
[30]Henry T.The Spatial Data Transfer Standard[J].Cartography and Geographic Information System,1994.
[31]Coppock J.T.,Rhind D.W..The history of GIS[J].Geographic Information System,1991.
[32]Enrique R.Vivoni,Richard Camilli.2003.Real-time streaming of environmental field data.Computers & Geosciences 29:457-468.
[33]Carlos Serodio,Boaventura Cunha,Raul Moraisb,Garlos Couto,Joao onteiro.2001.A networked platform for agricultural management systems.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.31(1):75-90.
[34]安如,王慧麟,冯学智.江苏省1∶5万基础地理信息更新集成技术特点探析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2002,(2):88-192.
[35]Elmes G.A.,et al.,Know ledge-based geographic information systems on the Macintosh computer:a component of the Gypses project.Proc.USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Res.Rev.1990.USDA For.Serv Gen.Tech.Rep NE-146.eds.W.Gottschalk.M.,J.Twery,S.I.Smith,Washington D C:USDA.1991.58.
[36]马明栋,武文波,宋伟东.地理信息系统发展趋势[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(2):152-155.
[37]吴升,王家耀.近年来地理信息系统的技术走向[J].测绘通报,2000,(3):20-24.
[38]秦其明,曹五丰,陈杉.Mirage GIS地理信息系统实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001,10-39.
[39]Batty,6.New technology and GIS ln:Longely,P.A.,Goodchild M.F.,Maguire D.J.and Rhind D.W.Geographical Information Systems(Volume 1):Principles and Technical Issues(Second Edition)NY:John Wiley&sons,1NC.,1999,Chapter 17,309-16.
[40]Goodchild.M.Integrating Gis and spatial data analysis:problems and possibilities.International Journal of Geographical Information system,1992,6(5):407-423.
[41]Buehler K.and McKee L.The Open Gis Guide(Third Edition),Wayland,Massachusetts:Open GIS Consortium,Inc.,1998.
[42]Molenaar M.Object hierarchies and uncertainty in GIS or why standardization is So difficult GIS,(4):22-28,1993.
[43]Andrew S.Tanenbaum.1996.Computer networks.(Third editor).Prentice Hall Intecnation,lnc.100-150.
[44]王小立.数据访问对象ADO及其应用[J].安徽电力职工大学学报,2002,7(1):34-49.
[45]何楚林.计算机编绘林业地图的技术方法研究[J].热带林业,1997,25(3):118-125.
[46]Buffington K.et al.Comparison oI techniques for mapping gypsy moth defoliation.ASPRS/ACSM/RT 92.1992.5:177-185.
[47]陈志泊,李冬梅,王春玲.数据库原理及应用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,101-122.
[48]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002,10-30.
[49]http://www garmin.com/support/commProtocol.html
[50]http://dev yesky corn/317/2306317.shtml
[51]David K.,Peter L.et al.Vistual GIS:A Real2Time 3D Geographic Information System [A].Proceedings of IEEE Visualization,95[C].[s.1.]:[S.n.],1995.
[52]何志文.我国制图技术发展现状[J].数字制图.1995,(1):59-136.
[53]龙新毛,刘放光.地理信息系统应用于森林分布图制作的初步分析研究[J].林业资源管理,2000,(6):21-27.
[54]毋河海,龚健雅.地理信息系统(GIS)空间数据结构与处理技术[M].北京测绘出版社,1997,25-46.
[55]廖志文,陈京元,高攀.遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].湖北林业科技,2003,(4):30-32.
[56]李登科.遥感技术在病虫害调查中的应用[J].陕西气象,1998,(3):27-30.
[57]武红敢.卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].世界林业研究, 1995,(2):24-29.
[58]张超,陈丙咸,邬伦.地理信息系统[M].高等教育出版社,2000,334-337.
[59]闾国年,张书亮,龚敏霞等.地理信息系统集成原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版,2003,46-47.
[60]傅肃性.地理信息系统的理论与应用发展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(2):192-199.
[61]梁红莲,刘登忠.GIS应用现状及发展趋势探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):68-92.
[62]郭银燕.地理信息系统及其农业应用[J].农业现代化研究,1996,17(2):119-121.
[63]韩笋生,彭震.GIS在国外城市规划中的应用[J].国外城市规划,2001,(1):42-44
[64]XinhaoWang,Bruce Stauffer.Application of GIS for environmental impact analysis in a traffic relief study[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,1995,19(4):275-286.
[65]国家环保总局.全国环境统计公报[R].2002.
[66]张为人,徐惠民,范健.基于GIS的环境事故应急监测技术支持系统[J],辽宁城乡环境科技,2004,24(4):15-17.
[67]Liebhold A.M.et al.,Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insectecology.Annu.Rev.En-tom o1.1993,38:303-327
[68]周立阳,高增祥,李典漠.害虫预测预报的生态学基础和应用技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):1013-1019.
[69]http://sports.sohu.com/64/8.5/news208588564.shtml
[70]Satyanarayana B,Raman A.V.Application of GIS in the preparation of species distributional maps for coringa mangroves based on ground truth data[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Editions),2004,(4):13-18.
[71]Shao Guo-fan,Dai Li-rain,Li Ying-shan.FORESTAR:A decision-support system for multi-objective forest management in Northeast China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2003,14(2):141-145.
[72]Makki S.A.M.,Pissinou Niki,Daroux Philippe.2003.Mobile and Wireless Internet Access.Computer Communications 26:734-746.
[73]Coleman D.J.Geographical information systems in networked environments In:Longely Goodchild P.A.,Maevire N.F.and Rhind D.W.Geographical Information Systems (Volumel):Principles and Technical Issues(Second Edition) NY:John Wiley & sons,INC.,1999,Chapter;253-256.
[74]Hermann Speckmann,Gerhard Jahns.1999.Development and application of an agricultural BUS for data transfer.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.23:219-237.
[75]Adam N.R.and Gangopadhyay A.Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems,Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1997.
[76]张建锋,房义福,宋玉民.GIS在森林景观监测方向的应用[J].浙江林业科技,2000,(20):50-53.
[77]袁亚东.GIS在森林资源现状分析中的应用[J].林业勘查设计,2000,(1):72-73.
[78]白降丽,庚晓红,彭道黎.“3S”集成技术在林业中的应用现状及发展趋势[J].中南林业调查规划,2004,23(4):52-55.
[79]岳彩荣.“3S”技术及其在林业上的应用与展望[J].林业资源管理,1999,3:70-75.
[80]Franco Lopez Hector,Alan E.R.,Bauer Marvin E.Estimation and mapping of forest stand density,volume,and cover type using the knearest neighbors method[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,77(3):251-274.
[81]Halme M,Tomppo E.Improving the accuracy of multisource forest inventory estimates to reducing plot location errora multicriteria approach[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,78(3):321-327.
[82]McRoberts R E.Using a land cover classification based on satellite imagery to improve the precision of forest inventory area estimates[J]Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,81(1):36-44.
[83]Gills M D,Pick R D,Leckie D G Satellite imagery asssists in the assessment of hail damage for salvage harvest[J].The Forestry Chronicle.1990.(10):463-468.
[84]Smeulders A W M,Worring M,Santini S,et al.Content Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2000,22(12):1349-1379.
[85]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,42-58.
[86]Wu S.Y.,and M.S.System Analysis and Design.West Publish Company,1994,64-66.
[87]Clement G,Larouche C,Gouin D,et al.OGDI:Toward Interoperability among Geospatial Databases[J].SIGMOD Record,1997,26(3):18-23.
[88]FGDC.Federal Geographic Data Committee.Content Standards for Digital Geo-spatial Metadata,1994.
[89]李翔.农作物管理地理信息系统的设计与建立[D].河南业大学,2003,4-27.
[90]缪天宇.基于Web的森林病虫害防治决策专家系统的研究与实现[D].东北林业大学,2007,1-53.
[91]ESRI中国(北京)有限公司网站.http://www.esrichina-bj.cn.
[92]鹰图中国有限公司.http://www.intergraph.com.cn/.
[93]http://www.mapworld.com.cn/mapinfo.htm
[94]http://www.mapgis.com.cn/product.htm
[95]http://www.geostar.com.cn/
[96]httpa/www.supermap.com.cn/
[97]李成德.森林昆虫学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004,5-394.
[98]骆社周.森林病虫害预测预报系统的设计与研发[D].北京中国地质大学,2006,30-37.
[99]赵良平,叶建仁,曹国江等.森林健康理论与病虫害可持续控制-对美国林业考察的思[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):5-9.
[100]北大荒信息港 http://www.chinabdh.com/
[101]韩波,郭宝松.黑龙江农垦林业志[M].沈阳:天辰设计印刷,2004,7-55.
[102]http://www fs.fed.usJforesthealth
[103]武红敢,陈改英.基于3“S”和网络技术的森林病虫害监测与管理系统[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(4):32-36.
104]http://www fs.fed.us/foresthealth/pubsindex.shtml
[105]Potter W.D.,Deng X.,Li J.,Xu M.,Lappasl W.Y.,Twery M.J.,Bennett D.J..Awebbased expert system for gypsymoth risk assessment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,27(1-3):95-105.
[106]赵海泉.地理信息全球定位遥感技术及计算机在美国林业管理中的应用[J].甘肃林业科技,1994,1:45-46.
[107]Mackey H.E.,Jensen L.R..Remote sensing of wetlands applications overview.Proc.First Workshop on Videography.Amen Soc.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.1988.32-33.
[108]Schroeder P.Biomass estimation for temperate broadleaf forests of the United States using inventory data[J].Forest Science,1997,42(3):424-434.
[109]Elmes G.A..Knowledge-based geographic information systems on the Macintosh computer:acomponent of the GYPSES project[A].USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Res[C].1991.58
[110]William M.C..Remote sensing in forest health protection[J].USDA Forest Service,2001.
[111]Loh Douglas K,Holtfrerich David R,Stipdonk Stacy E.P.Automated construction of rule bases for forest resource planning[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1998,21(2):117-133.
[112]Loh Douglas K,Van Stipdonk Stacy E.P,Holtfrerich David R.,Yi-Te C.Hsieh.Spatially Constrained reasoning for the determination of wild life foraging areas[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1996.15(4):323-334.
[113]周秀明,宋蛰存.信息技术在森林病虫害测报中的应用现状[J].森林工程, 2006,22(6):1-3.
[114]赵良平,潘宏阳,王福祥等.澳大利亚病虫害和森林病虫害防治技术给我们的启迪与思考(Ⅱ)[J].中国森林病虫,2004,23(3):36-41.
[115]Muzika.R.M.,Grushecky.S.T.,Liebhold.A.M.,et al.Using thinning as a management for gypsymoth:the influence on small mammal abundance[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,192(2-3):349-359.
[116]薛贤清,慕康治,崔力等.国外森林害虫监测与预报的科技进展(下)[J].世界林业研究,1993:29-34.
[117]Power J M.Decision support system for the forest insect and disease survey and for past management[J].For Chron,1988,64:132-135.
[118]Coulson.R.N..Knowledhe system environment for integrated pest management in forest landscapes:the southern pine beetle(Coleoptera:Scolyt idae)[J].Bull Entomol Sco Am,1989,35:26-32.
[119]Parker.H.D..The unique qualities of a geographic information system:A commentary.Photogrammetric Engineering and Kemote Sensing.1988.54:1547-1549
[120]Liebhold.A.M.et al.,Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology.Annu.Rev.Entomol.1993,38:303-327.
[121]Roberts.E.A.et al..Spatial data representation for integrated pest management programs.Am Entomol.1993,39(2):92-107.
[122]Twery.M.J.et al..Using GIS to assess gypsy moth hazard.In Proc.ASPRS/ACSM 1990 Annu.conv.,Bethesda,MD:Am.Soc.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.1990,3:284-290.
[123]国家林业局植树病虫害司,国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.森林病虫害监测预报应用程序[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2002,4-5.
[124]http://fhm.fs.fed.us/ism/index.shtm
[125]叶建仁.中国森林病虫害防治现状与展望[C].2003华东植物病理学术研讨会,2003.
[126]孙淑清,罗继生,李庆君.现代技术在我国森林病虫害监测管理中的应用[J].防护林科技,2004,59(2):38-39.
[127]Lachowski.H.et al..Integrating remote sensing with GIS[J].Journal of Forestry,1992,(12):16-21.
[128]Maclean.A.L.et al..Using GIS to estimate forest resource changes[J].Journal of Forestry,1992,(12):22-26.
[129]Grove.M..Social forestry and GIS[J].Journal of forestry.1992,(12):10-15.
[130]Bain.S..Forest service remote sensing summary[M].USDA For.Serv.Eng..Washington DC
[131]Parks B.O..A spatial model and geographic information system for state-wide assessment of risks due to gypsy moth infestation in Michigan[J].Gypsy Moth Annu Rev,1986,160-172.
[132]倪绍祥,蒋建军,王杰臣.遥感与GIS在蝗虫灾害防治研究中的应用进展[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(1):97-100.
[133]王海国,周宝华,程遐年.地理信息系统及其在害虫治理中的应用[J].1997,34(6):366-370.
[134]郭志华,肖文发,张真等.RS在森林病虫害监测研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,11(4):73-81.
[135]张星耀,骆有庆.中国森林重大生物灾害[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003,12.
[136]崔立军,孙振伟,韩逢时.GPS技术在森林资源一、二类调查中的应用[J].林业勘查设计,2002,(3):81-82.
[137]黎镇湘,张晓丽,张锁成等.RS与GIS集成技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].河北林业研究,2004,19(4):371-379.
[138]郝涛,钱庆,石道良.地理信息系统在我国森林病虫害信息管理中的应用[J].湖北林业科技,2005,3:46-49.
[139]王国和.昆虫性信息素在森林害虫监测和防治中的应用[J].山西林业科技,2005,3:26-28.
[140]龙晶,徐坚,汪国华,等.松毛虫灾害遥感监测研究[J].林业资源管理,1996,(5):74-76.
[141]徐华潮,吴鸿,傅丽青.森林害虫综合治理研究[J].浙江林业科技,2002,3(2):74-77.
[142]刘森,张贵,肖化顺.3S在森林病虫害预警中的应用与展望[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2004,10(4):295-297.
[143]马小明,叶文虎,李天生,等.松毛虫综合管理信息系统研究[J].林业科学研究,1993,(6):28-32.
[144]Kaneyuki nakane.yoshinori kimura.Assessment of pine forest damage by blight based on Landsat TM data and correlation with environmental factors.Ecological Research.1992,(7):9-18.
[145]石根生,李典漠.地理信息系统与森林病虫害[J].森林病虫通讯,1996,(3):38-44.
[146]胡文英,赵耘.地理信息系统在林业上的应用现状及其前景[J].西部林业科学,2004,33(2):100-102.
[147]周国娜,高宝嘉,黄选瑞,等.地理信息系统在植物病虫害研究中的应用[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(9):212-216.
[148]Brockhaus J.A.,Khorram S.et al.A comparison of Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data for use in the development of forest defoliation modes.International Journal of Remote Sensing.1992,13(6):3235-3240.
[149]王淑芬,张真,陈亮等.马尾松毛虫防治决策专家系统[J].林业科学,1992,28(1):31-38.
[150]马小明,叶支虎,李天生,等.马尾松毛虫计算机预测预报系统-FIMS-1[J].林业科技通讯,1990,(1):20-23.
[151]尹泰龙,佟影,王永明,等。落叶松落叶病测报管理微机决策支持系统[J].森林病虫通讯,1991,(3):44-45.
[152]周嘉熹,于新文,邵崇斌等.杨树天牛综合管理专家系统[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(2):51-55.
[153]吴坚,马小明,李志清等.航空录像遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(5):579-584.
[154]高景斌,周卫,叶勤文等.应用GIS对松材线虫病进行信息管理[J].森林病虫通讯,1997,(3):20-22.
[155]武红敢.卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(2):24-29.
[156]杨存建,陈德清,魏一鸣等.遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式[J].灾害学,1999,14(1):6-10.
[157]王阿川,岳书奎,王志英,等.樟子松球果象甲防治决策的专家系统(PPPES)[J].东北林业大学学报,1998,26(2):21-24.
[158]杨秀好.森林病虫害信息管理系统的研究[J].广西林业科学,1999,28(1):20-23.
[159]薛贤清,温绍生.森林害虫综合管理的专家系统[J].森林病虫通讯,1990,(2)::48-51.
[160]景天忠,王志英.基于分布式数据库的森林病虫害信息网络框架设计与应用[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):24-26.
[161]张培,叶建仁,徐福元.计算机技术在我国林业有害生物管理中的应用[J].江苏林业科技,2006,33(2):48-55.
[162]陈建春.Visual C~(++)开发GIS系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004,11-457.
[163]曹文田,刘猛,马小明等.全国森林病虫害防治管理信息系统[J].中国森林病虫,2000,(4):27-31.
[164]http://slbch.org/project/hfiles/tnew2.htm
[165]武红敢,石进,蒋丽雅等.3S技术在安徽省森林病虫害监测与管理中的应用[J].昆虫与环境,2001,286-292.
[166]杨毅,张珍荫,周汝良等.基于GIS的森林病虫害防治系统的设计与实现[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(4):353-356.
[167]徐桂莲,张忠辉,高长启.GIS支持下的落叶松八齿小蠢的测报技术[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):57-58.
[168]詹新武,周世健.基于GIS技术的森林病虫害防治管理信息系统[J].中国森林病虫,2005,24(1):25-28.
[169]武红敢,陈改英.基于3“S”和网络技术的森林病虫害监测与管理系统[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(4):32-36.
[170]赵朋.基于GIS的苹果病虫害管理信息系统的研究与开发[D].中国农业大学,2005,3:11-21.
[171]曹咏梅.广东省森林病虫害远程诊断系统的设计研究[D].中南林业科技大学,2006,1-73
[172]Michael F.Goodchild,Future Direction in Geographic Information Science,Geographic Information Sciences,1999,Volume 5 Number 1,3-5.
[173]宋玉双,韩少敏.对加强我国森林病虫害治理工作的思考[J].森林病虫通讯,1999,42-44.
[174]Lin Hui,Peng Changhui.Geonraphic Information forestry:Problems and Prospects[J].Forestry Studies in China,2000,2(1):37-48.
[175]Mcdonald A.J.,Gemmell F.M.,Lewis P.E..Investigation of the utility of spectral vegetation indices for determining information on coniferous forests[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,66(2):250-272.
[176]Fraser Gemmell and Jail Varjo..Utility of reflectance model inversion versus tow spectral indices for estimating biophysical characteristics in a boreal forest test site[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1999,68(1):95-111.
[177]杨秀好.基于GIS的县级林业有害生物监测数据采集与管理系统研究[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2005,1-38.
[178]谢明玉,王胜兴.森林病虫害防治信息系统应用关键点分析[J].内蒙古林业,2003,(11):38-39.
[179]武红敢,蒋丽雅.提升GPS林业应用精度与水平的方法[J].林业资源管理,2006,2:46-50.
[180]朱建华,陈顺立,张再福.森林病虫害预测预报[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2002,15-58.
[181]庞正轰.马尾松毛虫灾害预测预报综合技术研究[D].北京林业大学博士论文,2004,1-47.
[182]柴守权,尤德康,邱立新等.德昌松毛虫发生期与发生量的预测预报[J].林业科技,2003,28(2):22-24.
[183]张玉书,冯锐,陈鹏狮等.松毛虫发生期与气象条件关系[J].2004,25(3):26-28.
[184]孟庆繁,刘宽余,陶丽霞.大兴安岭落叶松毛虫发育进度预测的研究[J].吉林林学院学报,1996,12(3):134-136.
[185]赵清山.中国马尾松毛虫中长期预测预报研究[J].林业科学,1986,22(1):110-111.
[186]梁其伟.几种数学方法在马尾松毛虫预测预报上的应用研究[J].林业科学,1986,22(4):360-367.
[187]魏初奖,庄晨辉,谢大洋等.福建省马尾松毛虫灾区区划及其应用[J].南京林业大学学报,2002,26(3):35-39.
[188]刘光华,古德样,蒲哲龙.马尾松毛虫发生面积的预测研究[J].中山大学学报,1995.
[189]陈昌洁.松毛虫综合管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990,15-30.
[190]冯世强,肖艳.“3S”集成技术在森林病虫害监测中应用的探讨[J].中国林副特产2005,2:47-48.
[191]周立.森林虫害监测与防治综合管理系统中3S集成技术实现[J].林业资源管理,1999,(1):59-62.
[192]梅安新,彭望碌,秦其明等.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,28-58.
[193]金瑞华.浅谈生物灾害遥感监测[J].遥感信息,1991,(3):35-37.
[194]戴昌达,唐伶俐,陈刚等.应用TM图像监测及评估林火、虫害和洪涝灾害的理论与实践[J].环境遥感,1993,8(2):102-111.
[195]戴昌达.卫星遥感监测松毛虫灾[J].遥感信息,1991,(3):32-34.
[196]武红敢,石进.松毛虫灾害的TM影像监测技术[J].遥感学报,2004,8(2):172-177.
[197]郭志华.RS在森林病虫害监测研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(4):73-81.
[198]Radeloff V.C.,Boyce M.S.,Mladenoff D.J..Effects of interacting disturbances on landscape patterns:Budworm defoliation and salvage logging[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(1):233-247.
[199]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统--原理、方法和应用[J].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[200]肖化顺.森林资源监测中林业3S技术的应用现状与展望[J].林业资源管理,2004,(2):53-58.
[201]曾庆伟.GPS测量技术在林业管理工作中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2008,2:51-52.
[202]Environmental Systems Research Institute.ESRI Shapefile Technical Description-An ESRIWhite Paper.Redlands,CA,USA,1997.
[203]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统-原理、方法和应用。北京:科学出版社,2001.27-37.
[204]Micrsoft Corporation著,微软(中国)公司译.Visual Basic6.0中文版程序员指南.北京希望电脑公司,1998.
[205]http:supportesrichina-bj.cn/csrilink/techdoctype.php?doctype=side
[206]Makki S.A.M.,Pissinou Niki,Daroux Philippe.2003.Mobile and Wireless Internet Access.Computer Communications 26:734-746.
[207]ESRI产品介绍白皮书http://www.esrichina-bj.cn/produce/ESRI/what's%20arcgis.pdf
[208]邢国庆等.J2EE应用与Bea Weblogic Server[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1-12.
[209]Yu Ping,Kostas Kontogiannis et al.Transforming Legacy Web Applications to the MVC Architecture.0-7695-2218-1/04,IEEE.
[210]Nan Chen and Kai kuang Ma.Java's Future and Opportunity.IT Professional,2004,6(4):19-25.
[211]刘波,王克宏.Java程序设计.北京:清华出版社,2000,1-817.
[212]邵学红,孙朝辉.计算机在赤松毛虫综合治理中的应用研究[J].吉林林业科技,1998,134(3):11-14.
[213]Wu S.Y.and M.S..System Analysis and Design.West Publish Company,1994:64-66.
[214]Whitten J.L..Systems Analysis and Design Methods.Richard D.Irwin,Inc,2001(2):76-78.
[215]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,4,13-20.
[216]马威,吕文哲,曹瑞.信息系统开发教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,1-110.
[217]福塔(英),译者:钟鸣.SQL必知必会[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,1-199
[218]Sun Microsystems,Inc.Developing Enterprise Applications.URL:http://java.sun.com/j2ee/blueprint
[219]梁刚.面向企业信息系统的J2EE.计算机与应用[J].2002,3-10.
[220]Rod Johnson.J2EE Development Frameworks.IEEE Computer,2005,38(1):107-110.
[221]Ted Husted,Cedric Dumoulin,George Franciscus et al.Struts in Action:Building Web Applications with the Leading Java Framework.Manning Publications:2002,11.
[222]Eric Altendorf,Moses Hohman and Roman Zabicki.Using J2EE on a Large Web-Based Project.IEEE Software,2002,19(2):81-89.
[223]王炜等.JavaBeans组件程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999,10-20.
[224]胡泳,张志浩,陈福民.一种新型的基于JAVA技术的WEB应用服务体系结构模 型[J].计算机系统应用.2000,3-20.
[225]川岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Web服务核心支撑技术[J],软件学报,2004,15(3).
[226]潘宏阳,朱新飞,张春美等.西部林业重点工程建设中的森林病虫害防治问题及对策[J].中国森林病虫,2001,(6):36-38.
[227]Davis M.Struts,an open-source MVC implementation,www-900.ibm.com.2002-2-1.
[228]Song Y.H.,Long K.L..Use of Geographical Information System in analyzing large area distribution and dispersal of rice insects in South Ko-real[J].1993,32(3):307-316.
[229]Eckel B.Thinking in pattems with Java[M].Engle Wood Gliffs,Prenticc Hall,2001.
[230]余芳艾.北京市美国白蛾虫害监测信息系统研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008,13-43.
[2]郭宝松.在垦区林业有害生物防治培训班上的讲话[R].2007,6.
[3]林惠彬.基于GIS的福建烟草病虫害管理信息系统构建[D].福建农林大学,2008,2-15.
[4]贾涛.基于Web的森林病虫鼠害通用管理信息系统的研究与实现[D].东北林业大学,2007,1-55.
[5]张培,叶建仁,徐克勤.试论林木病虫害防治信息的数字化、网络化建设[J].江苏林业科技,2005,32(3):47-49.
[6]周定辉.基于GIS的县级林业有害生物管理系统研究[D].中国林业科学研究院,2006,1-27.
[7]王永杰,高骏,周振红.基于GIS的环境分析评价[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2004,25(2):63-65.
[8]饶卫民,章家恩,肖红生,等.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用现状概述[J].云南地理环境研究,2004,16(2):13-17.
[9]郝力,张晶.城市地理信息系统及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002,16-39.
[10]Environmental Systems Research Institute,Inc.Understanding GIS-The ARC/INFO Method[M].Redlands California,USA:1995.
[11]马彦琳.试论地理信息系统与地球系统科学的关系[J].干旱区地理,1998,21(2):82-87.
[12]李德仁.当前国际GIS的研究和应用现状.见:RS、GIS、GPS的集成与应用[M].北京:测绘出版社,1995,20-32.
[13]李斌.我国GIS软件工业面临的机遇和挑战[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1999,37-48.
[14]边馥苓.地理信息系统原理和方法[M].北京:测绘出版社,1996,15-30.
[15]胡存,田佳桂.GIS在农业信息管理与农业区划中的应用[J].天津农业科学,1998,4(2):34-37.
[16]褚庆全,李林.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用及其发展趋势[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(1):22-26.
[17]王家耀.空间信息系统原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,83-84.
[18]马荣华等.数字地球时代“3S”集成的发展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(1):89-96.
[19]徐翠云.地理信息系统的应用现状及发展趋势[J].地质找矿论丛,2001,16(1):52-56.
[20]张萍,王岚等.GIS在市政设施管理中的应用[J].城市管理与科技,2000,12(2):41-44.
[21]陆守一,唐小明,王国胜.地理信息系统实用教程(2版)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000,32-43.
[22]马晓岚.GIS-沟通世界的语言[J/OL].科学网,2006,11(8).
[23]李德仁,李清泉.地球空间信息学与数字地球[N].电子科技导报,1999.
[24]褚庆全,李林.地理信息系统(GIS)在农业上的应用及其发展趋势[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(1):22-26.
[25]周洁敏.GIS的发展及在林业上的应用(综述)[J].林业资源管理,1996,(1):58-62.
[26]石树刚,郑振楣,何炎祥,等.地理信息系统(GIS)概述[J].交通与计算机,1995,13(3):1-5.
[27]吴信才.地理信息系统的基本技术与发展动态[J].中国地质大学学报,1998,23(4):329-333.
[28]张祖勋,黄明智.时态GIS数据结构的研讨[J].测绘通报,1996,1:19-22.
[29]方裕,陈斌,薛巍巍.开放式地理信息系统应用平台的理论与实现[J].中国图像图形学报,1998,3(10):859-871.
[30]Henry T.The Spatial Data Transfer Standard[J].Cartography and Geographic Information System,1994.
[31]Coppock J.T.,Rhind D.W..The history of GIS[J].Geographic Information System,1991.
[32]Enrique R.Vivoni,Richard Camilli.2003.Real-time streaming of environmental field data.Computers & Geosciences 29:457-468.
[33]Carlos Serodio,Boaventura Cunha,Raul Moraisb,Garlos Couto,Joao onteiro.2001.A networked platform for agricultural management systems.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.31(1):75-90.
[34]安如,王慧麟,冯学智.江苏省1∶5万基础地理信息更新集成技术特点探析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2002,(2):88-192.
[35]Elmes G.A.,et al.,Know ledge-based geographic information systems on the Macintosh computer:a component of the Gypses project.Proc.USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Res.Rev.1990.USDA For.Serv Gen.Tech.Rep NE-146.eds.W.Gottschalk.M.,J.Twery,S.I.Smith,Washington D C:USDA.1991.58.
[36]马明栋,武文波,宋伟东.地理信息系统发展趋势[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000,19(2):152-155.
[37]吴升,王家耀.近年来地理信息系统的技术走向[J].测绘通报,2000,(3):20-24.
[38]秦其明,曹五丰,陈杉.Mirage GIS地理信息系统实用教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001,10-39.
[39]Batty,6.New technology and GIS ln:Longely,P.A.,Goodchild M.F.,Maguire D.J.and Rhind D.W.Geographical Information Systems(Volume 1):Principles and Technical Issues(Second Edition)NY:John Wiley&sons,1NC.,1999,Chapter 17,309-16.
[40]Goodchild.M.Integrating Gis and spatial data analysis:problems and possibilities.International Journal of Geographical Information system,1992,6(5):407-423.
[41]Buehler K.and McKee L.The Open Gis Guide(Third Edition),Wayland,Massachusetts:Open GIS Consortium,Inc.,1998.
[42]Molenaar M.Object hierarchies and uncertainty in GIS or why standardization is So difficult GIS,(4):22-28,1993.
[43]Andrew S.Tanenbaum.1996.Computer networks.(Third editor).Prentice Hall Intecnation,lnc.100-150.
[44]王小立.数据访问对象ADO及其应用[J].安徽电力职工大学学报,2002,7(1):34-49.
[45]何楚林.计算机编绘林业地图的技术方法研究[J].热带林业,1997,25(3):118-125.
[46]Buffington K.et al.Comparison oI techniques for mapping gypsy moth defoliation.ASPRS/ACSM/RT 92.1992.5:177-185.
[47]陈志泊,李冬梅,王春玲.数据库原理及应用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,101-122.
[48]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002,10-30.
[49]http://www garmin.com/support/commProtocol.html
[50]http://dev yesky corn/317/2306317.shtml
[51]David K.,Peter L.et al.Vistual GIS:A Real2Time 3D Geographic Information System [A].Proceedings of IEEE Visualization,95[C].[s.1.]:[S.n.],1995.
[52]何志文.我国制图技术发展现状[J].数字制图.1995,(1):59-136.
[53]龙新毛,刘放光.地理信息系统应用于森林分布图制作的初步分析研究[J].林业资源管理,2000,(6):21-27.
[54]毋河海,龚健雅.地理信息系统(GIS)空间数据结构与处理技术[M].北京测绘出版社,1997,25-46.
[55]廖志文,陈京元,高攀.遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].湖北林业科技,2003,(4):30-32.
[56]李登科.遥感技术在病虫害调查中的应用[J].陕西气象,1998,(3):27-30.
[57]武红敢.卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].世界林业研究, 1995,(2):24-29.
[58]张超,陈丙咸,邬伦.地理信息系统[M].高等教育出版社,2000,334-337.
[59]闾国年,张书亮,龚敏霞等.地理信息系统集成原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版,2003,46-47.
[60]傅肃性.地理信息系统的理论与应用发展[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(2):192-199.
[61]梁红莲,刘登忠.GIS应用现状及发展趋势探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):68-92.
[62]郭银燕.地理信息系统及其农业应用[J].农业现代化研究,1996,17(2):119-121.
[63]韩笋生,彭震.GIS在国外城市规划中的应用[J].国外城市规划,2001,(1):42-44
[64]XinhaoWang,Bruce Stauffer.Application of GIS for environmental impact analysis in a traffic relief study[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,1995,19(4):275-286.
[65]国家环保总局.全国环境统计公报[R].2002.
[66]张为人,徐惠民,范健.基于GIS的环境事故应急监测技术支持系统[J],辽宁城乡环境科技,2004,24(4):15-17.
[67]Liebhold A.M.et al.,Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insectecology.Annu.Rev.En-tom o1.1993,38:303-327
[68]周立阳,高增祥,李典漠.害虫预测预报的生态学基础和应用技术研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(6):1013-1019.
[69]http://sports.sohu.com/64/8.5/news208588564.shtml
[70]Satyanarayana B,Raman A.V.Application of GIS in the preparation of species distributional maps for coringa mangroves based on ground truth data[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Editions),2004,(4):13-18.
[71]Shao Guo-fan,Dai Li-rain,Li Ying-shan.FORESTAR:A decision-support system for multi-objective forest management in Northeast China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2003,14(2):141-145.
[72]Makki S.A.M.,Pissinou Niki,Daroux Philippe.2003.Mobile and Wireless Internet Access.Computer Communications 26:734-746.
[73]Coleman D.J.Geographical information systems in networked environments In:Longely Goodchild P.A.,Maevire N.F.and Rhind D.W.Geographical Information Systems (Volumel):Principles and Technical Issues(Second Edition) NY:John Wiley & sons,INC.,1999,Chapter;253-256.
[74]Hermann Speckmann,Gerhard Jahns.1999.Development and application of an agricultural BUS for data transfer.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.23:219-237.
[75]Adam N.R.and Gangopadhyay A.Database Issues in Geographic Information Systems,Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1997.
[76]张建锋,房义福,宋玉民.GIS在森林景观监测方向的应用[J].浙江林业科技,2000,(20):50-53.
[77]袁亚东.GIS在森林资源现状分析中的应用[J].林业勘查设计,2000,(1):72-73.
[78]白降丽,庚晓红,彭道黎.“3S”集成技术在林业中的应用现状及发展趋势[J].中南林业调查规划,2004,23(4):52-55.
[79]岳彩荣.“3S”技术及其在林业上的应用与展望[J].林业资源管理,1999,3:70-75.
[80]Franco Lopez Hector,Alan E.R.,Bauer Marvin E.Estimation and mapping of forest stand density,volume,and cover type using the knearest neighbors method[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,77(3):251-274.
[81]Halme M,Tomppo E.Improving the accuracy of multisource forest inventory estimates to reducing plot location errora multicriteria approach[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,78(3):321-327.
[82]McRoberts R E.Using a land cover classification based on satellite imagery to improve the precision of forest inventory area estimates[J]Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,81(1):36-44.
[83]Gills M D,Pick R D,Leckie D G Satellite imagery asssists in the assessment of hail damage for salvage harvest[J].The Forestry Chronicle.1990.(10):463-468.
[84]Smeulders A W M,Worring M,Santini S,et al.Content Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2000,22(12):1349-1379.
[85]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,42-58.
[86]Wu S.Y.,and M.S.System Analysis and Design.West Publish Company,1994,64-66.
[87]Clement G,Larouche C,Gouin D,et al.OGDI:Toward Interoperability among Geospatial Databases[J].SIGMOD Record,1997,26(3):18-23.
[88]FGDC.Federal Geographic Data Committee.Content Standards for Digital Geo-spatial Metadata,1994.
[89]李翔.农作物管理地理信息系统的设计与建立[D].河南业大学,2003,4-27.
[90]缪天宇.基于Web的森林病虫害防治决策专家系统的研究与实现[D].东北林业大学,2007,1-53.
[91]ESRI中国(北京)有限公司网站.http://www.esrichina-bj.cn.
[92]鹰图中国有限公司.http://www.intergraph.com.cn/.
[93]http://www.mapworld.com.cn/mapinfo.htm
[94]http://www.mapgis.com.cn/product.htm
[95]http://www.geostar.com.cn/
[96]httpa/www.supermap.com.cn/
[97]李成德.森林昆虫学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004,5-394.
[98]骆社周.森林病虫害预测预报系统的设计与研发[D].北京中国地质大学,2006,30-37.
[99]赵良平,叶建仁,曹国江等.森林健康理论与病虫害可持续控制-对美国林业考察的思[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):5-9.
[100]北大荒信息港 http://www.chinabdh.com/
[101]韩波,郭宝松.黑龙江农垦林业志[M].沈阳:天辰设计印刷,2004,7-55.
[102]http://www fs.fed.usJforesthealth
[103]武红敢,陈改英.基于3“S”和网络技术的森林病虫害监测与管理系统[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(4):32-36.
104]http://www fs.fed.us/foresthealth/pubsindex.shtml
[105]Potter W.D.,Deng X.,Li J.,Xu M.,Lappasl W.Y.,Twery M.J.,Bennett D.J..Awebbased expert system for gypsymoth risk assessment[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2000,27(1-3):95-105.
[106]赵海泉.地理信息全球定位遥感技术及计算机在美国林业管理中的应用[J].甘肃林业科技,1994,1:45-46.
[107]Mackey H.E.,Jensen L.R..Remote sensing of wetlands applications overview.Proc.First Workshop on Videography.Amen Soc.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.1988.32-33.
[108]Schroeder P.Biomass estimation for temperate broadleaf forests of the United States using inventory data[J].Forest Science,1997,42(3):424-434.
[109]Elmes G.A..Knowledge-based geographic information systems on the Macintosh computer:acomponent of the GYPSES project[A].USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Res[C].1991.58
[110]William M.C..Remote sensing in forest health protection[J].USDA Forest Service,2001.
[111]Loh Douglas K,Holtfrerich David R,Stipdonk Stacy E.P.Automated construction of rule bases for forest resource planning[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1998,21(2):117-133.
[112]Loh Douglas K,Van Stipdonk Stacy E.P,Holtfrerich David R.,Yi-Te C.Hsieh.Spatially Constrained reasoning for the determination of wild life foraging areas[J].Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,1996.15(4):323-334.
[113]周秀明,宋蛰存.信息技术在森林病虫害测报中的应用现状[J].森林工程, 2006,22(6):1-3.
[114]赵良平,潘宏阳,王福祥等.澳大利亚病虫害和森林病虫害防治技术给我们的启迪与思考(Ⅱ)[J].中国森林病虫,2004,23(3):36-41.
[115]Muzika.R.M.,Grushecky.S.T.,Liebhold.A.M.,et al.Using thinning as a management for gypsymoth:the influence on small mammal abundance[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,192(2-3):349-359.
[116]薛贤清,慕康治,崔力等.国外森林害虫监测与预报的科技进展(下)[J].世界林业研究,1993:29-34.
[117]Power J M.Decision support system for the forest insect and disease survey and for past management[J].For Chron,1988,64:132-135.
[118]Coulson.R.N..Knowledhe system environment for integrated pest management in forest landscapes:the southern pine beetle(Coleoptera:Scolyt idae)[J].Bull Entomol Sco Am,1989,35:26-32.
[119]Parker.H.D..The unique qualities of a geographic information system:A commentary.Photogrammetric Engineering and Kemote Sensing.1988.54:1547-1549
[120]Liebhold.A.M.et al.,Geostatistics and geographic information systems in applied insect ecology.Annu.Rev.Entomol.1993,38:303-327.
[121]Roberts.E.A.et al..Spatial data representation for integrated pest management programs.Am Entomol.1993,39(2):92-107.
[122]Twery.M.J.et al..Using GIS to assess gypsy moth hazard.In Proc.ASPRS/ACSM 1990 Annu.conv.,Bethesda,MD:Am.Soc.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.1990,3:284-290.
[123]国家林业局植树病虫害司,国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站.森林病虫害监测预报应用程序[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2002,4-5.
[124]http://fhm.fs.fed.us/ism/index.shtm
[125]叶建仁.中国森林病虫害防治现状与展望[C].2003华东植物病理学术研讨会,2003.
[126]孙淑清,罗继生,李庆君.现代技术在我国森林病虫害监测管理中的应用[J].防护林科技,2004,59(2):38-39.
[127]Lachowski.H.et al..Integrating remote sensing with GIS[J].Journal of Forestry,1992,(12):16-21.
[128]Maclean.A.L.et al..Using GIS to estimate forest resource changes[J].Journal of Forestry,1992,(12):22-26.
[129]Grove.M..Social forestry and GIS[J].Journal of forestry.1992,(12):10-15.
[130]Bain.S..Forest service remote sensing summary[M].USDA For.Serv.Eng..Washington DC
[131]Parks B.O..A spatial model and geographic information system for state-wide assessment of risks due to gypsy moth infestation in Michigan[J].Gypsy Moth Annu Rev,1986,160-172.
[132]倪绍祥,蒋建军,王杰臣.遥感与GIS在蝗虫灾害防治研究中的应用进展[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(1):97-100.
[133]王海国,周宝华,程遐年.地理信息系统及其在害虫治理中的应用[J].1997,34(6):366-370.
[134]郭志华,肖文发,张真等.RS在森林病虫害监测研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,11(4):73-81.
[135]张星耀,骆有庆.中国森林重大生物灾害[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003,12.
[136]崔立军,孙振伟,韩逢时.GPS技术在森林资源一、二类调查中的应用[J].林业勘查设计,2002,(3):81-82.
[137]黎镇湘,张晓丽,张锁成等.RS与GIS集成技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].河北林业研究,2004,19(4):371-379.
[138]郝涛,钱庆,石道良.地理信息系统在我国森林病虫害信息管理中的应用[J].湖北林业科技,2005,3:46-49.
[139]王国和.昆虫性信息素在森林害虫监测和防治中的应用[J].山西林业科技,2005,3:26-28.
[140]龙晶,徐坚,汪国华,等.松毛虫灾害遥感监测研究[J].林业资源管理,1996,(5):74-76.
[141]徐华潮,吴鸿,傅丽青.森林害虫综合治理研究[J].浙江林业科技,2002,3(2):74-77.
[142]刘森,张贵,肖化顺.3S在森林病虫害预警中的应用与展望[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2004,10(4):295-297.
[143]马小明,叶文虎,李天生,等.松毛虫综合管理信息系统研究[J].林业科学研究,1993,(6):28-32.
[144]Kaneyuki nakane.yoshinori kimura.Assessment of pine forest damage by blight based on Landsat TM data and correlation with environmental factors.Ecological Research.1992,(7):9-18.
[145]石根生,李典漠.地理信息系统与森林病虫害[J].森林病虫通讯,1996,(3):38-44.
[146]胡文英,赵耘.地理信息系统在林业上的应用现状及其前景[J].西部林业科学,2004,33(2):100-102.
[147]周国娜,高宝嘉,黄选瑞,等.地理信息系统在植物病虫害研究中的应用[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(9):212-216.
[148]Brockhaus J.A.,Khorram S.et al.A comparison of Landsat TM and SPOT HRV data for use in the development of forest defoliation modes.International Journal of Remote Sensing.1992,13(6):3235-3240.
[149]王淑芬,张真,陈亮等.马尾松毛虫防治决策专家系统[J].林业科学,1992,28(1):31-38.
[150]马小明,叶支虎,李天生,等.马尾松毛虫计算机预测预报系统-FIMS-1[J].林业科技通讯,1990,(1):20-23.
[151]尹泰龙,佟影,王永明,等。落叶松落叶病测报管理微机决策支持系统[J].森林病虫通讯,1991,(3):44-45.
[152]周嘉熹,于新文,邵崇斌等.杨树天牛综合管理专家系统[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(2):51-55.
[153]吴坚,马小明,李志清等.航空录像遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].林业科学研究,1994,7(5):579-584.
[154]高景斌,周卫,叶勤文等.应用GIS对松材线虫病进行信息管理[J].森林病虫通讯,1997,(3):20-22.
[155]武红敢.卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(2):24-29.
[156]杨存建,陈德清,魏一鸣等.遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式[J].灾害学,1999,14(1):6-10.
[157]王阿川,岳书奎,王志英,等.樟子松球果象甲防治决策的专家系统(PPPES)[J].东北林业大学学报,1998,26(2):21-24.
[158]杨秀好.森林病虫害信息管理系统的研究[J].广西林业科学,1999,28(1):20-23.
[159]薛贤清,温绍生.森林害虫综合管理的专家系统[J].森林病虫通讯,1990,(2)::48-51.
[160]景天忠,王志英.基于分布式数据库的森林病虫害信息网络框架设计与应用[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):24-26.
[161]张培,叶建仁,徐福元.计算机技术在我国林业有害生物管理中的应用[J].江苏林业科技,2006,33(2):48-55.
[162]陈建春.Visual C~(++)开发GIS系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004,11-457.
[163]曹文田,刘猛,马小明等.全国森林病虫害防治管理信息系统[J].中国森林病虫,2000,(4):27-31.
[164]http://slbch.org/project/hfiles/tnew2.htm
[165]武红敢,石进,蒋丽雅等.3S技术在安徽省森林病虫害监测与管理中的应用[J].昆虫与环境,2001,286-292.
[166]杨毅,张珍荫,周汝良等.基于GIS的森林病虫害防治系统的设计与实现[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,25(4):353-356.
[167]徐桂莲,张忠辉,高长启.GIS支持下的落叶松八齿小蠢的测报技术[J].东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):57-58.
[168]詹新武,周世健.基于GIS技术的森林病虫害防治管理信息系统[J].中国森林病虫,2005,24(1):25-28.
[169]武红敢,陈改英.基于3“S”和网络技术的森林病虫害监测与管理系统[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(4):32-36.
[170]赵朋.基于GIS的苹果病虫害管理信息系统的研究与开发[D].中国农业大学,2005,3:11-21.
[171]曹咏梅.广东省森林病虫害远程诊断系统的设计研究[D].中南林业科技大学,2006,1-73
[172]Michael F.Goodchild,Future Direction in Geographic Information Science,Geographic Information Sciences,1999,Volume 5 Number 1,3-5.
[173]宋玉双,韩少敏.对加强我国森林病虫害治理工作的思考[J].森林病虫通讯,1999,42-44.
[174]Lin Hui,Peng Changhui.Geonraphic Information forestry:Problems and Prospects[J].Forestry Studies in China,2000,2(1):37-48.
[175]Mcdonald A.J.,Gemmell F.M.,Lewis P.E..Investigation of the utility of spectral vegetation indices for determining information on coniferous forests[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,66(2):250-272.
[176]Fraser Gemmell and Jail Varjo..Utility of reflectance model inversion versus tow spectral indices for estimating biophysical characteristics in a boreal forest test site[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1999,68(1):95-111.
[177]杨秀好.基于GIS的县级林业有害生物监测数据采集与管理系统研究[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2005,1-38.
[178]谢明玉,王胜兴.森林病虫害防治信息系统应用关键点分析[J].内蒙古林业,2003,(11):38-39.
[179]武红敢,蒋丽雅.提升GPS林业应用精度与水平的方法[J].林业资源管理,2006,2:46-50.
[180]朱建华,陈顺立,张再福.森林病虫害预测预报[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2002,15-58.
[181]庞正轰.马尾松毛虫灾害预测预报综合技术研究[D].北京林业大学博士论文,2004,1-47.
[182]柴守权,尤德康,邱立新等.德昌松毛虫发生期与发生量的预测预报[J].林业科技,2003,28(2):22-24.
[183]张玉书,冯锐,陈鹏狮等.松毛虫发生期与气象条件关系[J].2004,25(3):26-28.
[184]孟庆繁,刘宽余,陶丽霞.大兴安岭落叶松毛虫发育进度预测的研究[J].吉林林学院学报,1996,12(3):134-136.
[185]赵清山.中国马尾松毛虫中长期预测预报研究[J].林业科学,1986,22(1):110-111.
[186]梁其伟.几种数学方法在马尾松毛虫预测预报上的应用研究[J].林业科学,1986,22(4):360-367.
[187]魏初奖,庄晨辉,谢大洋等.福建省马尾松毛虫灾区区划及其应用[J].南京林业大学学报,2002,26(3):35-39.
[188]刘光华,古德样,蒲哲龙.马尾松毛虫发生面积的预测研究[J].中山大学学报,1995.
[189]陈昌洁.松毛虫综合管理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990,15-30.
[190]冯世强,肖艳.“3S”集成技术在森林病虫害监测中应用的探讨[J].中国林副特产2005,2:47-48.
[191]周立.森林虫害监测与防治综合管理系统中3S集成技术实现[J].林业资源管理,1999,(1):59-62.
[192]梅安新,彭望碌,秦其明等.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001,28-58.
[193]金瑞华.浅谈生物灾害遥感监测[J].遥感信息,1991,(3):35-37.
[194]戴昌达,唐伶俐,陈刚等.应用TM图像监测及评估林火、虫害和洪涝灾害的理论与实践[J].环境遥感,1993,8(2):102-111.
[195]戴昌达.卫星遥感监测松毛虫灾[J].遥感信息,1991,(3):32-34.
[196]武红敢,石进.松毛虫灾害的TM影像监测技术[J].遥感学报,2004,8(2):172-177.
[197]郭志华.RS在森林病虫害监测研究中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(4):73-81.
[198]Radeloff V.C.,Boyce M.S.,Mladenoff D.J..Effects of interacting disturbances on landscape patterns:Budworm defoliation and salvage logging[J].Ecological Applications,2000,10(1):233-247.
[199]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统--原理、方法和应用[J].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[200]肖化顺.森林资源监测中林业3S技术的应用现状与展望[J].林业资源管理,2004,(2):53-58.
[201]曾庆伟.GPS测量技术在林业管理工作中的应用[J].中国科技信息,2008,2:51-52.
[202]Environmental Systems Research Institute.ESRI Shapefile Technical Description-An ESRIWhite Paper.Redlands,CA,USA,1997.
[203]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统-原理、方法和应用。北京:科学出版社,2001.27-37.
[204]Micrsoft Corporation著,微软(中国)公司译.Visual Basic6.0中文版程序员指南.北京希望电脑公司,1998.
[205]http:supportesrichina-bj.cn/csrilink/techdoctype.php?doctype=side
[206]Makki S.A.M.,Pissinou Niki,Daroux Philippe.2003.Mobile and Wireless Internet Access.Computer Communications 26:734-746.
[207]ESRI产品介绍白皮书http://www.esrichina-bj.cn/produce/ESRI/what's%20arcgis.pdf
[208]邢国庆等.J2EE应用与Bea Weblogic Server[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1-12.
[209]Yu Ping,Kostas Kontogiannis et al.Transforming Legacy Web Applications to the MVC Architecture.0-7695-2218-1/04,IEEE.
[210]Nan Chen and Kai kuang Ma.Java's Future and Opportunity.IT Professional,2004,6(4):19-25.
[211]刘波,王克宏.Java程序设计.北京:清华出版社,2000,1-817.
[212]邵学红,孙朝辉.计算机在赤松毛虫综合治理中的应用研究[J].吉林林业科技,1998,134(3):11-14.
[213]Wu S.Y.and M.S..System Analysis and Design.West Publish Company,1994:64-66.
[214]Whitten J.L..Systems Analysis and Design Methods.Richard D.Irwin,Inc,2001(2):76-78.
[215]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,4,13-20.
[216]马威,吕文哲,曹瑞.信息系统开发教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,1-110.
[217]福塔(英),译者:钟鸣.SQL必知必会[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007,1-199
[218]Sun Microsystems,Inc.Developing Enterprise Applications.URL:http://java.sun.com/j2ee/blueprint
[219]梁刚.面向企业信息系统的J2EE.计算机与应用[J].2002,3-10.
[220]Rod Johnson.J2EE Development Frameworks.IEEE Computer,2005,38(1):107-110.
[221]Ted Husted,Cedric Dumoulin,George Franciscus et al.Struts in Action:Building Web Applications with the Leading Java Framework.Manning Publications:2002,11.
[222]Eric Altendorf,Moses Hohman and Roman Zabicki.Using J2EE on a Large Web-Based Project.IEEE Software,2002,19(2):81-89.
[223]王炜等.JavaBeans组件程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999,10-20.
[224]胡泳,张志浩,陈福民.一种新型的基于JAVA技术的WEB应用服务体系结构模 型[J].计算机系统应用.2000,3-20.
[225]川岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Web服务核心支撑技术[J],软件学报,2004,15(3).
[226]潘宏阳,朱新飞,张春美等.西部林业重点工程建设中的森林病虫害防治问题及对策[J].中国森林病虫,2001,(6):36-38.
[227]Davis M.Struts,an open-source MVC implementation,www-900.ibm.com.2002-2-1.
[228]Song Y.H.,Long K.L..Use of Geographical Information System in analyzing large area distribution and dispersal of rice insects in South Ko-real[J].1993,32(3):307-316.
[229]Eckel B.Thinking in pattems with Java[M].Engle Wood Gliffs,Prenticc Hall,2001.
[230]余芳艾.北京市美国白蛾虫害监测信息系统研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008,13-43.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |