油层润湿性和相渗透率测井评价方法研究
摘要
储层润湿性和相渗透率是影响油田开发和油层水淹程度的重要因素,对油田开发、综合管理和改造起着重要的作用。储层相渗透率、润湿性测井评价一直是国内外应用地球物理研究领域的主要攻关课题之一,科技人员在一些方面取得了进展,但研究成果大部分是在实验室通过岩心分析获得的,目前还没有一种具有良好适应性的评价模型广泛应用于现场解释。当前提高油田采收率所面临的最重要的问题之一就是提高油藏动静态描述水平,建立精细地质模型,准确判断油层水淹状况和认识剩余油的分布特征。储层参数,特别是渗透率的解释精度是进行油藏描述和剩余油定量计算的关键。因此,探索新的测井评价方法准确判断油层润湿性和更精确地计算渗透率,对油田的勘探开发具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先从油层润湿性和相渗透率研究的油层物理基础出发,分析了低渗透储层的岩性特征和物性特征,列举了油层润湿性的确定方法和研究现状,给出了现有的毛管压力曲线的测定方法及其应用;相对渗透率曲线的测定方法及相对渗透率曲线的应用,通过分析比较认为:现有的测井评价油藏润湿性的方法多以定性判断为主,并且存在一定的局限性,很难在油藏润湿性评价中发挥更大的作用。目前,应用核磁共振松弛时间定量评价油藏润湿性的岩心分析方法已经比较成熟,应用复电阻率频散、介电测量与润湿性关系的实验室研究已经显示了较好的应用前景,单独或者综合利用核磁测井、复电阻率测井和介电测井连续、定量地评价油藏润湿性将是很有意义的研究方向。
本文在电阻率测井方法、电测井辅助RFT地层测试等定性识别油藏润湿性和相渗透率的方法的基础上,从岩石储层孔隙结构、润湿性和油层渗流机理出发,分析和确定了储层润湿性和相渗透率测井评价方法,建立了油层润湿性和相渗透率的测井评价模型,依此开发了基于测井资料的储层润湿性和相渗透率解释与计算软件,并应用该软件对宋芳屯油田北部区块实际资料进行了处理,解释结果是令人满意的。
Reservoir wettability and phase permeability, which are important factors that affect oilfield development and oil-bearing sand watered degree, play an important role in the development, the integrated management and stimulation of the oilfield.
The reservoir phase permeability and wettability logging evaluation is still one of the major research tasks in the geophysical research field both at home and abroad. Progress in some areas has been made by science and technology personnel, but most of the research results are gained merely through core analysis in the laboratory, so there is't a good evaluation model that can be widely used in the practical interpretation now.
At present, one of the most important problems that must be faced to enhance oil recovery ratio is to improve reservoir static and dynamic description level, to establish elaborate geology describing model, to estimate oil-bearing sand watered degree accurately and to identify the distribution of the remaining oil.
Reservoir parameters, in particular the interpretation accuracy of the permeability is the key element to reservoir description and residual oil quantitative calculation.
Therefore, it is important to the exploration and development of oil field to develop new logging evaluation methods to judge reservoir wettability accurately and calculate permeability with higher accuracy.
In this paper, we first analyzed lithology character and physical character of the low-permeability reservoir on the basis of reservoir physics of the research of reservoir wettability and phase permeability, then enumerated the determing methods and the research situation of reservoir wettability and we presented the measuring method and application of the existing capillary pressure curve and the measuring method and application of the relative permeability curve.
Through analysis and comparison we can draw a conclusion: most of the existing logging evaluation methods of reservoir wettability are mainly qualitative evaluations, and there are some limitations to them, so it is very difficult for them to be widely uesd in the wettability evaluation of reservoir.
At present, the core analysis methods of applying nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time to evaluate wettability of reservoir quantitatively have been relatively well developed, the laboratory studies by applying the relation between complex resistance frequency dissemination、dielectric measurements and wettability have indicated a better applying prospect. Evaluating wettability of reservoir continuously and quantitatively by using nuclear magnetic resonance logging, complex resistivity logging and dielectric logging information both alone and combined will be the very meaningful trend of research.
本文首先从油层润湿性和相渗透率研究的油层物理基础出发,分析了低渗透储层的岩性特征和物性特征,列举了油层润湿性的确定方法和研究现状,给出了现有的毛管压力曲线的测定方法及其应用;相对渗透率曲线的测定方法及相对渗透率曲线的应用,通过分析比较认为:现有的测井评价油藏润湿性的方法多以定性判断为主,并且存在一定的局限性,很难在油藏润湿性评价中发挥更大的作用。目前,应用核磁共振松弛时间定量评价油藏润湿性的岩心分析方法已经比较成熟,应用复电阻率频散、介电测量与润湿性关系的实验室研究已经显示了较好的应用前景,单独或者综合利用核磁测井、复电阻率测井和介电测井连续、定量地评价油藏润湿性将是很有意义的研究方向。
本文在电阻率测井方法、电测井辅助RFT地层测试等定性识别油藏润湿性和相渗透率的方法的基础上,从岩石储层孔隙结构、润湿性和油层渗流机理出发,分析和确定了储层润湿性和相渗透率测井评价方法,建立了油层润湿性和相渗透率的测井评价模型,依此开发了基于测井资料的储层润湿性和相渗透率解释与计算软件,并应用该软件对宋芳屯油田北部区块实际资料进行了处理,解释结果是令人满意的。
Reservoir wettability and phase permeability, which are important factors that affect oilfield development and oil-bearing sand watered degree, play an important role in the development, the integrated management and stimulation of the oilfield.
The reservoir phase permeability and wettability logging evaluation is still one of the major research tasks in the geophysical research field both at home and abroad. Progress in some areas has been made by science and technology personnel, but most of the research results are gained merely through core analysis in the laboratory, so there is't a good evaluation model that can be widely used in the practical interpretation now.
At present, one of the most important problems that must be faced to enhance oil recovery ratio is to improve reservoir static and dynamic description level, to establish elaborate geology describing model, to estimate oil-bearing sand watered degree accurately and to identify the distribution of the remaining oil.
Reservoir parameters, in particular the interpretation accuracy of the permeability is the key element to reservoir description and residual oil quantitative calculation.
Therefore, it is important to the exploration and development of oil field to develop new logging evaluation methods to judge reservoir wettability accurately and calculate permeability with higher accuracy.
In this paper, we first analyzed lithology character and physical character of the low-permeability reservoir on the basis of reservoir physics of the research of reservoir wettability and phase permeability, then enumerated the determing methods and the research situation of reservoir wettability and we presented the measuring method and application of the existing capillary pressure curve and the measuring method and application of the relative permeability curve.
Through analysis and comparison we can draw a conclusion: most of the existing logging evaluation methods of reservoir wettability are mainly qualitative evaluations, and there are some limitations to them, so it is very difficult for them to be widely uesd in the wettability evaluation of reservoir.
At present, the core analysis methods of applying nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time to evaluate wettability of reservoir quantitatively have been relatively well developed, the laboratory studies by applying the relation between complex resistance frequency dissemination、dielectric measurements and wettability have indicated a better applying prospect. Evaluating wettability of reservoir continuously and quantitatively by using nuclear magnetic resonance logging, complex resistivity logging and dielectric logging information both alone and combined will be the very meaningful trend of research.
引文
[1]Moss A K,Jing X D,Archer J S.Laboratory Investigation of Wettability and Hysteresis Effects on Resistivity Index and Capillary Pressure Characteristics[J].Journal of Petroleum Scienceand Engineering,1999,(24):231-242
[2]Anderson,W.G.:"Wettability Literature Survey-Part 1:Rock/Oil/Brine Interaction and the Effects of Core Handling on Wettability,"JPT(Oct.1986) 1125-1144.
[3]Anderson,W.G.:"Wettability Literature Survey-Part 3:The Effects of Wettability on the Electricalproperties of Porous Media,"JPT(Dec.1986) 1371-1378.
[4]Anderson W G.Wettability Literature Survey-Part 5:The Effects of Wettability on Relative Permeability[J].JPT,1987,39(11):1 453-1 46
[5]Ali A.Garrouch and Abbas A.alikhan.An Improved Methodfor Quantifying In-situ Intermediate Wettability Using Well Logs.SPWLA 38th,June 15-18,199
[6]Man H N,Jing X D.Network modeling of strong and intermediate wettability on electrical resistivity and capillary pressure[J].Advanee in water resources,2001,24:345-363
[7]Wang Yu-hui,et al..Regular fractal islands on rock-pore interface insandstone.AAPG Annul Convention,New Orleans,USA,1993(Appril).25-28
[8]Silin D B,Jin Guodong,Patzek T W.Robust Determination ofthe Pore-Space Morphology in Sedimentary Rocks[J].SPE84296,2003:1-15.
[9]Knackstedt M A,Arns C H,Limaye A,et al.Digital Core Laboratory:Reservoir-Core Properties Derived from 3D Images[J].SPE87009,2004:1-7.
[10]Chang D,Ioarmidis M A.Pore Network Simulation of LowField NMR Relaxometry under Conditions of Drainage and Imbibition;Effects of Pore Structure and Saturation History[A].In:Core Analysis,Society of Professional Well Log Analysts[C].Houston,TX,United States.[s.n.],2002:376-382
[11]Henry J W.A simplified method for computing oil recovery by gas or water drive[J].AIME,1952,195:9-98.
[12]Bucrley S E,Leverett M C.Mechanism of fluid displacement in sands[J].AIME,1942,146:107-116
[13]Jones S C.Graphical techniques for determining reltive permeability from displacement experiments[J]JPT,1978(5):807-817.
[14]荆万学.常规测井资料计算砂岩储层渗透率的理论思考[J].测井技术,2002-1.
[15]高楚桥,章广成,毛志强.润湿性对岩石电性的影响[J].地球物理学进 展,1998,13(1):60-72
[16]黄隆基.润湿性对岩石电阻率影响的模型估算[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3):405-410
[17]刘堂宴.岩石润湿性的分类及测井解释.测井技术,1997,21(4):321-326
[18]谢然红,高国忠,冯启宁,等.用测井资料预测储层的润湿性[J].测井技术,2002,26(4):265-26
[19]邓英尔,刘慈群,庞宏伟.考虑多因素的低渗透岩石相对渗透率[J].新疆石油地质,2003,2(24):152-155
[20]刘中云,曾庆辉,唐周怀,等.润湿性对采收率及相对渗透率的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(2):148-150
[21]罗万静,王晓冬,李义娟,等.渗透率的常用确定方法及其相互关系[J].西部探矿工程,2006,1:63-66
[22]王怒涛,陈浩,王陶,等.用生产数据计算油藏相对渗透率曲线[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,5(27):26-29
[23]谢进庄,无锡令.利用生产测井资料估算油水相对渗透率曲线[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,2(31):64-66
[24]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1998.
[25]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.9.
[26]罗蛰潭.油层物理[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
[27]沈平平.油层物理实验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[29]杨小平.精确计算相对渗透率的方法.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6):63-66.
[30]周显民·利用汞毛细管压力曲线预测砂岩孔隙平均半径及空气渗透率的新方法·石油勘探与开发.1989.(5):63-68
[31]廖明光,等·孔隙结构新参数及其应用.石油勘探与开发.1997 24,(3):78-81
[32]李留仁,赵艳艳,李忠兴,等.多孔介质微观孔隙结构分形特征及分形系数的意义[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(3):105-110.
[33]孙黎娟.砂岩孔隙空间结构特征研究的新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(1):29-32.
[34]王尤富,鲍颖.油层岩石的孔隙结构与驱油效率的关系[J].河南石油,1999,13(1):23-25.
[35]王京红.相对渗透率特征的影响因素研究[A].信荃麟,等.复杂油气藏勘探技术国际学术研讨会论文集[C].东营:石油大学出版社,1998.199-203.
[36]戴启德,纪友亮.油气储层地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.99-102
[37]杨少春,王志新,郭玉新.胜坨油田二区沙河街组二段三角洲储层微观特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(4):25-29.
[38]雍世和,洪有密.测井资料综合解释与数字处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982:24-33
[2]Anderson,W.G.:"Wettability Literature Survey-Part 1:Rock/Oil/Brine Interaction and the Effects of Core Handling on Wettability,"JPT(Oct.1986) 1125-1144.
[3]Anderson,W.G.:"Wettability Literature Survey-Part 3:The Effects of Wettability on the Electricalproperties of Porous Media,"JPT(Dec.1986) 1371-1378.
[4]Anderson W G.Wettability Literature Survey-Part 5:The Effects of Wettability on Relative Permeability[J].JPT,1987,39(11):1 453-1 46
[5]Ali A.Garrouch and Abbas A.alikhan.An Improved Methodfor Quantifying In-situ Intermediate Wettability Using Well Logs.SPWLA 38th,June 15-18,199
[6]Man H N,Jing X D.Network modeling of strong and intermediate wettability on electrical resistivity and capillary pressure[J].Advanee in water resources,2001,24:345-363
[7]Wang Yu-hui,et al..Regular fractal islands on rock-pore interface insandstone.AAPG Annul Convention,New Orleans,USA,1993(Appril).25-28
[8]Silin D B,Jin Guodong,Patzek T W.Robust Determination ofthe Pore-Space Morphology in Sedimentary Rocks[J].SPE84296,2003:1-15.
[9]Knackstedt M A,Arns C H,Limaye A,et al.Digital Core Laboratory:Reservoir-Core Properties Derived from 3D Images[J].SPE87009,2004:1-7.
[10]Chang D,Ioarmidis M A.Pore Network Simulation of LowField NMR Relaxometry under Conditions of Drainage and Imbibition;Effects of Pore Structure and Saturation History[A].In:Core Analysis,Society of Professional Well Log Analysts[C].Houston,TX,United States.[s.n.],2002:376-382
[11]Henry J W.A simplified method for computing oil recovery by gas or water drive[J].AIME,1952,195:9-98.
[12]Bucrley S E,Leverett M C.Mechanism of fluid displacement in sands[J].AIME,1942,146:107-116
[13]Jones S C.Graphical techniques for determining reltive permeability from displacement experiments[J]JPT,1978(5):807-817.
[14]荆万学.常规测井资料计算砂岩储层渗透率的理论思考[J].测井技术,2002-1.
[15]高楚桥,章广成,毛志强.润湿性对岩石电性的影响[J].地球物理学进 展,1998,13(1):60-72
[16]黄隆基.润湿性对岩石电阻率影响的模型估算[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3):405-410
[17]刘堂宴.岩石润湿性的分类及测井解释.测井技术,1997,21(4):321-326
[18]谢然红,高国忠,冯启宁,等.用测井资料预测储层的润湿性[J].测井技术,2002,26(4):265-26
[19]邓英尔,刘慈群,庞宏伟.考虑多因素的低渗透岩石相对渗透率[J].新疆石油地质,2003,2(24):152-155
[20]刘中云,曾庆辉,唐周怀,等.润湿性对采收率及相对渗透率的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(2):148-150
[21]罗万静,王晓冬,李义娟,等.渗透率的常用确定方法及其相互关系[J].西部探矿工程,2006,1:63-66
[22]王怒涛,陈浩,王陶,等.用生产数据计算油藏相对渗透率曲线[J].西南石油学院学报,2005,5(27):26-29
[23]谢进庄,无锡令.利用生产测井资料估算油水相对渗透率曲线[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,2(31):64-66
[24]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1998.
[25]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.9.
[26]罗蛰潭.油层物理[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
[27]沈平平.油层物理实验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995
[29]杨小平.精确计算相对渗透率的方法.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(6):63-66.
[30]周显民·利用汞毛细管压力曲线预测砂岩孔隙平均半径及空气渗透率的新方法·石油勘探与开发.1989.(5):63-68
[31]廖明光,等·孔隙结构新参数及其应用.石油勘探与开发.1997 24,(3):78-81
[32]李留仁,赵艳艳,李忠兴,等.多孔介质微观孔隙结构分形特征及分形系数的意义[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(3):105-110.
[33]孙黎娟.砂岩孔隙空间结构特征研究的新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(1):29-32.
[34]王尤富,鲍颖.油层岩石的孔隙结构与驱油效率的关系[J].河南石油,1999,13(1):23-25.
[35]王京红.相对渗透率特征的影响因素研究[A].信荃麟,等.复杂油气藏勘探技术国际学术研讨会论文集[C].东营:石油大学出版社,1998.199-203.
[36]戴启德,纪友亮.油气储层地质学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.99-102
[37]杨少春,王志新,郭玉新.胜坨油田二区沙河街组二段三角洲储层微观特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1998,22(4):25-29.
[38]雍世和,洪有密.测井资料综合解释与数字处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1982:24-33
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