局部流化清灰的新型颗粒层过滤装置设计和实验研究
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摘要
根据燃煤联合循环发电对高温烟气净化技术的要求,分析了现有技术的性能特点和发展动态,指出了存在的问题。从优化颗粒层的过滤方式和清灰方式着手,提出了局部流化清灰的颗粒层过滤技术。
采用吸风罩和单元格颗粒层形成组合流化床的结构方式,设计了局部流化清灰的颗粒层过滤装置。给出了过滤装置的部分部件、过滤装置的放大和流化清灰系统的设计方案。实验表明,清灰周期一定,过滤装置的过滤效率和床层压降不随过滤时间变化;调节颗粒层的清灰周期,能改善过滤装置的过滤性能。
以流态化理论为基础,提出了颗粒层流化清灰的原则,研究了流化数对颗粒层流化清灰的影响。实验结果表明,当颗粒层的流化数达到2.5时,颗粒层在4s内能完成清灰,床层高度和颗粒层的含尘量对清灰过程没有影响。
进行了颗粒层过滤的实验研究,得出了过滤介质特性、气流特性、灰尘颗粒特性和清灰周期对颗粒层过滤性能的影响。实验优化了过滤介质和清灰周期的组合方式,使过滤装置具有明显的节能效果。如:粒径0.9mm～1.2mm的过滤介质,床层高度70mm、清灰周期8min,当含尘量2000mg/m~3(标)的气流经过颗粒层过滤后,排放浓度低于10mg/m~3(标),床层压降1440Pa,而粒径0.45mm～0.9mm的过滤介质到达同样的过滤效果,床层压降高达3530Pa。
建立了颗粒层过滤的宏观数学模型。根据颗粒层过滤机理、灰尘颗粒粒径分布的特点和实验结果,修正了过滤速度对颗粒层过滤性能的影响,得出了颗粒层过滤效率和床层压降表达式。对比了模型计算结果和实验结果,证明了模型计算公式的适用性以及预测结果的可靠性。
According to those requirements of high-temperature flue gas purification technique in coal-fired combined cycle power generation, performance, characteristics and development trend of existing techniques are analyzed and problems involved are indicated. A granular-layer filtration technique for local fluidized dust-cleaning is presented basing on optimization of granular-layer filtration and dust-cleaning manners.
Employing configuration of combined fluidized bed including suction hood and cell structure, a granular layer filtration device for local fluidized dust-cleaning is designed. Optimization design schemes of crucial components, amplification and fluidized dust-cleaning system are presented. Experimental data show steady filtration efficiency and bed pressure drop which do not vary with filtration period. And through adjusting the dust-cleaning cycle of the granular layer, filtration performance of the filtration device can be enhanced.
Basing on fluidization theories, granular layer fluidized dust-cleaning principle is proposed and the effect of fluidization number on granular layer fluidized dust-cleaning is investigated. The results show that when fluidization number of the granular layer reaches 2.5, dust-cleaning can be completed by the granular layer within 4 seconds, and both bed height and dust content have no influence on dust-cleaning process.
Granular layer filtration experiment is carried out. Influences of properties of filtration medium, flue gas, dust and dust-cleaning cycle on granular layer filtration performance are summarized. Combination of filtration medium and dust-cleaning cycle is optimized through experiment to make energy saving effect of the filtration device more salient. For example, with parameters of filtration medium size of 0.9-1.2mm, bed height of 70mm, dust cleaning cycle of 8min being applied, after flue gas with dust content of 2000mg·m~(-3) (normality) passes through the granular layer, the emission concentration is less than 10mg·m~(-3) (normality) and the bed pressure drop is 1440Pa. However, with filtration medium size of 0.45mm-0.9mm, the same filtration standard needs the bed pressure drop of as high as 3530Pa.
A macroscopic mathematical model for granular-layer filtration is established. In terms of granular layer filtration mechanism, size distributions of dust particles and experimental results, impact of filtration speed on filtration performance is amended. Formulae involving filtration efficiency and bed pressure drop are deduced. Comparison of computational and experimental results testifies the feasibility of the formulae, and its reliability and accuracy in predicting relevant cases.
采用吸风罩和单元格颗粒层形成组合流化床的结构方式,设计了局部流化清灰的颗粒层过滤装置。给出了过滤装置的部分部件、过滤装置的放大和流化清灰系统的设计方案。实验表明,清灰周期一定,过滤装置的过滤效率和床层压降不随过滤时间变化;调节颗粒层的清灰周期,能改善过滤装置的过滤性能。
以流态化理论为基础,提出了颗粒层流化清灰的原则,研究了流化数对颗粒层流化清灰的影响。实验结果表明,当颗粒层的流化数达到2.5时,颗粒层在4s内能完成清灰,床层高度和颗粒层的含尘量对清灰过程没有影响。
进行了颗粒层过滤的实验研究,得出了过滤介质特性、气流特性、灰尘颗粒特性和清灰周期对颗粒层过滤性能的影响。实验优化了过滤介质和清灰周期的组合方式,使过滤装置具有明显的节能效果。如:粒径0.9mm～1.2mm的过滤介质,床层高度70mm、清灰周期8min,当含尘量2000mg/m~3(标)的气流经过颗粒层过滤后,排放浓度低于10mg/m~3(标),床层压降1440Pa,而粒径0.45mm～0.9mm的过滤介质到达同样的过滤效果,床层压降高达3530Pa。
建立了颗粒层过滤的宏观数学模型。根据颗粒层过滤机理、灰尘颗粒粒径分布的特点和实验结果,修正了过滤速度对颗粒层过滤性能的影响,得出了颗粒层过滤效率和床层压降表达式。对比了模型计算结果和实验结果,证明了模型计算公式的适用性以及预测结果的可靠性。
According to those requirements of high-temperature flue gas purification technique in coal-fired combined cycle power generation, performance, characteristics and development trend of existing techniques are analyzed and problems involved are indicated. A granular-layer filtration technique for local fluidized dust-cleaning is presented basing on optimization of granular-layer filtration and dust-cleaning manners.
Employing configuration of combined fluidized bed including suction hood and cell structure, a granular layer filtration device for local fluidized dust-cleaning is designed. Optimization design schemes of crucial components, amplification and fluidized dust-cleaning system are presented. Experimental data show steady filtration efficiency and bed pressure drop which do not vary with filtration period. And through adjusting the dust-cleaning cycle of the granular layer, filtration performance of the filtration device can be enhanced.
Basing on fluidization theories, granular layer fluidized dust-cleaning principle is proposed and the effect of fluidization number on granular layer fluidized dust-cleaning is investigated. The results show that when fluidization number of the granular layer reaches 2.5, dust-cleaning can be completed by the granular layer within 4 seconds, and both bed height and dust content have no influence on dust-cleaning process.
Granular layer filtration experiment is carried out. Influences of properties of filtration medium, flue gas, dust and dust-cleaning cycle on granular layer filtration performance are summarized. Combination of filtration medium and dust-cleaning cycle is optimized through experiment to make energy saving effect of the filtration device more salient. For example, with parameters of filtration medium size of 0.9-1.2mm, bed height of 70mm, dust cleaning cycle of 8min being applied, after flue gas with dust content of 2000mg·m~(-3) (normality) passes through the granular layer, the emission concentration is less than 10mg·m~(-3) (normality) and the bed pressure drop is 1440Pa. However, with filtration medium size of 0.45mm-0.9mm, the same filtration standard needs the bed pressure drop of as high as 3530Pa.
A macroscopic mathematical model for granular-layer filtration is established. In terms of granular layer filtration mechanism, size distributions of dust particles and experimental results, impact of filtration speed on filtration performance is amended. Formulae involving filtration efficiency and bed pressure drop are deduced. Comparison of computational and experimental results testifies the feasibility of the formulae, and its reliability and accuracy in predicting relevant cases.
引文
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