基于SOA的数字农务系统关键技术研究
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摘要
农业生产最本质的特征是经济再生产与自然再生产相互交织。在市场经济下,农业生产经营者总是千方百计追求最佳经济效益目标。目前的“数字农作系统”主要侧重于对农业产中领域信息流的数字化表达和整合、突出生产管理技术和精确农作,对经济效益最大化目标、信息咨询服务、农业产前和产后的商品流通关注不够。为了向农户提高覆盖农业产前、产中、产后全过程的决策支持服务,本研究提出了“数字农务系统”(Digital System for Agricultural Affairs, DSAA)概念,以面向服务架构(Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA)为基础,研究了作物模型与农业经济效益模型集成、Web服务组合、农业模型组件管理与复用等关键技术,并研制了基于SOA、农业模型和WebGIS集成的数字农务系统。
针对目前农业信息资源分散在不同的管理机构和决策单位、开发平台和开发语言各异所带来的数据共享与模型集成困难这一问题,本研究将面向服务的架构引入农业生产经营与评估决策支持领域,以经济效益目标驱动作物生产方案优化为主线,采用域分解与遗产系统分析相结合的方法,分别在田块和区域尺度上识别与抽取了“模型驱动数据-作物模型-效益模型-空间信息分析”业务过程中的Web服务,构建了基于农业模型与WebGIS集成的数字农务Web服务组合框架,从而为研制具有分布式、综合集成特征的数字农务系统提供了基础。
针对由于软件组件和组件框架的描述信息不统一限制了农业模型在分布式网络环境下的复用与管理能力这一问题,本研究提出了一种新的农业模型描述与表示方法。它以模型组件描述信息为元数据来生成不同层次主题图。首先分析农业模型特征,建立农业模型与模型组件之间的映射关系；然后抽取农业模型组件刻面与关联描述信息,构建了农业模型组件描述模型(DM-AMC),进一步将DM-AMC表示为主题类型、关联类型、事件类型以及关联角色；接下来通过实例化并采用匹配融合算法生成了面向农业模型组件的主题图(TM-AMC);最后以作物生育期模型为例,生成了统一描述与可动态扩展的原子主题图XTM文档。通过对农业模型信息的统一描述,并以DM-AMC为基础生成多层次、便于统一访问的TM-AMC,提升了农业模型信息的全局共享与管理能力,为充分利用分散在不同单位的农业模型组件生成候选Web服务提供了技术支撑。
针对模型驱动数据的远程调用以及模型计算次数剧增带来的模型运行响应时间长这一问题,本研究提出了基于缓存机制的作物模型Web服务并发处理方案。通过综合分析作物模型Web服务的组合结构、数据Web服务的通信特性以及作物模型Web服务的响应时间特征,以多线程处理和数据缓存技术为基础,设计了基于缓存机制的作物模型Web服务并发处理方案；并以作物栽培管理知识模型Web服务为测试对象,在真实网络环境下,验证了该方案的有效性。结果表明,在单用户多地点请求和多用户多地点请求情况下,采用并发处理方案分别可以缩短32%和35%的模型服务响应时间,极大地提高了模型的多用户并发处理能力。研究结果为作物模型的区域应用提供了技术支撑。
最后以基于农业模型与WebGIS集成的数字农务Web服务组合框架为基础,集成作物栽培管理知识模型、效益测算模型以及WebGIS空间分析业务功能,研制了基于SOA的数字农务系统(SOA based Digital System for Agricultural Affairs, DSAA-SOA).该系统采用契约优先的Web服务开发方法封装农业模型Web服务；以ArcGIS Service和Model Builder为开发平台,给出了动态专题图和空间插值Web服务的实现方法；系统具有系统管理、数据管理、生产决策、效益测算、信息查询、专家咨询、数字地图等产前、产中、产后一体化信息服务功能。系统在江宁土桥镇的应用实例表明,利用SOA技术可以整合农务数据、农业模型和WebGIS,从而提高农业模型在区域应用中的共享能力。
Agriculture is characterized by the interweaving of natural reproduction and economic reproduction. In market economy, farmers always try every means to achieve optimal economic benefits. However, the existing digital farming system, which focused on digital expression and integration of farming information stream, production supervision and precision farming, paid less attention to the aim of optimal economic benefits, commodity circulation during pre-production and post-production, or consultation services. In order to provide farmers with decision-making assistance in the whole process of agricultural production and management, including pre-production, production and post-production, the concept of Digital System for Agricultural Affairs (DSAA) was introduced in this paper. Key techniques of integration of crop models and economic benefit models, combination of web services, management and reusage of agricultural model components were studied on the basis of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Finally, a SOA-based Digital System for Agricultural Affairs (DSAA-SOA) was designed and implemented by integrating agricultural models and WebGIS.
Since existing agricultural databases, consultation and information service systems, agricultural models and decision-making support systems developed with different programming languages and on different platforms, were distributed among a lot of administrational or decision-making organizations, it was very difficult for these agricultural information resources to share or integrate. Web service technology is an efficient implementation approach to constructing comprehensively integrated system. By applying service-oriented architecture to the decision-making support domain of agricultural production, management and evaluation, taking the economic benefit and optimization of management practices as objectives, and by integrating the methods of domain decomposition and legacy system analysis, web services were extracted from the process of "model-driven data, crop models, benefit model, spatial information analysis", on field-scale and region-scale, respectively. The framework of web services based on the integration of agricultural models and WebGIS was constructed, which laid a foundation for developing distributed and comprehensive digital system for agricultural affairs.
For improving the capability of model resource sharing and management for different agricultural disciplines, the study proposed a new approach to description and representation of agricultural models, which used the description information of model components as meta-data to generate the topic maps at different levels. Firstly, the study analyzed the characteristics of agricultural models, established the mapping relationships between agricultural models and model components, and then extracted information on the facets and relationship descriptions of agricultural model components and constructed the Description Model for Agricultural Model Components (DM-AMC). Further, the DM-AMC was represented as topic type, association type, occurrence type and association role. Finally, the Topic Maps for Agricultural Model Components (TM-AMC) was constructed by taking example and using matching and merging algorithms. With crop phasic development model as example, the study generated the XML documents of atomic topic maps with the characters of unified description and dynamic expansion. The results indicated that a unified description on agricultural model information and generation of multi-level and easy-accessed TM-AMC based on DM-AMC could enhance capability of general sharing and management with agricultural model information, which was helpful in taking full advantage of agricultural model components distributed among different organizations to make candidate web services.
Using data web services to access meteorological data and soil data at multi-location was a good solution to settling data source needed in the implementation of regional application of crop models on field-scale, but in the mean time a remarkable increase in the times of data remote call and model computing resulted in a problem of long responding time of crop model. In order to improve the responding time of crop model web services, the concurrent processing scenario of crop model web services based on caching mechanism was proposed in this paper. By comprehensively analyzing the combination structure of crop model web services, communication features of data web services and responding time feature of crop model web services, the concurrent processing scenario of crop model web services was designed based on multi-thread processing and data caching technology. With web services of crop management knowledge model as the testing target, the effectiveness of concurrent processing scenario was verified in a real network environment. The result indicated that the responding time of crop model web service with concurrent processing scenario reduced32%and35%for single-user at multi-location and multi-user at multi-location, respectively, which improved the model ability for multi-user concurrent processing. These results could provide the technical support for regional application of crop model.
By integrating crop management knowledge models, economic benefit models, and WebGIS spatial analysis functions on the framework of web service combination, a DSAA-SOA was developed. Web service development approach of contract first was adopted to envelope web services of agricultural models. With ArcGIS Service and Model Builder as development platform, the approach to the development of dynamic thematic map web service and spatial interpolation web service was presented. DSAA-SOA realized comprehensive service functions such as system management, data management, management decision-making, economic benefit calculation, information consultation, digital map, covering the process of pre-production, production and post-production. The case study of DSAA-SOA at Tuqiao town indicated that it was feasible to use SOA technology to integrate agricultural data, models and WebGIS, and enchance the capability of agricultural model sharing in the region-scale application.
针对目前农业信息资源分散在不同的管理机构和决策单位、开发平台和开发语言各异所带来的数据共享与模型集成困难这一问题,本研究将面向服务的架构引入农业生产经营与评估决策支持领域,以经济效益目标驱动作物生产方案优化为主线,采用域分解与遗产系统分析相结合的方法,分别在田块和区域尺度上识别与抽取了“模型驱动数据-作物模型-效益模型-空间信息分析”业务过程中的Web服务,构建了基于农业模型与WebGIS集成的数字农务Web服务组合框架,从而为研制具有分布式、综合集成特征的数字农务系统提供了基础。
针对由于软件组件和组件框架的描述信息不统一限制了农业模型在分布式网络环境下的复用与管理能力这一问题,本研究提出了一种新的农业模型描述与表示方法。它以模型组件描述信息为元数据来生成不同层次主题图。首先分析农业模型特征,建立农业模型与模型组件之间的映射关系；然后抽取农业模型组件刻面与关联描述信息,构建了农业模型组件描述模型(DM-AMC),进一步将DM-AMC表示为主题类型、关联类型、事件类型以及关联角色；接下来通过实例化并采用匹配融合算法生成了面向农业模型组件的主题图(TM-AMC);最后以作物生育期模型为例,生成了统一描述与可动态扩展的原子主题图XTM文档。通过对农业模型信息的统一描述,并以DM-AMC为基础生成多层次、便于统一访问的TM-AMC,提升了农业模型信息的全局共享与管理能力,为充分利用分散在不同单位的农业模型组件生成候选Web服务提供了技术支撑。
针对模型驱动数据的远程调用以及模型计算次数剧增带来的模型运行响应时间长这一问题,本研究提出了基于缓存机制的作物模型Web服务并发处理方案。通过综合分析作物模型Web服务的组合结构、数据Web服务的通信特性以及作物模型Web服务的响应时间特征,以多线程处理和数据缓存技术为基础,设计了基于缓存机制的作物模型Web服务并发处理方案；并以作物栽培管理知识模型Web服务为测试对象,在真实网络环境下,验证了该方案的有效性。结果表明,在单用户多地点请求和多用户多地点请求情况下,采用并发处理方案分别可以缩短32%和35%的模型服务响应时间,极大地提高了模型的多用户并发处理能力。研究结果为作物模型的区域应用提供了技术支撑。
最后以基于农业模型与WebGIS集成的数字农务Web服务组合框架为基础,集成作物栽培管理知识模型、效益测算模型以及WebGIS空间分析业务功能,研制了基于SOA的数字农务系统(SOA based Digital System for Agricultural Affairs, DSAA-SOA).该系统采用契约优先的Web服务开发方法封装农业模型Web服务；以ArcGIS Service和Model Builder为开发平台,给出了动态专题图和空间插值Web服务的实现方法；系统具有系统管理、数据管理、生产决策、效益测算、信息查询、专家咨询、数字地图等产前、产中、产后一体化信息服务功能。系统在江宁土桥镇的应用实例表明,利用SOA技术可以整合农务数据、农业模型和WebGIS,从而提高农业模型在区域应用中的共享能力。
Agriculture is characterized by the interweaving of natural reproduction and economic reproduction. In market economy, farmers always try every means to achieve optimal economic benefits. However, the existing digital farming system, which focused on digital expression and integration of farming information stream, production supervision and precision farming, paid less attention to the aim of optimal economic benefits, commodity circulation during pre-production and post-production, or consultation services. In order to provide farmers with decision-making assistance in the whole process of agricultural production and management, including pre-production, production and post-production, the concept of Digital System for Agricultural Affairs (DSAA) was introduced in this paper. Key techniques of integration of crop models and economic benefit models, combination of web services, management and reusage of agricultural model components were studied on the basis of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Finally, a SOA-based Digital System for Agricultural Affairs (DSAA-SOA) was designed and implemented by integrating agricultural models and WebGIS.
Since existing agricultural databases, consultation and information service systems, agricultural models and decision-making support systems developed with different programming languages and on different platforms, were distributed among a lot of administrational or decision-making organizations, it was very difficult for these agricultural information resources to share or integrate. Web service technology is an efficient implementation approach to constructing comprehensively integrated system. By applying service-oriented architecture to the decision-making support domain of agricultural production, management and evaluation, taking the economic benefit and optimization of management practices as objectives, and by integrating the methods of domain decomposition and legacy system analysis, web services were extracted from the process of "model-driven data, crop models, benefit model, spatial information analysis", on field-scale and region-scale, respectively. The framework of web services based on the integration of agricultural models and WebGIS was constructed, which laid a foundation for developing distributed and comprehensive digital system for agricultural affairs.
For improving the capability of model resource sharing and management for different agricultural disciplines, the study proposed a new approach to description and representation of agricultural models, which used the description information of model components as meta-data to generate the topic maps at different levels. Firstly, the study analyzed the characteristics of agricultural models, established the mapping relationships between agricultural models and model components, and then extracted information on the facets and relationship descriptions of agricultural model components and constructed the Description Model for Agricultural Model Components (DM-AMC). Further, the DM-AMC was represented as topic type, association type, occurrence type and association role. Finally, the Topic Maps for Agricultural Model Components (TM-AMC) was constructed by taking example and using matching and merging algorithms. With crop phasic development model as example, the study generated the XML documents of atomic topic maps with the characters of unified description and dynamic expansion. The results indicated that a unified description on agricultural model information and generation of multi-level and easy-accessed TM-AMC based on DM-AMC could enhance capability of general sharing and management with agricultural model information, which was helpful in taking full advantage of agricultural model components distributed among different organizations to make candidate web services.
Using data web services to access meteorological data and soil data at multi-location was a good solution to settling data source needed in the implementation of regional application of crop models on field-scale, but in the mean time a remarkable increase in the times of data remote call and model computing resulted in a problem of long responding time of crop model. In order to improve the responding time of crop model web services, the concurrent processing scenario of crop model web services based on caching mechanism was proposed in this paper. By comprehensively analyzing the combination structure of crop model web services, communication features of data web services and responding time feature of crop model web services, the concurrent processing scenario of crop model web services was designed based on multi-thread processing and data caching technology. With web services of crop management knowledge model as the testing target, the effectiveness of concurrent processing scenario was verified in a real network environment. The result indicated that the responding time of crop model web service with concurrent processing scenario reduced32%and35%for single-user at multi-location and multi-user at multi-location, respectively, which improved the model ability for multi-user concurrent processing. These results could provide the technical support for regional application of crop model.
By integrating crop management knowledge models, economic benefit models, and WebGIS spatial analysis functions on the framework of web service combination, a DSAA-SOA was developed. Web service development approach of contract first was adopted to envelope web services of agricultural models. With ArcGIS Service and Model Builder as development platform, the approach to the development of dynamic thematic map web service and spatial interpolation web service was presented. DSAA-SOA realized comprehensive service functions such as system management, data management, management decision-making, economic benefit calculation, information consultation, digital map, covering the process of pre-production, production and post-production. The case study of DSAA-SOA at Tuqiao town indicated that it was feasible to use SOA technology to integrate agricultural data, models and WebGIS, and enchance the capability of agricultural model sharing in the region-scale application.
引文
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