社会工程与中国现代性的建构
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摘要
从社会工程的视角对中国现代性的建构加以设计、规划、管理和创新既是挥之不去的“现代性续写”情结在中国的延伸,更是建设有中国特色社会主义事业发展的客观需求。本文在详细考察中国现代性历史发展过程的基础上揭示了中国现代性发展的内在逻辑、特点、现实困境与发展需要,指出中国现代性的特殊性、复杂性和差异性决定了我国的现代性发展需要培育中国特色。应对这一现实要求,本文在马克思的现代性批判理论及其实践哲学视域中,从理论上、逻辑上解答了现代性是否能够以社会工程的方式加以建构的疑问,提出了现代性建构社会工程化的思维。在此基础上,本文探讨了社会工程作为科学方法为中国消除其现代社会的矛盾,解决其现代性发展中的两难困境,进而构建和谐社会提供的方法论支撑。与此同时,围绕我国现代性生成过程中的四个核心问题,即社会发展的价值抉择问题、社会制度的正当性问题、社会结构的合理性问题以及社会个体的主体性问题,本文提出了详细的建构方案,包括:以前瞻性的社会工程理念来重构社会理性;以科学的社会工程设计来重建社会秩序;以突破性的社会工程创新来重塑社会结构;以高效的社会工程管理来重整社会关系。
Modern society is the organic unification of modernity concepts and modern activities, so modernity becomes one of the most focal topics currently. The main task of criticism on modernity is not only the choosing between keeping and exceeding modernity, the more important point is to avoid the spreading of modernity crisis which caused by the paradox of modernity itself, and the same time to correct the abnormality of the society which caused by the over development of modernity, in this way the more serious crisis and damages are supposed to be avoided. During the vigorous process of building there modernization, Chinese people are continuously building up there own modernity. After the development for several decads, Chinese society is not the traditional normal society any more. Considering the strained and unharmonious relationships between human and nature, human and society, which because of the monopolization of natural technology and the lag of social technology, it is obviously that the traditional methods can not solve all the problems and conflicts in the development of Chinese society. To find the new way for the development of modernity and to create the new method for modernity construction has already become the prerequisite of the development of modern Chinese society, in parallel it will provide a chance for China to build there own modernity.
From philosophy point of view, as the result of high self-conscious sense of human society, social engineering can be defined as the process below: basing on its’own mastery of social laws and the theories of social science, by the methods of social technology, the social subject reconstructs social world, coordinates social run, adjusts social relationships, eliminates social conflicts. In terms of its’essence, social engineering is the development of Marxian practical paradigm, is the application and specification of practical rationality. In terms of modernity’s construction, social engineering has a special value, one hand, social engineering is the mastery and summary of the law of modern society. By systematic design and plan for the whole society and country, social engineering becomes an important platform and media of modernity’s construction. On the other hand, different from the previous way of thinking, which only try to solve modernity’s problems from the relationship between human and nature point of view, social engineering try to solve these problems also from the social relationship between people point of view. It will provide a new method to eleminate the conflicts of modern society, and to solve the problems of the development of modernity. Just base on it, this article had raised the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction, and had introduced the idea of the engineering for Chinese modernity’s constrution from the philosophy of social engineering point of view. This article put Chinese modernity’s construction into the frame of social engineering, used social engineering design to draw the buleprint of the development of Chinese modernity, used social engineering management to control the process of Chinese modernity’s construction and used social engineering innovation to enhance the Chinese characteristics of modernity’s construction. This is the totally new plan for Chinese modernity’s construction. The design, plan, management and innovation for Chinese modernity from the philosophy of social engineerin point of view is necessary for the development of building socialism with chinese characteristics.
This article mainly contains below five sections:
First, by the analysis of the multiple meaning of modernity, the logic of history and the core reason of modernity’s crisis, this article had described the technical reason of the occourrence and development of modern society, further more this article had pointed that as the direct motion for appearance of modernity, technical rationality is also the root reason for the embarrassed status of modern society, which contains both prosperity and conflicts, development and crisis. The deep investigation on the paradox of modernity’s theory had made the mastery of modernity’s problems come to the truth, and basicly clarified the route of modernity’s development.
Second, when the paradox of modernity put modern civilization into current embarrassed status, Chinese society started its’own modern process completely. In this case, Chinese modernity’s construction wil be inevitably comanied by deep consciousness of crisis. It can be seen from history that modernity has alwary been the valuable target of Chinese people since modern history. During the process of keeping pursuit for it, China had been involved in the development of global modernity. As for Chinese society, which is now in the key step of social transformation, to speed up modern construction and build modernity is the inevitable choice. As a country with delayed modernity, Chinese modernity’s construction will must be full of comlication and conflicts, and face the difficult choose between tradition and modern, repeating and surpass. But that does not mean we will take the way which had been used by western countries. It had been proved that there is not only one kind of modernity, and there is not only one kind of modern mode, if Chinese modernity want to be independent it must eleminate and surpass the way from western countries. Only by its’own practice, analysis, design and innovation, China can ensure the well development of its’modernization. This is the basic judgement for Chinese modernity, from here we can see that there are still a lots of things need to be done for the design of Chinese modernity.
Third, base on the thinking of modernity which had surpassed traditional rationality, Marx realized his change of the philosophy topic of researching, and finished his transformation of the prctice of philosophy researching. The introduction of practical paradigm and practical rationality is Marxian important test on dissolving the paradox of modernity, from it people can also get the confidence for rebuilding modernity by practical paradigm. Along with the way of practical philosophy of Marxian modernity criticism, this article try to find the way from reality, not from concept, to get rid of the crisis of modernity. The introduction of the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction is just the development of Marxian practical paradigm. The thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction is to treat the appearance and development of modernity as an unnatural process. Modernity is a product by people, is an ideal social status. It causes the appearance of industrial society, countries, the development of cities and the typical social structure and democratization of modern society. During the development from traditional one to modern one, the formation of modernity would not happen without the thinking and design of social engineering. By the design, plan and application of social engineering, the purpose of modernity had been put into the prctice of of people’s reforming for traditional society, then it coused a series of changes in social structure, social mode and social relationship as well, the final result is modern society. Just because of social engineering, modernity can grow up from traditional society. This is the value of the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction which mentioned in this article. Within the theory of Marxian criticism of modernity and his practical philosophy, this article had made the pre-criticism for the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction, and had answered the question why the social engineering of modernity’s construction is possible. As the development of Marxian practical paradigm, social engineering is both the media and the way of modernity’s construction.
Fourth, in the process of China’s transformation from traditional to modern society, the modernity of China started from difficulties and came to an embarrassed status, for example, the development of natural technologies and the lack of social technologies, the strong spirit of science and weak spirit of humanism, etc. Due to these problems, any efforts which want to analysis and discuss Chinese modernity’s construction without thinking about the crisis of modernity will make no sence. By the introduction of the engineering of Chinese modernity’s construction, this article described that as the way of social management which combined natural and social technologies, as the new form of orgnization which combined the spirit of science and humanism, and as the effective method which combined the researching of theoretical and social practice, social engineering provides the new way for solving the crisis of modernity and building the harmonious society, then it will give Chinese modernity its’own characteristics. This is the sence of social engineering for Chinese modernity’s construction.
Fifth, during the construction of Chinese modernity,there are four core questions to be solved. The first is how to select the value of the development of society. The second is the legitimacy of the social system. The third is the legitimacy of the social structure. The fourth is the station of individual in the society. In order to solve the four core questions, the article put forward one project about how to build Chinese modernity. The main content of the project includes four sides.The first is using one new concept to rebuild the rationality of society. The second is by means of the scientific design of social engineering to rebuild the social system. The third is by means of the advanced innovation of social engineering to rebuild the social structure. The fourth is by means of the effective management of social engineering to rebuild the social relation. This project will promote the ideal of building Chinese modernity coming to truth. Social engineering can make the constructiong of Chinese modernity more scientific ,logical and effective.The writer hope that this project can promote the society running well.Then, this project would become one new way to develop Chinese modernity.
Modern society is the organic unification of modernity concepts and modern activities, so modernity becomes one of the most focal topics currently. The main task of criticism on modernity is not only the choosing between keeping and exceeding modernity, the more important point is to avoid the spreading of modernity crisis which caused by the paradox of modernity itself, and the same time to correct the abnormality of the society which caused by the over development of modernity, in this way the more serious crisis and damages are supposed to be avoided. During the vigorous process of building there modernization, Chinese people are continuously building up there own modernity. After the development for several decads, Chinese society is not the traditional normal society any more. Considering the strained and unharmonious relationships between human and nature, human and society, which because of the monopolization of natural technology and the lag of social technology, it is obviously that the traditional methods can not solve all the problems and conflicts in the development of Chinese society. To find the new way for the development of modernity and to create the new method for modernity construction has already become the prerequisite of the development of modern Chinese society, in parallel it will provide a chance for China to build there own modernity.
From philosophy point of view, as the result of high self-conscious sense of human society, social engineering can be defined as the process below: basing on its’own mastery of social laws and the theories of social science, by the methods of social technology, the social subject reconstructs social world, coordinates social run, adjusts social relationships, eliminates social conflicts. In terms of its’essence, social engineering is the development of Marxian practical paradigm, is the application and specification of practical rationality. In terms of modernity’s construction, social engineering has a special value, one hand, social engineering is the mastery and summary of the law of modern society. By systematic design and plan for the whole society and country, social engineering becomes an important platform and media of modernity’s construction. On the other hand, different from the previous way of thinking, which only try to solve modernity’s problems from the relationship between human and nature point of view, social engineering try to solve these problems also from the social relationship between people point of view. It will provide a new method to eleminate the conflicts of modern society, and to solve the problems of the development of modernity. Just base on it, this article had raised the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction, and had introduced the idea of the engineering for Chinese modernity’s constrution from the philosophy of social engineering point of view. This article put Chinese modernity’s construction into the frame of social engineering, used social engineering design to draw the buleprint of the development of Chinese modernity, used social engineering management to control the process of Chinese modernity’s construction and used social engineering innovation to enhance the Chinese characteristics of modernity’s construction. This is the totally new plan for Chinese modernity’s construction. The design, plan, management and innovation for Chinese modernity from the philosophy of social engineerin point of view is necessary for the development of building socialism with chinese characteristics.
This article mainly contains below five sections:
First, by the analysis of the multiple meaning of modernity, the logic of history and the core reason of modernity’s crisis, this article had described the technical reason of the occourrence and development of modern society, further more this article had pointed that as the direct motion for appearance of modernity, technical rationality is also the root reason for the embarrassed status of modern society, which contains both prosperity and conflicts, development and crisis. The deep investigation on the paradox of modernity’s theory had made the mastery of modernity’s problems come to the truth, and basicly clarified the route of modernity’s development.
Second, when the paradox of modernity put modern civilization into current embarrassed status, Chinese society started its’own modern process completely. In this case, Chinese modernity’s construction wil be inevitably comanied by deep consciousness of crisis. It can be seen from history that modernity has alwary been the valuable target of Chinese people since modern history. During the process of keeping pursuit for it, China had been involved in the development of global modernity. As for Chinese society, which is now in the key step of social transformation, to speed up modern construction and build modernity is the inevitable choice. As a country with delayed modernity, Chinese modernity’s construction will must be full of comlication and conflicts, and face the difficult choose between tradition and modern, repeating and surpass. But that does not mean we will take the way which had been used by western countries. It had been proved that there is not only one kind of modernity, and there is not only one kind of modern mode, if Chinese modernity want to be independent it must eleminate and surpass the way from western countries. Only by its’own practice, analysis, design and innovation, China can ensure the well development of its’modernization. This is the basic judgement for Chinese modernity, from here we can see that there are still a lots of things need to be done for the design of Chinese modernity.
Third, base on the thinking of modernity which had surpassed traditional rationality, Marx realized his change of the philosophy topic of researching, and finished his transformation of the prctice of philosophy researching. The introduction of practical paradigm and practical rationality is Marxian important test on dissolving the paradox of modernity, from it people can also get the confidence for rebuilding modernity by practical paradigm. Along with the way of practical philosophy of Marxian modernity criticism, this article try to find the way from reality, not from concept, to get rid of the crisis of modernity. The introduction of the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction is just the development of Marxian practical paradigm. The thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction is to treat the appearance and development of modernity as an unnatural process. Modernity is a product by people, is an ideal social status. It causes the appearance of industrial society, countries, the development of cities and the typical social structure and democratization of modern society. During the development from traditional one to modern one, the formation of modernity would not happen without the thinking and design of social engineering. By the design, plan and application of social engineering, the purpose of modernity had been put into the prctice of of people’s reforming for traditional society, then it coused a series of changes in social structure, social mode and social relationship as well, the final result is modern society. Just because of social engineering, modernity can grow up from traditional society. This is the value of the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction which mentioned in this article. Within the theory of Marxian criticism of modernity and his practical philosophy, this article had made the pre-criticism for the thinking of social engineering of modernity’s construction, and had answered the question why the social engineering of modernity’s construction is possible. As the development of Marxian practical paradigm, social engineering is both the media and the way of modernity’s construction.
Fourth, in the process of China’s transformation from traditional to modern society, the modernity of China started from difficulties and came to an embarrassed status, for example, the development of natural technologies and the lack of social technologies, the strong spirit of science and weak spirit of humanism, etc. Due to these problems, any efforts which want to analysis and discuss Chinese modernity’s construction without thinking about the crisis of modernity will make no sence. By the introduction of the engineering of Chinese modernity’s construction, this article described that as the way of social management which combined natural and social technologies, as the new form of orgnization which combined the spirit of science and humanism, and as the effective method which combined the researching of theoretical and social practice, social engineering provides the new way for solving the crisis of modernity and building the harmonious society, then it will give Chinese modernity its’own characteristics. This is the sence of social engineering for Chinese modernity’s construction.
Fifth, during the construction of Chinese modernity,there are four core questions to be solved. The first is how to select the value of the development of society. The second is the legitimacy of the social system. The third is the legitimacy of the social structure. The fourth is the station of individual in the society. In order to solve the four core questions, the article put forward one project about how to build Chinese modernity. The main content of the project includes four sides.The first is using one new concept to rebuild the rationality of society. The second is by means of the scientific design of social engineering to rebuild the social system. The third is by means of the advanced innovation of social engineering to rebuild the social structure. The fourth is by means of the effective management of social engineering to rebuild the social relation. This project will promote the ideal of building Chinese modernity coming to truth. Social engineering can make the constructiong of Chinese modernity more scientific ,logical and effective.The writer hope that this project can promote the society running well.Then, this project would become one new way to develop Chinese modernity.
引文
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