居住小区杂排水水质特性及再利用模式研究
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摘要
论文通过调查小区居民的用水习惯和用水状况,研究了居民小区杂排水的排水规律及水量和水质的变化特征,在对杂排水中各种污染物监测分析的基础上,结合国内外常用污水处理技术,提出了居民小区杂排水处理及再利用模式,以西安绿地小区为例研究了居民小区杂排水处理再利用于人工景观湖的合理途径,为居住小区杂排水的再利用提供参考。研究表明:
(1)现代居住小区居民用水习惯发生巨大变化,导致用水量增加,尤其是收入稳定的家庭。但由于低水价的因素,居民的节水意识没有得到显著提高;杂排水的水量在居民总的排水量中所占的比重仍然很高,因此对杂排水进行处理和再生利用具有重要的意义。
(2)小区24h不同时段杂排水水中各项污染物指标的变化幅度较大、其分布状况也有所不同,由于家庭去污剂的广泛使用,使得杂排水中污染物质成分复杂化,通过监测发现杂排水中阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)、氨氮、总磷的含量都较高,主要受到居民用水行为的影响。
(3)通过对居住小区杂排水的混凝实验发现,混凝对居住小区杂排水中浊度、总磷有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到97%、86%;对其它水质指标如COD、LAS、氨氮也有一定的去除效果,去除率分别为64%、59%、48%。
(4)通过对杂排水的水质特性分析,认为居住小区杂排水处理再利用工艺应考虑设置针对去除LAS、氨氮、总磷的处理单元。工艺上采用物化-生化相结合的一体化小区杂排水处理工艺系统具有较强的优势,适合于我国居住小区的应用,例如在绿地小区采用“生物造粒流化床设备和臭氧气浮联用”结合的工艺流程,正是物化与生化于一体的反应器,具有流程短、效率高的特点,值得推广。
(5)杂排水经过处理后,可以作为对小区人工景观湖的补水水源,这是杂排水处理再利用的最佳途径。
Through the survey of water status and water using habits of the residents, this paper aimed to study on the drainage laws of wastewater, change laws in wastewater quantity and quality. On the basis of the monitoring and analysis of various pollutants of wastewater, and combination of the popular used wastewater treatment technologies at home and abroad, made residential wastewater treatment and reuse patterns. Green area in Xi'an as an example to study the reasonable way to treated residential area wastewater reuse for the artificial landscape lake, for residential area wastewater reuse made a reference. The study shows:
1. The habits of residents' water using in modern residential area has a dramatic change, especially the stable income family. Because of the low price factor, the necessary water-saving measures no significant change. The quality of wastewater in the displacement of the total population also accounted for a large part, make these wastewater treat and reuse has a important significant.
2. The distribution of the water quality pollutant objectives in different hours has great differential, it also have a great different. Because of the extensive use of household detergents, make the wastewater pollutants complex. The data indicates that the LAS, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus have higher content in the residential wastewater. That is primarily due to residents of the water acts impact.
3. Through the study of wastewater coagulation remove effect ,we can found: the turbidity, total phosphorus removal efficiency better, the removal rate reached 97%, 86%; for other water quality indicators such as COD, LAS, nitrogen removal also have some effect, removal rate were 64%, 59%, 48%.
4. Through in-depth analysis of wastewater characteristics, the Residential wastewater reuse process should be given to the provision for the removal of LAS, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus of the processing unit. It shows that the combination of physico-chemical and biochemical principles of wastewater of the integration process has a strong advantage of the system, suitable for Residential Area in China's development of applications. For example, the Green area wastewater reuse demonstration project: "Biological fluidized bed granulation flotation equipment and ozone air flotation technology" combination of process, it is physico-chemical and biochemical reactor in one, a short and efficient characteristics of the process. That is worth promoting.
5. The treated wastewater can be used as the artificial landscape lake water refreshing resources, which is the best way for residential area treated wastewater to reuse.
(1)现代居住小区居民用水习惯发生巨大变化,导致用水量增加,尤其是收入稳定的家庭。但由于低水价的因素,居民的节水意识没有得到显著提高;杂排水的水量在居民总的排水量中所占的比重仍然很高,因此对杂排水进行处理和再生利用具有重要的意义。
(2)小区24h不同时段杂排水水中各项污染物指标的变化幅度较大、其分布状况也有所不同,由于家庭去污剂的广泛使用,使得杂排水中污染物质成分复杂化,通过监测发现杂排水中阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)、氨氮、总磷的含量都较高,主要受到居民用水行为的影响。
(3)通过对居住小区杂排水的混凝实验发现,混凝对居住小区杂排水中浊度、总磷有较好的去除效果,去除率分别达到97%、86%;对其它水质指标如COD、LAS、氨氮也有一定的去除效果,去除率分别为64%、59%、48%。
(4)通过对杂排水的水质特性分析,认为居住小区杂排水处理再利用工艺应考虑设置针对去除LAS、氨氮、总磷的处理单元。工艺上采用物化-生化相结合的一体化小区杂排水处理工艺系统具有较强的优势,适合于我国居住小区的应用,例如在绿地小区采用“生物造粒流化床设备和臭氧气浮联用”结合的工艺流程,正是物化与生化于一体的反应器,具有流程短、效率高的特点,值得推广。
(5)杂排水经过处理后,可以作为对小区人工景观湖的补水水源,这是杂排水处理再利用的最佳途径。
Through the survey of water status and water using habits of the residents, this paper aimed to study on the drainage laws of wastewater, change laws in wastewater quantity and quality. On the basis of the monitoring and analysis of various pollutants of wastewater, and combination of the popular used wastewater treatment technologies at home and abroad, made residential wastewater treatment and reuse patterns. Green area in Xi'an as an example to study the reasonable way to treated residential area wastewater reuse for the artificial landscape lake, for residential area wastewater reuse made a reference. The study shows:
1. The habits of residents' water using in modern residential area has a dramatic change, especially the stable income family. Because of the low price factor, the necessary water-saving measures no significant change. The quality of wastewater in the displacement of the total population also accounted for a large part, make these wastewater treat and reuse has a important significant.
2. The distribution of the water quality pollutant objectives in different hours has great differential, it also have a great different. Because of the extensive use of household detergents, make the wastewater pollutants complex. The data indicates that the LAS, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus have higher content in the residential wastewater. That is primarily due to residents of the water acts impact.
3. Through the study of wastewater coagulation remove effect ,we can found: the turbidity, total phosphorus removal efficiency better, the removal rate reached 97%, 86%; for other water quality indicators such as COD, LAS, nitrogen removal also have some effect, removal rate were 64%, 59%, 48%.
4. Through in-depth analysis of wastewater characteristics, the Residential wastewater reuse process should be given to the provision for the removal of LAS, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus of the processing unit. It shows that the combination of physico-chemical and biochemical principles of wastewater of the integration process has a strong advantage of the system, suitable for Residential Area in China's development of applications. For example, the Green area wastewater reuse demonstration project: "Biological fluidized bed granulation flotation equipment and ozone air flotation technology" combination of process, it is physico-chemical and biochemical reactor in one, a short and efficient characteristics of the process. That is worth promoting.
5. The treated wastewater can be used as the artificial landscape lake water refreshing resources, which is the best way for residential area treated wastewater to reuse.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2006、2007年中国环境状况公报.2008.06.
[2]张利平,夏军,胡志芳.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,02.18(2):116-119.
[3]《城市污水回用系列标准实施指南》编审组编.城市污水回用系列标准实施指南(一)[M].中国标准出版社,2004.02.
[4]贺墨梅,刘众.污水集中式与分散式处理技术的比较研究[J].西南给排水,2006.28(4):20-23.
[5]王琳,王宝贞.分散式污水处理与再利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:63-95.
[6]Water and wastewater reuse-an environmentally sound approach for sustainable urban water management[M].United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology,Industry and Economics.
[7]Tom(?)s Cazurra.Water reuse of south Barcelona's wastewater reclamation plant[J].Desalination 218(2008):43-51.
[8]Bashaar Y.Ammary.Wastewater reuse in Jordan:Present status and future plans[J].Desalination 211(2007):164-176.
[9]Seong-Keun,et al.Yima Pilot-scale evaluation of an integrated membrane system for domestic wastewater reuse on islands[J].Desalination 208(2007):113-124.
[10]Erkan sahinkaya,et al.Biological treatment and nanofiltration of dnim textile wastewater for reuse[J].Hazardous Materials 153(2008):1142-1148.
[11]L.S.Tam,T.W.Tang,et al.A pilot study for wastewater reclamation and reuse with MBR/RO and MF/RO systems[J].WWWRS2005.SCI.202(2007):106-113.
[12]J.Illueca-Munoi,J.A.mendoza-Roca,et al.Study of different alternatives of tertiary treatments for wastewater reclamation to optimize the water quality for irrigation reuse[J].certh.sci.2008:222-229.
[13]李志颖,张统等.北京市人工湖水质状况分析及水质保持措施探讨[J].给水排水.2008增刊,(34):200-204.
[14]蔡莹,蔡鸣,张爱莉等.居住小区中水回用系统[J],净水技术,2003,43-45.
[15]沈光范,许强.积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(4):31-32.
[16]马绪芳,许德红.北京市中水使用现状浅谈[J].北京节能.1996(01).
[17]冯业栋,李传昭.居民生活用水消费情况抽样调查分析[J].重庆大学学报, 2004,04.27(4):154-157.
[18]苏宝军.运用价格杠杆,实现水资源有效控制[J].地下水,2003.9(3):129-130.
[19]蒋绍阶,刘宗源.UV_(254)作为水处理中有机物控制指标的意义[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,4.Vol.24(2):61-65.
[20]鞠兴华,王社平,彭党聪.城市污水处理厂设计进水水质的确定方法[J].中国给水排水,2007.7.23(14):48-51.
[21]陈莉娥,周兴求,伍健东.表面活性剂污水的危害及处理技术[J].工业水处理,2003,10.23(10):12-16.
[22]肖锦 主编.城市污水处理及回用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,05.
[23]马焕春等.城市污水处理厂协同沉淀除磷与后续混凝除磷对比实验研究[J].广西科学院学报,2008,24(1):1-3.
[24]邱维,张智.城市污水化学除磷的探讨.重庆环境化学,2002,24(2):81-84.
[25]王挺,王三反.混凝剂对去除不同水质污水中磷的效果分析[J].工业安全与环保,2008,34(11):7-9.
[26]王红斌,杨敏.聚合氯化铝的混凝除磷性能研究[J].化学世界,2004(1):7-10.
[27]王效琴,王启山等.不同中水回用模式的技术经济分析[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(16):73-76.
[28]马培忠,于崇涛,孙好芬.SBR 法的发展应用探讨[J].青岛大学学报.2003,18(2):93-97.
[29]杨宗政,庞金钊,张涛等.校园生活污水处理新技术[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(5):14-16.
[30]刘建兵.SBR 法用于处理淋浴污水为中水的工艺特性研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2007,7(4):282-284.
[31]赵英,白晓琴,高飞亚.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(12):33-36.
[32]Z.Wang,et al.Research and applications of membrane bioreactors in china:Progress and Prospect[J].Sep,Purif,Technol.(2008).
[33]HE SHANG-Bing,XUE Gang,WANG Bao-Zhen et al,Implenting both domestic wastewater reuse and sludge reduction by a combination of anaerobic phase and membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Dong Hua University(Eng Ed).Vol.22.No4(2005):129-133.
[34]黄廷林,解岳,从海兵等.水厂生产废水结团絮凝处理的中试研究.给水排水,2003.129(3).
[35]X.C.wang,H.L.Yuan,et al.Fluidised pellet bed bioreactor:a promising technology for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse[J].Water Science&Technoly.2007, 55(1-2):59-67.
[36]L.Liberti and M.Notarnicola.Advance treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture[J].Wat.Sci.Technol.,40(1999):235-245.
[37]H.Zhou,D.W.Smith and S.J.Stanley.Modeling of dissolved ozone concentration profiles in bubble columns[J].Environ.Eng.,120(1994):821-840.
[38]M.Ahmad and S.Farooq.Influence of bubble sizes on ozone solubility utilization and disinfection[J].Water Sci.Technol.,17(1983):1081-1090.
[39]B.Langlais,D.A.Reckhow and D.R.Brink,et al.Ozone in water treatment:Application and Engineering[J].AWWA Research Foundation and Lewis Publishers,Colorado,1991.
[40]W.H.Glaze,J.WKang and D.H.Chapin.The chemistry of water treatment processes involving ozone,hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation[J].Ozone Sci.Eng.,9(1987):335-352.
[41]Byoung Ho Lee*,Won Chul Song,Biswaranjan Manna,Jong Kyu Ha.Dissolved ozone flotation (DOF)-a promising technology in municipal wastewater treatment[J].Desalination.225 (2008):260-273.
[42]M.Petala,V.Tsiridis,P.Samaras,A.Zouboulis and GRSakellaropoulos.Wastewater reclamation by advanced treatment of secondary effluents[J].Desalination.195(2006):109-118.
[2]张利平,夏军,胡志芳.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,02.18(2):116-119.
[3]《城市污水回用系列标准实施指南》编审组编.城市污水回用系列标准实施指南(一)[M].中国标准出版社,2004.02.
[4]贺墨梅,刘众.污水集中式与分散式处理技术的比较研究[J].西南给排水,2006.28(4):20-23.
[5]王琳,王宝贞.分散式污水处理与再利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:63-95.
[6]Water and wastewater reuse-an environmentally sound approach for sustainable urban water management[M].United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology,Industry and Economics.
[7]Tom(?)s Cazurra.Water reuse of south Barcelona's wastewater reclamation plant[J].Desalination 218(2008):43-51.
[8]Bashaar Y.Ammary.Wastewater reuse in Jordan:Present status and future plans[J].Desalination 211(2007):164-176.
[9]Seong-Keun,et al.Yima Pilot-scale evaluation of an integrated membrane system for domestic wastewater reuse on islands[J].Desalination 208(2007):113-124.
[10]Erkan sahinkaya,et al.Biological treatment and nanofiltration of dnim textile wastewater for reuse[J].Hazardous Materials 153(2008):1142-1148.
[11]L.S.Tam,T.W.Tang,et al.A pilot study for wastewater reclamation and reuse with MBR/RO and MF/RO systems[J].WWWRS2005.SCI.202(2007):106-113.
[12]J.Illueca-Munoi,J.A.mendoza-Roca,et al.Study of different alternatives of tertiary treatments for wastewater reclamation to optimize the water quality for irrigation reuse[J].certh.sci.2008:222-229.
[13]李志颖,张统等.北京市人工湖水质状况分析及水质保持措施探讨[J].给水排水.2008增刊,(34):200-204.
[14]蔡莹,蔡鸣,张爱莉等.居住小区中水回用系统[J],净水技术,2003,43-45.
[15]沈光范,许强.积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(4):31-32.
[16]马绪芳,许德红.北京市中水使用现状浅谈[J].北京节能.1996(01).
[17]冯业栋,李传昭.居民生活用水消费情况抽样调查分析[J].重庆大学学报, 2004,04.27(4):154-157.
[18]苏宝军.运用价格杠杆,实现水资源有效控制[J].地下水,2003.9(3):129-130.
[19]蒋绍阶,刘宗源.UV_(254)作为水处理中有机物控制指标的意义[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,4.Vol.24(2):61-65.
[20]鞠兴华,王社平,彭党聪.城市污水处理厂设计进水水质的确定方法[J].中国给水排水,2007.7.23(14):48-51.
[21]陈莉娥,周兴求,伍健东.表面活性剂污水的危害及处理技术[J].工业水处理,2003,10.23(10):12-16.
[22]肖锦 主编.城市污水处理及回用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,05.
[23]马焕春等.城市污水处理厂协同沉淀除磷与后续混凝除磷对比实验研究[J].广西科学院学报,2008,24(1):1-3.
[24]邱维,张智.城市污水化学除磷的探讨.重庆环境化学,2002,24(2):81-84.
[25]王挺,王三反.混凝剂对去除不同水质污水中磷的效果分析[J].工业安全与环保,2008,34(11):7-9.
[26]王红斌,杨敏.聚合氯化铝的混凝除磷性能研究[J].化学世界,2004(1):7-10.
[27]王效琴,王启山等.不同中水回用模式的技术经济分析[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(16):73-76.
[28]马培忠,于崇涛,孙好芬.SBR 法的发展应用探讨[J].青岛大学学报.2003,18(2):93-97.
[29]杨宗政,庞金钊,张涛等.校园生活污水处理新技术[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(5):14-16.
[30]刘建兵.SBR 法用于处理淋浴污水为中水的工艺特性研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2007,7(4):282-284.
[31]赵英,白晓琴,高飞亚.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(12):33-36.
[32]Z.Wang,et al.Research and applications of membrane bioreactors in china:Progress and Prospect[J].Sep,Purif,Technol.(2008).
[33]HE SHANG-Bing,XUE Gang,WANG Bao-Zhen et al,Implenting both domestic wastewater reuse and sludge reduction by a combination of anaerobic phase and membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Dong Hua University(Eng Ed).Vol.22.No4(2005):129-133.
[34]黄廷林,解岳,从海兵等.水厂生产废水结团絮凝处理的中试研究.给水排水,2003.129(3).
[35]X.C.wang,H.L.Yuan,et al.Fluidised pellet bed bioreactor:a promising technology for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse[J].Water Science&Technoly.2007, 55(1-2):59-67.
[36]L.Liberti and M.Notarnicola.Advance treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture[J].Wat.Sci.Technol.,40(1999):235-245.
[37]H.Zhou,D.W.Smith and S.J.Stanley.Modeling of dissolved ozone concentration profiles in bubble columns[J].Environ.Eng.,120(1994):821-840.
[38]M.Ahmad and S.Farooq.Influence of bubble sizes on ozone solubility utilization and disinfection[J].Water Sci.Technol.,17(1983):1081-1090.
[39]B.Langlais,D.A.Reckhow and D.R.Brink,et al.Ozone in water treatment:Application and Engineering[J].AWWA Research Foundation and Lewis Publishers,Colorado,1991.
[40]W.H.Glaze,J.WKang and D.H.Chapin.The chemistry of water treatment processes involving ozone,hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation[J].Ozone Sci.Eng.,9(1987):335-352.
[41]Byoung Ho Lee*,Won Chul Song,Biswaranjan Manna,Jong Kyu Ha.Dissolved ozone flotation (DOF)-a promising technology in municipal wastewater treatment[J].Desalination.225 (2008):260-273.
[42]M.Petala,V.Tsiridis,P.Samaras,A.Zouboulis and GRSakellaropoulos.Wastewater reclamation by advanced treatment of secondary effluents[J].Desalination.195(2006):109-118.