回旋放大器注波互作用的数值模拟研究
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摘要
回旋放大器（主要指回旋速调管和回旋行波管）作为最主要的高功率毫米波放大器，所具有的高效率、高功率、高增益和宽频带等特性使得它们在毫米波通信、雷达、电子对抗和高功率微波武器等方面都有着及其广阔的应用前景，属于国际上一个研究热点。而注波互作用的研究是设计回旋放大器的关键环节之一，粒子能量调制以及与高频场的能量交换也在此过程中实现，互作用的强弱也直接决定着回旋放大器的各种输出性能，因此对注波互作用的计算与模拟非常重要。在国家“十一五”计划以及国家高新技术发展计划项目的支持下，作者开始了回旋放大器注波互作用的研究工作。
基于自洽非线性理论，本文主要对回旋放大器注波互作用进行了详细深入的数值计算研究，并利用FORTRAN语言在Compag Visual Fortran6.6程序编辑平台成功编制了拥有自主知识版权的回旋速调管注波互作用瞬态参量数值模拟软件和回旋行波管注波互作用稳态参量数值模拟软件。此款软件可以说填补了国内回旋速调放大器注波互作用参量模拟软件的空白，也弥补了国外参量模拟软件MAGY和MAGYKL对我国封锁禁运造成的不便，为我国回旋放大器的研制工作提供了重要的设计工具。
本文的主要研究成果和所反映的工作如下：
1.对回旋速调放大器高频系统进行了详细深入的数值计算研究，分析了介质加载突变结构谐振腔和波导渐变开放谐振腔高频特性随各个结构参数的变化规律，为高频系统的设计以及后面注波互作用的分析计算提供了先决条件。
2.详细推导了两种复数形式的适用于回旋速调管注波互作用的瞬态场方程，建立了电子速度零散的详细计算模型，并全面探讨了调制腔、中间腔和输出腔中注波互作用的理论模型和研究方法，为回旋速调管注波互作用数值计算的程序编制提供了坚实的理论基础和完整的系统框架。
3.详细深入地研究了注波互作用的数值计算流程以及中间变量的监控方法。利用FORTRAN语言在Compag Visual Fortran6.6程序编辑平台成功编制了拥有自主知识版权的回旋速调管注波互作用参量数值计算软件。经对比，发现当速度零散率为5%的时候，数值计算和实验结果较为吻合。
4.基于电子回旋脉塞色散方程和有源波动方程，分别对回旋行波放大器注波互作用的线性理论和非线性理论进行了详细的数值计算研究。并利用FORTRAN语言成功编制了回旋行波放大器注波互作用自洽非线性参量模拟程序。并以此设计了一支W波段基波回旋行波管注波互作用的初步模型，为回旋行波管注波互作用长度与增益的选取，饱和输出功率和增益的模拟提供了快速的计算方法。
As one of the most important High-power millimeter-wave amplifier, gyro-amplifiers(gyroklystron and gyro-TWT) have been paid a great attention because of its merits ofhigh efficiency, high power, high gain and suitable bandwidth. It can be used as themost important millimeter-wave sources for communication, radar, electronic warfareand high-power microwave weapons. Numerical simulations of the beam-waveinteraction for gyro-amplifier play an important role as they can accurately predictnonlinear effects that dominate the behavior of the device (e.g., output power, efficiencyand bandwidth). The author began research on the beam-wave interaction forgyro-amplifier by the support of the national11thFive-Year plan and the Chinese hi-techdevelopment.
Based on the nonlinear self-consistent theory, the numerical calculation of thebeam-wave interaction for gyro-amplifier has been studied in detail. Two parameternumerical calculation codes including the description of the electromagnetic fields and aself-consistent analysis of the electrons for gyro-amplifier are successfully designed andthe corresponding software implementations are achieved using Fortran language. Theyhave filled our country blank and made up an absence of the copyright of some otherexcellent codes, such as MAGY and MAGYKL. They also provide an importantcalculation tool for the design of gyro-amplifiers in our country.
The main work made in this paper is below:
1. Study on the numerical calculation of the high frequency characteristics of agyroklystron has been made in detail. The rules of the high frequencycharacteristics of the corresponding cavity with the structure parameters areanalyzed. This establishes prerequisites for the design of the high frequencystructure and the numerical calculation of the beam-wave interaction.
2. Two forms of the transient electromagnetic field equation for the gyroklystronare deduced in detail. The numerical calculation model of speedspread isestablished in detail. The theoretical model and the research method of thebeam-wave interaction in input cavity, idler cavity and output cavity are distinctly investigated for the first time. They provide a solid theoretical basisand a complete system frame for the calculation code of beam-waveinteraction.
3. The calculation model and flow process chart are studied in detail. Acalculation code of the beam-wave interaction for gyroklystron is successfullydesigned and the corresponding software implementation is achieved usingFortran language. When the speedspread is5%, the numerical results arecompared with the experimental datas, which shows that good agreements areobtained.
4. Based on the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Maser dispersion equation and theactive wave equations, study on the numerical calculation of the linear and thenonlinear theory has been made in detail. A calculation code of the beam-waveinteraction for Gyro-TWT is successfully designed using Fortran language. Apreliminary model of the beam-wave interaction for a W-band Gyro-TWT isgiven and analyzed using the above code. The code provides a fast method forcalculating the optimal interaction length, gain and the saturated output power.
基于自洽非线性理论，本文主要对回旋放大器注波互作用进行了详细深入的数值计算研究，并利用FORTRAN语言在Compag Visual Fortran6.6程序编辑平台成功编制了拥有自主知识版权的回旋速调管注波互作用瞬态参量数值模拟软件和回旋行波管注波互作用稳态参量数值模拟软件。此款软件可以说填补了国内回旋速调放大器注波互作用参量模拟软件的空白，也弥补了国外参量模拟软件MAGY和MAGYKL对我国封锁禁运造成的不便，为我国回旋放大器的研制工作提供了重要的设计工具。
本文的主要研究成果和所反映的工作如下：
1.对回旋速调放大器高频系统进行了详细深入的数值计算研究，分析了介质加载突变结构谐振腔和波导渐变开放谐振腔高频特性随各个结构参数的变化规律，为高频系统的设计以及后面注波互作用的分析计算提供了先决条件。
2.详细推导了两种复数形式的适用于回旋速调管注波互作用的瞬态场方程，建立了电子速度零散的详细计算模型，并全面探讨了调制腔、中间腔和输出腔中注波互作用的理论模型和研究方法，为回旋速调管注波互作用数值计算的程序编制提供了坚实的理论基础和完整的系统框架。
3.详细深入地研究了注波互作用的数值计算流程以及中间变量的监控方法。利用FORTRAN语言在Compag Visual Fortran6.6程序编辑平台成功编制了拥有自主知识版权的回旋速调管注波互作用参量数值计算软件。经对比，发现当速度零散率为5%的时候，数值计算和实验结果较为吻合。
4.基于电子回旋脉塞色散方程和有源波动方程，分别对回旋行波放大器注波互作用的线性理论和非线性理论进行了详细的数值计算研究。并利用FORTRAN语言成功编制了回旋行波放大器注波互作用自洽非线性参量模拟程序。并以此设计了一支W波段基波回旋行波管注波互作用的初步模型，为回旋行波管注波互作用长度与增益的选取，饱和输出功率和增益的模拟提供了快速的计算方法。
As one of the most important High-power millimeter-wave amplifier, gyro-amplifiers(gyroklystron and gyro-TWT) have been paid a great attention because of its merits ofhigh efficiency, high power, high gain and suitable bandwidth. It can be used as themost important millimeter-wave sources for communication, radar, electronic warfareand high-power microwave weapons. Numerical simulations of the beam-waveinteraction for gyro-amplifier play an important role as they can accurately predictnonlinear effects that dominate the behavior of the device (e.g., output power, efficiencyand bandwidth). The author began research on the beam-wave interaction forgyro-amplifier by the support of the national11thFive-Year plan and the Chinese hi-techdevelopment.
Based on the nonlinear self-consistent theory, the numerical calculation of thebeam-wave interaction for gyro-amplifier has been studied in detail. Two parameternumerical calculation codes including the description of the electromagnetic fields and aself-consistent analysis of the electrons for gyro-amplifier are successfully designed andthe corresponding software implementations are achieved using Fortran language. Theyhave filled our country blank and made up an absence of the copyright of some otherexcellent codes, such as MAGY and MAGYKL. They also provide an importantcalculation tool for the design of gyro-amplifiers in our country.
The main work made in this paper is below:
1. Study on the numerical calculation of the high frequency characteristics of agyroklystron has been made in detail. The rules of the high frequencycharacteristics of the corresponding cavity with the structure parameters areanalyzed. This establishes prerequisites for the design of the high frequencystructure and the numerical calculation of the beam-wave interaction.
2. Two forms of the transient electromagnetic field equation for the gyroklystronare deduced in detail. The numerical calculation model of speedspread isestablished in detail. The theoretical model and the research method of thebeam-wave interaction in input cavity, idler cavity and output cavity are distinctly investigated for the first time. They provide a solid theoretical basisand a complete system frame for the calculation code of beam-waveinteraction.
3. The calculation model and flow process chart are studied in detail. Acalculation code of the beam-wave interaction for gyroklystron is successfullydesigned and the corresponding software implementation is achieved usingFortran language. When the speedspread is5%, the numerical results arecompared with the experimental datas, which shows that good agreements areobtained.
4. Based on the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Maser dispersion equation and theactive wave equations, study on the numerical calculation of the linear and thenonlinear theory has been made in detail. A calculation code of the beam-waveinteraction for Gyro-TWT is successfully designed using Fortran language. Apreliminary model of the beam-wave interaction for a W-band Gyro-TWT isgiven and analyzed using the above code. The code provides a fast method forcalculating the optimal interaction length, gain and the saturated output power.
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