三维编织复合材料的压缩损伤模拟
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摘要
三维编织复合材料的强度分析仍然处于初始阶段,而其压缩性能的研究成果目前多来自实验。本文采用细观有限元法,基于线弹性力学对碳/环氧三维四向矩形编织复合材料进行了压缩渐进损伤模拟。参照文献建立了材料内胞的细观有限元分析模型,通过对基体和纤维束采用不同的失效判据及相应材料性能折减方案实现损伤模拟,利用有限元软件ABAQUS的用户材料子程序编写包含组分材料损伤非线性的材料属性,分别对大、小编织角试件采用了几种不同破坏准则判定纤维束单元失效,通过实验对比证明了模型的正确性,同时比较了各准则的模拟结果以确定其适用性,分析了材料压缩损伤起始和演变过程,总结了大、小编织角试件的材料主要破坏模式;在此模拟分析基础上讨论了编织角和纤维体积分数对编织复合材料压缩性能的影响;最后基于假设建立了同已有内胞模型相适应的面胞模型,并对包含面胞的细观模型进行压缩渐进失效模拟,分析了面胞的损伤特点并讨论其对材料性能的影响,为深入研究编织复合材料的破坏及强度提供一些参考。
The strength analysis of 3-D braided composites is still in the initial stage, and the compressive property research results of this material mainly come from experiments. This thesis adopts the microscopic finite element method to conduct progressive damage simulation for carbon/epoxy 3-D four-directional rectangular braided composites on the basis of linear elastic mechanics. Based on the interior unit cell model provided in literature, the finite element analysis model is firstly constructed. Then different damage initiation criteria and corresponding material degradation models are set for matrix and yarn to model different type of damage in comprising materials, and the non-linear material constitutive caused by damage is compiled by the user material subroutine UMAT in finite element software ABAQUS. Progressive damage analysis is conducted for typical large and small braiding angle specimens individually using five different failure criteria for yarns; strength results are compared with experimental data to verify that the analysis model is correct and to determine the applicability of the criteria. Damage initiation and evolution are analyzed and different failure modes are concluded for both large and small braiding angle specimens. The influence of braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the material compressive property is then investigated. In the last part, the surface cell model is built on hypothesizes in accordance with the interior cell model, and the progressive damage analysis under compression is conducted for the cell model with surface part, then the damage feature of the surface cell as well as its effect on the material property are analyzed for further study on failure and strength of 3-D braided composites.
The strength analysis of 3-D braided composites is still in the initial stage, and the compressive property research results of this material mainly come from experiments. This thesis adopts the microscopic finite element method to conduct progressive damage simulation for carbon/epoxy 3-D four-directional rectangular braided composites on the basis of linear elastic mechanics. Based on the interior unit cell model provided in literature, the finite element analysis model is firstly constructed. Then different damage initiation criteria and corresponding material degradation models are set for matrix and yarn to model different type of damage in comprising materials, and the non-linear material constitutive caused by damage is compiled by the user material subroutine UMAT in finite element software ABAQUS. Progressive damage analysis is conducted for typical large and small braiding angle specimens individually using five different failure criteria for yarns; strength results are compared with experimental data to verify that the analysis model is correct and to determine the applicability of the criteria. Damage initiation and evolution are analyzed and different failure modes are concluded for both large and small braiding angle specimens. The influence of braiding angle and fiber volume fraction on the material compressive property is then investigated. In the last part, the surface cell model is built on hypothesizes in accordance with the interior cell model, and the progressive damage analysis under compression is conducted for the cell model with surface part, then the damage feature of the surface cell as well as its effect on the material property are analyzed for further study on failure and strength of 3-D braided composites.
引文
[1]黄故.现代纺织复合材料.北京:中国纺织出版社,2000.
[2]杨朝坤.三维编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究.材料工程,2002,(7):33 - 39.
[3]周光明.三维编织复合材料力学性能与成型研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1994.
[4]李嘉禄.用于结构件的三维编织复合材料.航天返回与遥感,2007,28(2):53 - 58.
[5]陈作荣、诸德超、陆萌.三维四步编织复合材料单元胞体几何模型.北京航空航天大学学报,2000,26(5):539 - 542.
[6] Ko F K. Three-dimensional fabrics for composites-An introduction to the magna-weave structure. Proc.ICCM-4, Japan Soc. Composite Materials, Tokyo,Japan,1982:1609.
[7] Ma C L, Yang J M, Chou T W. Elastic Stiffness of Three-Dimensional Braided Textile Structure Composites. Composite Materials,1986:404 - 421.
[8] Li W, Hammad M, El-Shiekh A. Structural analysis of 3-D braided preforms for composites. Journal of the Textile Institute, 1990,81(4):491 - 514.
[9] Wang Y Q, Wang A S D. On the topological yarn structural of 3-D rectangular and tubular braided preforms. Composites Science and Technology, 1994,51(4):575 - 586.
[10] Wu D L. Three-cell model and 5-d braided structural composites. Composites Science and Technology, 1996,56(3):225 - 233.
[11] Chen L, Tao X M, Chou C L. On the microstructure of three-dimensional braided performs. Composites Science and Technology, 1999,59:391 - 404.
[12] Pandey R, Hahn H T. CAD for 4-step braided fabric composites. Composite Material, Mechanics and Processing, 1994, 719 - 226.
[13]韩其睿.复合材料三维编织结构的单元胞体模型.复合材料学报,1996,13(3):77 - 80.
[14]庞宝君、杜善义、韩杰才.三维四向编织复合材料细观组织及分析模型.复合材料学报, 1999, 16(3): 135 - 139.
[15]卢子兴、杨振宇、刘振国.三维四向编织复合材料结构模型的几何特性.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006,32(1):92 - 96.
[16]黄小平、徐宁光、孙良新.复合材料三维四向矩形类编织物表面结构研究.宇航材料工艺, 2000, 3:14 - 19.
[17]黄小平、孙良新、徐孝诚.复合材料三维四向矩形编织物角柱结构研究.复合材料学报, 2001,18(4):11 - 16.
[18]黄小平、孙良新、徐孝诚.四向矩形编织复合材料单胞的新划分方法.纤维复合材料, 2001, 3:15 - 17.
[19]徐焜、许希武.四步法三维矩形编织复合材料的细观结构模型.复合材料学报, 2006, 23(5):154 - 160.
[20]梁军、陈晓峰、庞宝君等.多向编织复合材料的力学性能研究.力学进展,1999,29(2):197 - 210.
[21] Kregers A Melbardis F, Yu G. Determination of the deformability of three-dimensionally reinforce composites by the stiffness averaging method. Polymer Mechanics, 1978,14(1):3 - 7.
[22] Yang J M, Ma C L, Chou T W. Fiber inclination model of three-dimensional textile structural composite. Journal of Composite Materials,1986,20(5):472 - 484.
[23]孙慧玉、吴长春、卞恩荣.三维编织复合材料面内刚度和强度性能研究.复合材料学报, 1998, 15(4):103 - 106.
[24] Surya R K, Abdel A. Longitudinal and transverse moduli and strengths of low angle 3-D braided composites. Journal of Composite Materials,1996,30(8):885 - 905.
[25]梁军、杜善义、韩杰才.一种含特定微裂纹缺陷三维编织复合材料弹性常数预报方法.复合材料学报, 1997,14(1):101 - 107.
[26] Delneste L, Perez B. An inelastic finite element model of 4D carbon-carbon composite. AIAA Journal, 1993,21(8):1143 - 1149.
[27]刘振国、卢子兴、陆萌等.三维四向编织复合材料弹性模量数值预报.北京航空航天大学学报, 2000, 2(26):182 - 185.
[28] Zeng T, Wu L, Guo L. Mechanical analysis of 3D braided composites: a finite element model. Composite Structures, 2004,64:399 - 404.
[29]冯淼林.三维编织复合材料均匀化方法宏细观数值研究,[博士学位论文].合肥:中国科技大学,2000.
[30]董纪伟.基于均匀化理论的三维编织复合材料宏细观力学性能的数值模拟,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[31]孙慧玉、张斌.三维编织复合材料力学性能的杂交应力元法.南京航空航天大学学报, 2008, 40(1): 42 - 45.
[32] Chen L, Tao X M, Chou C L. Mechanical analysis of 3D braided composites by the finite multiphase element method. Composites Science and Technology, 1999, 59:2383 - 2391.
[33]连尉平、崔俊芝.三维编织复合材料模量的双尺度有限元计算.计算力学学报, 2005, 22(3): 268 - 273.
[34] Nagai K, Yokoyama A, Maekawa Z. The study of analytical method for three-dimensional composite materials. Transactions of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992, 58(11): 2099 - 2113.
[35] Nagai K, Yokoyama A, Maekawa Z. The study of analytical method for three-dimensional composite materials. Transactions of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994, 60(2): 514 - 519.
[36] Bhandarkar S A, Walrath D E, Hanse A C. Modeling damage in a plain weave fabric-reinforcedcomposite material. Journal of Composites Technology and Research,1993,15(2):136 - 142.
[37]庞宝君、杜善义、韩杰才等.三维多向编织复合材料非线性本构行为的细观数值模拟.复合材料学报, 2000,17(1):98 - 102.
[38]卢子兴、刘振国、麦汉超等.三维编织复合材料强度的数值预报.北京航空航天大学学报, 2002, 28(5):563 - 565.
[39] Zeng T, Fang D N, Ma L, et al. Predicting the nonlinear response and failure of 3D braided composites. Material Letters, 2004, 58:3237 - 3241.
[40] Fang G D, Liang J, Wang B L. Progressive damage and nonlinear analysis of 3D four-directional braided composites under unidirectional tension. Composite Materials, 2009,89:126 - 133.
[41]徐焜、许希武.三维编织复合材料渐进损伤的非线性数值分析.力学学报,2007,39(3):398 - 407.
[42] Yu X G, Cui J Z. The prediction on mechanical properties of 4-step braided composites via two-scale method. Composite Science and Technology,2007,67:471 - 480.
[43] Zuo W W, Xiao L Y, Liao D X. Statistical strength analysis of the 3-D braided composites. Composites Science and Technology,2007,67:2095 - 2102.
[44]刘谦、李嘉禄、李学明.三维编织复合材料的弯曲和压缩性能探讨研究.材料工程, 2000, (8): 3 - 6.
[45]王波、矫桂琼、陶亮等.三维编织复合材料拉压性能的实验研究.实验力学,2002,17(3):303 - 306.
[46]杨朝坤.三维编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究.材料工程,2002,(7):33 - 39.
[47]卢子兴、胡奇.三维编织复合材料压缩力学性能的实验研究.复合材料学报,2003,20(6):67 - 72.
[48]陈利、刘景艳、马振杰等.三维多向编织复合材料压缩性能的实验研究.固体火箭技术, 2006, 9(1):63 - 66.
[49]严实、吴林志、孙雨果.三维四向编织复合材料压缩力学性能实验研究.材料工程, 2007, (3): 59 - 66.
[50] Xia Z H, Zhang Y, Ellyin F. A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2003, 30: 1907 - 1921.
[51]周储伟、张音旋.三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析.复合材料学报,2007,24(5):125 - 129.
[52]蔺晓明、刘振国、卢子兴.三维编织复合材料弹性性能的表面胞体效应.复合材料学报, 2006, 23(6): 168 - 173.
[53]李嘉禄、刘谦.三维编织复合材料中纤维束横截面形状的研究.复合材料学报,2001,18(2):9 - 13.
[54]丁丹烨.三维编织复合材料编织几何和力学性能的细观分析,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[2]杨朝坤.三维编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究.材料工程,2002,(7):33 - 39.
[3]周光明.三维编织复合材料力学性能与成型研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1994.
[4]李嘉禄.用于结构件的三维编织复合材料.航天返回与遥感,2007,28(2):53 - 58.
[5]陈作荣、诸德超、陆萌.三维四步编织复合材料单元胞体几何模型.北京航空航天大学学报,2000,26(5):539 - 542.
[6] Ko F K. Three-dimensional fabrics for composites-An introduction to the magna-weave structure. Proc.ICCM-4, Japan Soc. Composite Materials, Tokyo,Japan,1982:1609.
[7] Ma C L, Yang J M, Chou T W. Elastic Stiffness of Three-Dimensional Braided Textile Structure Composites. Composite Materials,1986:404 - 421.
[8] Li W, Hammad M, El-Shiekh A. Structural analysis of 3-D braided preforms for composites. Journal of the Textile Institute, 1990,81(4):491 - 514.
[9] Wang Y Q, Wang A S D. On the topological yarn structural of 3-D rectangular and tubular braided preforms. Composites Science and Technology, 1994,51(4):575 - 586.
[10] Wu D L. Three-cell model and 5-d braided structural composites. Composites Science and Technology, 1996,56(3):225 - 233.
[11] Chen L, Tao X M, Chou C L. On the microstructure of three-dimensional braided performs. Composites Science and Technology, 1999,59:391 - 404.
[12] Pandey R, Hahn H T. CAD for 4-step braided fabric composites. Composite Material, Mechanics and Processing, 1994, 719 - 226.
[13]韩其睿.复合材料三维编织结构的单元胞体模型.复合材料学报,1996,13(3):77 - 80.
[14]庞宝君、杜善义、韩杰才.三维四向编织复合材料细观组织及分析模型.复合材料学报, 1999, 16(3): 135 - 139.
[15]卢子兴、杨振宇、刘振国.三维四向编织复合材料结构模型的几何特性.北京航空航天大学学报, 2006,32(1):92 - 96.
[16]黄小平、徐宁光、孙良新.复合材料三维四向矩形类编织物表面结构研究.宇航材料工艺, 2000, 3:14 - 19.
[17]黄小平、孙良新、徐孝诚.复合材料三维四向矩形编织物角柱结构研究.复合材料学报, 2001,18(4):11 - 16.
[18]黄小平、孙良新、徐孝诚.四向矩形编织复合材料单胞的新划分方法.纤维复合材料, 2001, 3:15 - 17.
[19]徐焜、许希武.四步法三维矩形编织复合材料的细观结构模型.复合材料学报, 2006, 23(5):154 - 160.
[20]梁军、陈晓峰、庞宝君等.多向编织复合材料的力学性能研究.力学进展,1999,29(2):197 - 210.
[21] Kregers A Melbardis F, Yu G. Determination of the deformability of three-dimensionally reinforce composites by the stiffness averaging method. Polymer Mechanics, 1978,14(1):3 - 7.
[22] Yang J M, Ma C L, Chou T W. Fiber inclination model of three-dimensional textile structural composite. Journal of Composite Materials,1986,20(5):472 - 484.
[23]孙慧玉、吴长春、卞恩荣.三维编织复合材料面内刚度和强度性能研究.复合材料学报, 1998, 15(4):103 - 106.
[24] Surya R K, Abdel A. Longitudinal and transverse moduli and strengths of low angle 3-D braided composites. Journal of Composite Materials,1996,30(8):885 - 905.
[25]梁军、杜善义、韩杰才.一种含特定微裂纹缺陷三维编织复合材料弹性常数预报方法.复合材料学报, 1997,14(1):101 - 107.
[26] Delneste L, Perez B. An inelastic finite element model of 4D carbon-carbon composite. AIAA Journal, 1993,21(8):1143 - 1149.
[27]刘振国、卢子兴、陆萌等.三维四向编织复合材料弹性模量数值预报.北京航空航天大学学报, 2000, 2(26):182 - 185.
[28] Zeng T, Wu L, Guo L. Mechanical analysis of 3D braided composites: a finite element model. Composite Structures, 2004,64:399 - 404.
[29]冯淼林.三维编织复合材料均匀化方法宏细观数值研究,[博士学位论文].合肥:中国科技大学,2000.
[30]董纪伟.基于均匀化理论的三维编织复合材料宏细观力学性能的数值模拟,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[31]孙慧玉、张斌.三维编织复合材料力学性能的杂交应力元法.南京航空航天大学学报, 2008, 40(1): 42 - 45.
[32] Chen L, Tao X M, Chou C L. Mechanical analysis of 3D braided composites by the finite multiphase element method. Composites Science and Technology, 1999, 59:2383 - 2391.
[33]连尉平、崔俊芝.三维编织复合材料模量的双尺度有限元计算.计算力学学报, 2005, 22(3): 268 - 273.
[34] Nagai K, Yokoyama A, Maekawa Z. The study of analytical method for three-dimensional composite materials. Transactions of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992, 58(11): 2099 - 2113.
[35] Nagai K, Yokoyama A, Maekawa Z. The study of analytical method for three-dimensional composite materials. Transactions of The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994, 60(2): 514 - 519.
[36] Bhandarkar S A, Walrath D E, Hanse A C. Modeling damage in a plain weave fabric-reinforcedcomposite material. Journal of Composites Technology and Research,1993,15(2):136 - 142.
[37]庞宝君、杜善义、韩杰才等.三维多向编织复合材料非线性本构行为的细观数值模拟.复合材料学报, 2000,17(1):98 - 102.
[38]卢子兴、刘振国、麦汉超等.三维编织复合材料强度的数值预报.北京航空航天大学学报, 2002, 28(5):563 - 565.
[39] Zeng T, Fang D N, Ma L, et al. Predicting the nonlinear response and failure of 3D braided composites. Material Letters, 2004, 58:3237 - 3241.
[40] Fang G D, Liang J, Wang B L. Progressive damage and nonlinear analysis of 3D four-directional braided composites under unidirectional tension. Composite Materials, 2009,89:126 - 133.
[41]徐焜、许希武.三维编织复合材料渐进损伤的非线性数值分析.力学学报,2007,39(3):398 - 407.
[42] Yu X G, Cui J Z. The prediction on mechanical properties of 4-step braided composites via two-scale method. Composite Science and Technology,2007,67:471 - 480.
[43] Zuo W W, Xiao L Y, Liao D X. Statistical strength analysis of the 3-D braided composites. Composites Science and Technology,2007,67:2095 - 2102.
[44]刘谦、李嘉禄、李学明.三维编织复合材料的弯曲和压缩性能探讨研究.材料工程, 2000, (8): 3 - 6.
[45]王波、矫桂琼、陶亮等.三维编织复合材料拉压性能的实验研究.实验力学,2002,17(3):303 - 306.
[46]杨朝坤.三维编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究.材料工程,2002,(7):33 - 39.
[47]卢子兴、胡奇.三维编织复合材料压缩力学性能的实验研究.复合材料学报,2003,20(6):67 - 72.
[48]陈利、刘景艳、马振杰等.三维多向编织复合材料压缩性能的实验研究.固体火箭技术, 2006, 9(1):63 - 66.
[49]严实、吴林志、孙雨果.三维四向编织复合材料压缩力学性能实验研究.材料工程, 2007, (3): 59 - 66.
[50] Xia Z H, Zhang Y, Ellyin F. A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2003, 30: 1907 - 1921.
[51]周储伟、张音旋.三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析.复合材料学报,2007,24(5):125 - 129.
[52]蔺晓明、刘振国、卢子兴.三维编织复合材料弹性性能的表面胞体效应.复合材料学报, 2006, 23(6): 168 - 173.
[53]李嘉禄、刘谦.三维编织复合材料中纤维束横截面形状的研究.复合材料学报,2001,18(2):9 - 13.
[54]丁丹烨.三维编织复合材料编织几何和力学性能的细观分析,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.