湖北海棠（Malus hupehensis）不同居群变异式样及遗传多样性的研究
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摘要
湖北海棠Malus hupehensis (Pamp.)Rehd.是我国苹果属中重要的野生果树资源之一本研究通过对中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)、江苏省中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(NAS)、南京林业大学树木标本馆(NF)等国内10余家标本馆的1000余号、1600余份湖北海棠腊叶标本进行查阅,初步掌握了湖北海棠的变异及演化规律。于2008年5～8月对位于山东(泰山和蒙山)、湖北(武当山和神农架林区)、福建(武夷山)、浙江(西天目山)的8个湖北海棠天然居群和同一分布区内3个毛山荆子居群的样本进行了实地调查研究。采集湖北海棠标本160余号、毛山荆子标本110余号,对其中湖北海棠142个样本进行表型水平上和DNA分子水平上的遗传多样性研究。主要研究成果如下：
1.对湖北海棠的地理分布进行了全面系统的研究,基本弄清了其表型性状随地理分布的变化规律和变异幅度,并与其近缘种山荆子、毛山荆子进行比较研究,得出三个种形态上的主要区别特征。
2.通过DNA分子标记研究结果,揭示了湖北海棠居群的遗传变异水平与遗传结构。初步了确定各居群间的亲缘关系,并对其多样性中心及迁移路线进行了推断。
3.首次报道了华东地区湖北海棠与毛山荆子的垂直替代现象,对二者的分布记录进行了修正。
4.对湖北海棠种下的分类等级进行了全面整理,对于一些湖北海棠类型的分类地位予以确定,并给出了形态描述,编制了湖北海棠种下等级分类检索表。
Malus hupehensis (Pamp.)Rehd. was one of important wild fruit tree resources in China. Through inspecting of more than 1000 numbers, more than 1600 copies of M. hupehensis specimens from more than 10 main herbaria(PE, NAS, NF, etc.) in China, the variation and evolution laws were initially mastered. From May to August in 2008, field investigations of 8 M. hupehensis natural populations of Shandong Province(Mt.Tai and Mt.Meng),Hubei Province(Mt. Wudang and Shennongjia), Fujian Province(Mt. Wuyi), Zhejiang Province(Mt. West Tianmu) and 3 M. mandshurica populations in the same distribution area were carried out. Primary research results were as follows:
1. The geographical distribution of M. hupehensis was studied roundly and systematically, the diversification law and variation range of phenotypic characteristics along with geographical distribution were understood fully. And it was compared with its closely related species M. baccata and M. mandshurica, the main differences among three species were given.
2. Through the results of DNA molecular markers the level of genetic variation and genetic structure of M. hupehensis populations was revealed. The genetic relationships among these populations were initially determined, its centers of diversity and migration routes were also deduced.
3. The vertical substitution phenomenon of M. hupehensis and M. mandshurica in East China was reported for the first time, and the distribution records of the two were corrected.
4. The infra-species taxonomical grades of M. hupehensis were revised comprehensively. The taxonomic status of some types was confirmed, the morphological descriptions were given, and a taxonomic key of M. hupehensis infra-species was compiled.
1.对湖北海棠的地理分布进行了全面系统的研究,基本弄清了其表型性状随地理分布的变化规律和变异幅度,并与其近缘种山荆子、毛山荆子进行比较研究,得出三个种形态上的主要区别特征。
2.通过DNA分子标记研究结果,揭示了湖北海棠居群的遗传变异水平与遗传结构。初步了确定各居群间的亲缘关系,并对其多样性中心及迁移路线进行了推断。
3.首次报道了华东地区湖北海棠与毛山荆子的垂直替代现象,对二者的分布记录进行了修正。
4.对湖北海棠种下的分类等级进行了全面整理,对于一些湖北海棠类型的分类地位予以确定,并给出了形态描述,编制了湖北海棠种下等级分类检索表。
Malus hupehensis (Pamp.)Rehd. was one of important wild fruit tree resources in China. Through inspecting of more than 1000 numbers, more than 1600 copies of M. hupehensis specimens from more than 10 main herbaria(PE, NAS, NF, etc.) in China, the variation and evolution laws were initially mastered. From May to August in 2008, field investigations of 8 M. hupehensis natural populations of Shandong Province(Mt.Tai and Mt.Meng),Hubei Province(Mt. Wudang and Shennongjia), Fujian Province(Mt. Wuyi), Zhejiang Province(Mt. West Tianmu) and 3 M. mandshurica populations in the same distribution area were carried out. Primary research results were as follows:
1. The geographical distribution of M. hupehensis was studied roundly and systematically, the diversification law and variation range of phenotypic characteristics along with geographical distribution were understood fully. And it was compared with its closely related species M. baccata and M. mandshurica, the main differences among three species were given.
2. Through the results of DNA molecular markers the level of genetic variation and genetic structure of M. hupehensis populations was revealed. The genetic relationships among these populations were initially determined, its centers of diversity and migration routes were also deduced.
3. The vertical substitution phenomenon of M. hupehensis and M. mandshurica in East China was reported for the first time, and the distribution records of the two were corrected.
4. The infra-species taxonomical grades of M. hupehensis were revised comprehensively. The taxonomic status of some types was confirmed, the morphological descriptions were given, and a taxonomic key of M. hupehensis infra-species was compiled.
引文
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