电磁能量选择表面的结构设计及其在强电磁脉冲防护中的应用分析
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摘要
电磁能量选择表面(ESS)是参考了频率选择表面(FSS)的名称而提出来的一个新概念。其理想工作状态是具有理想的“能量自适应开关特性”,即当电磁波的能量小于安全阈值时可以顺利通过,大于安全阈值时则自动屏蔽。电磁能量选择表面可以在不影响设备正常工作的前提下有效防护强电磁脉冲,其工作原理是在强场作用下瞬间由高阻态变为低阻态,从而起屏蔽作用;而对于低电平的电磁波,由于其场强较弱,不足以使电磁能量选择表面从高阻态转换到低阻态,从而可以顺利通过。
本文探索了利用PIN二极管实现电磁能量选择表面的途径,做了一系列的仿真和实验。研究了不同的结构形式,不同的尺寸以及不同的PIN二极管对其性能的影响。分析了电磁能量选择表面用于电磁脉冲防护时尖峰泄露产生的原因并提出了解决方法。研究了电磁能量选择表面在波导限幅和雷达天线罩中的应用。
论文分为四部分:
第一部分,阐述了电磁能量选择表面的研究背景和重要意义,介绍了相关技术的研究成果及现状,概要说明了本文的主要工作及创新点。
第二部分,介绍了电磁能量选择表面的设计思路,分别设计了针对线极化波和圆极化波的防护结构,研究了不同的结构形式,不同的尺寸以及不同的PIN二极管对其性能的影响,并做了具体的优化设计。
第三部分,对电磁能量选择表面在电磁脉冲防护中的应用以及可靠性做了研究,分析了尖峰泄露产生的原因并提出了解决方法,研究了间距1/4波长的双层结构对插损和隔离度的影响,分析了电磁能量选择表面用于波导限幅时对波形的影响以及用作天线罩时对方向图的影响,最后研究了电磁波斜入射时电磁能量选择表面的角度特性。
第四部分,设计并制作了以FR-4为基板的电磁能量选择表面,给出了S参数和限幅特性的测试结果以及电磁能量选择表面用作天线罩时对方向图影响的实测结果。
Electromagnetic Energy Selective Surfaces(ESS) is a new conception named in reference of Frequency Selective Surfaces(FSS). Its ideal working status is energy adaptive switching character, that electromagnetic wave would pass freely if its energy were less than the security threshold, whereas it would be screened if its energy were higher than the security threshold.This kind of structure can effectively protect electromagnetic pulse without affect the equipment. Its principle is that its impedance changes to low impedance condition from high impedance condition at the function of strong electric field, so function as a screen. for the lower electric field wave, because of its intension is relatively feebleness, the ESS can’t change to low impedance condition from high impedance condition, so the wave passed freely.
This paper explored the realization way of ESS by use of PIN diode through a series of simulation and experiment. Researched how different structure, different size and different PIN diode influence its character. Analyzed how the pinnacle leakage occurred when used as EMP protector and how to restrain it.The applications of ESS in wave guide limiter and antenna cover is studied further more.
The paper can be devided into four parts:
The first part expatiate the research background and important meaning of ESS,introduced relative research fruit and actuality,show out the main work and innovation point in short.
The second part introduced the design thought of ESS,designed the structure for linear polarized wave and circular polarized wave separately, researched how different structure, different size and different PIN diode influence its character,then optimized the design.
In the third part,the applications of ESS in EMP protection and its reliability is researched,analyzed how the pinnacle leakage occurred and how to restrain it,how the double deck which space between one fourth wave length influence the insertion loss and isolation loss, studied the influence to wave form and radiation pattern when used as wave guide limiter and antenna cover,at the end of the part,the angle character of ESS is studied at the condition of inclined incidence of the wave.
In the fourth part, we designed and realized the ESS on the base of FR-4 board, given out the test result of S parameter and limit character,the influence of ESS on radiation pattern when used as antenna cover is also given out by experiment.
本文探索了利用PIN二极管实现电磁能量选择表面的途径,做了一系列的仿真和实验。研究了不同的结构形式,不同的尺寸以及不同的PIN二极管对其性能的影响。分析了电磁能量选择表面用于电磁脉冲防护时尖峰泄露产生的原因并提出了解决方法。研究了电磁能量选择表面在波导限幅和雷达天线罩中的应用。
论文分为四部分:
第一部分,阐述了电磁能量选择表面的研究背景和重要意义,介绍了相关技术的研究成果及现状,概要说明了本文的主要工作及创新点。
第二部分,介绍了电磁能量选择表面的设计思路,分别设计了针对线极化波和圆极化波的防护结构,研究了不同的结构形式,不同的尺寸以及不同的PIN二极管对其性能的影响,并做了具体的优化设计。
第三部分,对电磁能量选择表面在电磁脉冲防护中的应用以及可靠性做了研究,分析了尖峰泄露产生的原因并提出了解决方法,研究了间距1/4波长的双层结构对插损和隔离度的影响,分析了电磁能量选择表面用于波导限幅时对波形的影响以及用作天线罩时对方向图的影响,最后研究了电磁波斜入射时电磁能量选择表面的角度特性。
第四部分,设计并制作了以FR-4为基板的电磁能量选择表面,给出了S参数和限幅特性的测试结果以及电磁能量选择表面用作天线罩时对方向图影响的实测结果。
Electromagnetic Energy Selective Surfaces(ESS) is a new conception named in reference of Frequency Selective Surfaces(FSS). Its ideal working status is energy adaptive switching character, that electromagnetic wave would pass freely if its energy were less than the security threshold, whereas it would be screened if its energy were higher than the security threshold.This kind of structure can effectively protect electromagnetic pulse without affect the equipment. Its principle is that its impedance changes to low impedance condition from high impedance condition at the function of strong electric field, so function as a screen. for the lower electric field wave, because of its intension is relatively feebleness, the ESS can’t change to low impedance condition from high impedance condition, so the wave passed freely.
This paper explored the realization way of ESS by use of PIN diode through a series of simulation and experiment. Researched how different structure, different size and different PIN diode influence its character. Analyzed how the pinnacle leakage occurred when used as EMP protector and how to restrain it.The applications of ESS in wave guide limiter and antenna cover is studied further more.
The paper can be devided into four parts:
The first part expatiate the research background and important meaning of ESS,introduced relative research fruit and actuality,show out the main work and innovation point in short.
The second part introduced the design thought of ESS,designed the structure for linear polarized wave and circular polarized wave separately, researched how different structure, different size and different PIN diode influence its character,then optimized the design.
In the third part,the applications of ESS in EMP protection and its reliability is researched,analyzed how the pinnacle leakage occurred and how to restrain it,how the double deck which space between one fourth wave length influence the insertion loss and isolation loss, studied the influence to wave form and radiation pattern when used as wave guide limiter and antenna cover,at the end of the part,the angle character of ESS is studied at the condition of inclined incidence of the wave.
In the fourth part, we designed and realized the ESS on the base of FR-4 board, given out the test result of S parameter and limit character,the influence of ESS on radiation pattern when used as antenna cover is also given out by experiment.
引文
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[17] Wu Rufei,Zhang Haiying.A Novel Equivalent Circuit Model of GaAs PIN Diodes.Journal of Semiconductors,Vol.29No.4,Apr,2008.
[18] J.Kyhl and M.Andersson.An Advanced PIN-diode Model.Microwave Journal, September 2005, pp. 206-212.
[19] R.H.Caverly,N.V.Drozdovski,L.M.Drozdovskaia,M.J.Quinn.SPICE Modeling of Microwave and RF Control Diodes.Proc. 43rd IEEE Midwest Symp, August 8-11, 2000.
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[27]杨耿,谭吉春,盛定仪,杨雨川.级联式高功率微波限幅防护装置[J].强激光与离子束,2008,6.
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