设计·技术·评估
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摘要
近代银行建筑的历史性保护既有与其它类型的历史性建筑相通的共性,也因其独有的本体特征和价值特征而呈现出特殊性,正确的保护方法是共性与特性、一般规律与具体情况相结合的产物。
设计方法、修复技术和技术策略评估是近代银行建筑历史性保护的三个核心范畴,三者的相互关系是论证历史性保护一般规律的逻辑基础。
保护模式和设计手法是近代银行建筑保护性设计方法的两个方面。“老并入新”、“新融于老”、“新老并置”和“新老隔离”等四个保护模式的适用条件及其利弊得失都是以最大程度地保存近代银行建筑的价值为出发点,应根据建筑的具体条件,从空间、形式、秩序和文脉等角度选择合适的设计手法。
近代银行建筑有两个表象相反的基本类型:本体完好并具有较高价值的近代银行建筑以及残破性近代银行建筑。以原浙江兴业银行和石家庄中国人民银行总行原址的保护性设计为中心的大量实例说明,近代银行建筑历史性保护的特殊性正是其价值构成特征的反映。
修复技术策略评估是连接设计方法和修复技术的关键环节。本文将全程跟踪和主观评估等后评估方法引入天津原金城银行修复工程的全过程,验证了技术策略后评估对于总结我国近代历史建筑修复正反经验所具有的重大价值。无损检测、砖石、砂浆等修复技术应用规律的总结旨在说明,修复技术策略一般性评估是把握可逆度、干预度、安全度和满意度等指标以适应修复技术中多学科交叉渗透新格局的有效对策。
Historic preservation of modern bank architecture has common characteristics with other types of historic architectures while it shows particularity due to its unique ontology and values. Consequently, the correct method of preservation should be a combination with similarities and particularities, and also an integration of general rules and specific circumstances.
Design Method, restoration technology and technology strategy evaluation are three core categories of modern bank architecture historic preservation. The relationship between them is the logic basis for demonstrating the general rules of historic preservation.
Protecting mode and design skill are two aspects of modern bank architecture protection design method. The application conditions, gains and losses of the protection methods included four patterns——"old merged into new", "new melted to old", "new old apposition" and "new old insulate"——proceed from the value of the extreme protection of the modern bank buildings, and the appropriate design skills should be chosen on the basis of the architectural concrete condition and from the different angles such as space, form, order and context etc.
The modern bank architecture have two basic types with contrary appearance: the modern bank architecture with intact substance and high value and the broken modern bank architecture. By means of the explain of many cases as the protection design of former Tianjin Zhejiang XingYe Bank and former Shijiazhuang PBC Head Office, the speciality of the historic protection of modern bank architecture is exactly the reflection of its value composition.
The evaluation of the restoration technique strategy is the key connected the design method and the restoration techniques. The POE method such as total trace and subjective appraisals are led into the whole course of the restoration works of foremer Tianjin Jincheng bank, and verified the important value of the technique strategy POE for the pros and cons experience of the modern building historic restoration in our country. The summary of the regulation, such as nondestructive testing, the restoration technique of brick, stone and mortars, and so on, aimed at explain that the universality evaluation of the restoration techniques strategy is an effective counter measure that can control the pointers such as degree of reversibility, interference, safety and satisfaction to fit new multidisciplinary setup in the restoration techniques.
设计方法、修复技术和技术策略评估是近代银行建筑历史性保护的三个核心范畴,三者的相互关系是论证历史性保护一般规律的逻辑基础。
保护模式和设计手法是近代银行建筑保护性设计方法的两个方面。“老并入新”、“新融于老”、“新老并置”和“新老隔离”等四个保护模式的适用条件及其利弊得失都是以最大程度地保存近代银行建筑的价值为出发点,应根据建筑的具体条件,从空间、形式、秩序和文脉等角度选择合适的设计手法。
近代银行建筑有两个表象相反的基本类型:本体完好并具有较高价值的近代银行建筑以及残破性近代银行建筑。以原浙江兴业银行和石家庄中国人民银行总行原址的保护性设计为中心的大量实例说明,近代银行建筑历史性保护的特殊性正是其价值构成特征的反映。
修复技术策略评估是连接设计方法和修复技术的关键环节。本文将全程跟踪和主观评估等后评估方法引入天津原金城银行修复工程的全过程,验证了技术策略后评估对于总结我国近代历史建筑修复正反经验所具有的重大价值。无损检测、砖石、砂浆等修复技术应用规律的总结旨在说明,修复技术策略一般性评估是把握可逆度、干预度、安全度和满意度等指标以适应修复技术中多学科交叉渗透新格局的有效对策。
Historic preservation of modern bank architecture has common characteristics with other types of historic architectures while it shows particularity due to its unique ontology and values. Consequently, the correct method of preservation should be a combination with similarities and particularities, and also an integration of general rules and specific circumstances.
Design Method, restoration technology and technology strategy evaluation are three core categories of modern bank architecture historic preservation. The relationship between them is the logic basis for demonstrating the general rules of historic preservation.
Protecting mode and design skill are two aspects of modern bank architecture protection design method. The application conditions, gains and losses of the protection methods included four patterns——"old merged into new", "new melted to old", "new old apposition" and "new old insulate"——proceed from the value of the extreme protection of the modern bank buildings, and the appropriate design skills should be chosen on the basis of the architectural concrete condition and from the different angles such as space, form, order and context etc.
The modern bank architecture have two basic types with contrary appearance: the modern bank architecture with intact substance and high value and the broken modern bank architecture. By means of the explain of many cases as the protection design of former Tianjin Zhejiang XingYe Bank and former Shijiazhuang PBC Head Office, the speciality of the historic protection of modern bank architecture is exactly the reflection of its value composition.
The evaluation of the restoration technique strategy is the key connected the design method and the restoration techniques. The POE method such as total trace and subjective appraisals are led into the whole course of the restoration works of foremer Tianjin Jincheng bank, and verified the important value of the technique strategy POE for the pros and cons experience of the modern building historic restoration in our country. The summary of the regulation, such as nondestructive testing, the restoration technique of brick, stone and mortars, and so on, aimed at explain that the universality evaluation of the restoration techniques strategy is an effective counter measure that can control the pointers such as degree of reversibility, interference, safety and satisfaction to fit new multidisciplinary setup in the restoration techniques.
引文
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[4]梁航琳,大遗址保护---城市化进程中历史文化遗产保护研究:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[5]李将,城市历史遗产保护的文化变迁与价值冲突:[博士学位论文],上海:同济大学,2006
[6]李海清,中国建筑现代转型之研究——关于建筑技术、制度、观念三个层面的思考(1840～1949):[博士学位论文],南京:东南大学,2002
[7]李睿,重庆近代金融建筑研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆:重庆大学,2006
[8]湛彤,武汉近代银行建筑设计研究:[硕士学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2007
[9]蒲仪军,外滩历史建筑保护及再利用的策略与技术研究—以外滩3号、9号、18号为例:[硕士学位论文],上海:同济大学,2006
[10]陈静,建筑外部形态更新:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
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[15]安春啸,旧建筑更新调研主观评价方法初探:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
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[3] http://www.nps.gov
[4] http://forum.skyscraperpage.com
[5] http://zone.ibbs.cn/index.php
[6] http://www.memoryofchina.org/bbs
[7]http://www.carmassiarchitecture.com
[8] http://www.arcspace.com
[9] http://www.archdaily.com
[10]http://www.abbs.com.cn
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①参考:陆地.论建筑遗产修复中的差异性完形_以提图斯凯旋门为例,新建筑,2007/01
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