基于林业合作组织的森林保险组织模式研究
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摘要
森林保险是国家支持林业发展的重要政策工具,是市场经济条件下恢复和稳定林业生产的一个重要经济手段。我国的森林保险起步较晚,1982年开始进行森林保险的理论与方法探讨,1984年开始进行森林保险的试点工作。进入21世纪以来,随着改革开放、社会主义新农村建设和集体林权制度改革的不断推进,人们对发展森林保险的必要性有了更加深刻的认识,尤其是2009年开展政策性森林保险试点工作以来,在中央和地方各级政府的大力扶持下,我国的森林保险事业得到了长足发展,取得了一些可喜成绩,为稳定林业发展,增加林农收入,巩固集体林权制度改革成果作出了一定的贡献。但是,也暴露出一些问题,例如组织体系不完善、市场供需矛盾、法律法规缺位、资金和技术薄弱、费率厘定机制不合理、保险产品设计科学性不高、保险额度偏低、市场监管不规范等等。如果从森林保险组织体系角度出发,在当前国家积极推进林业合作组织发展的背景下,政策性森林保险自身的组织体系中没有将林业合作组织的作用加以有效的发挥和利用,是近年来影响我国森林保险发展的主要原因之一。因此,构建合理的森林保险组织体系并加以模式化就显得尤为重要。
首先,通过对国内外森林保险不同方面的比较分析,总结出了林业合作组织对完善森林保险组织体系,促进森林保险发展的必要性。其次,通过理论分析和调查数据相结合,比较分析和归纳总结相结合的方法,在文章所限定的研究范围内,系统分析了我国森林保险的现状,提出了目前我国森林保险发展中存在的突出问题,并通过对组织模式概念的引入和比较分析,找到了解决问题的途径；在政策性协保制度框架下,设计了基于林业合作组织的森林保险组织模式,并对组织模式设计的指导思想、组织体系的构成要素、运行机制及其优越性等方面进行了详细的分析和说明。总结出在我国林业合作组织发展较好的地区推行该模式是进一步推进我国森林保险发展的较优选择；最后为了能够更好地促进该模式的发展,为我国森林保险提供可靠的组织保障,针对其外部环境建设提出了六点建议。
Forest insurance is an important policy tool to support forestry development, under the conditions of market economy is the recovery and stabilization of forestry production is an important economic means. The forest of our country insurance started late, started in1982to carry out the forest insurance theory and methods, beginning in1984for forest insurance pilot work. Enter since twenty-first Century, with the opening and reform, the construction of new socialist countryside and the collective forest right system reform, the development of forest insurance the necessity for a more profound understanding, especially2009to carry out policy-oriented forest insurance pilot work since, in the central and the local government give aid to energetically below, our country forest insurance industry got great progress, achieved gratifying results, for the stability of forestry development, increasing farmers' income, consolidate the collective forest right system reform achievement to make a certain contribution. However, it has also exposed some problems, such as organization system is not perfect, law vacancy, Contradiction of market supply and demand, capital and technology is weak, pricing mechanism unreasonable, insurance product design science is not high, the low coverage, market supervision regulations. If the forest insurance system point of view, in the current state of actively promoting forestry cooperation organization development in the context of policy forest insurance, its organization system without the forestry cooperative organizations role effectively develop and use effect, is in recent years the development of forest insurance in China is one of the main reasons. Therefore, constructing a reasonable forest insurance system and mode is particularly important.
First of all, through to the domestic and foreign forestry insurance in different aspects of comparative analysis, summed up forestry cooperative organization on improving forest insurance system, promoting the development of forest insurance necessity. Secondly, through the theoretical analysis and the investigation of combining data, comparative analysis and summary on the method of combining, defined within the study, the system analysis our country forest insurance present situation, proposed the present our country forest insurance the outstanding problem that exists in development, and through the organization mode of concept introduction and comparison analysis, find the way to solve the problem; in the policy of security system, based on the design of the forestry cooperative organization of forest insurance organization mode, and the organization design guiding ideology, organization system elements, operation mechanism and the superiority and other aspects of a detailed analysis and description. Summed up in the forestry cooperation organizations in China developed areas to carry out the mode is to further promote the development of forest insurance in China a better choice; finally, in order to better promote the mode of the development of forest insurance in China, in order to provide reliable organizational guarantee for the construction of external environment, put forward six proposals.
首先,通过对国内外森林保险不同方面的比较分析,总结出了林业合作组织对完善森林保险组织体系,促进森林保险发展的必要性。其次,通过理论分析和调查数据相结合,比较分析和归纳总结相结合的方法,在文章所限定的研究范围内,系统分析了我国森林保险的现状,提出了目前我国森林保险发展中存在的突出问题,并通过对组织模式概念的引入和比较分析,找到了解决问题的途径；在政策性协保制度框架下,设计了基于林业合作组织的森林保险组织模式,并对组织模式设计的指导思想、组织体系的构成要素、运行机制及其优越性等方面进行了详细的分析和说明。总结出在我国林业合作组织发展较好的地区推行该模式是进一步推进我国森林保险发展的较优选择；最后为了能够更好地促进该模式的发展,为我国森林保险提供可靠的组织保障,针对其外部环境建设提出了六点建议。
Forest insurance is an important policy tool to support forestry development, under the conditions of market economy is the recovery and stabilization of forestry production is an important economic means. The forest of our country insurance started late, started in1982to carry out the forest insurance theory and methods, beginning in1984for forest insurance pilot work. Enter since twenty-first Century, with the opening and reform, the construction of new socialist countryside and the collective forest right system reform, the development of forest insurance the necessity for a more profound understanding, especially2009to carry out policy-oriented forest insurance pilot work since, in the central and the local government give aid to energetically below, our country forest insurance industry got great progress, achieved gratifying results, for the stability of forestry development, increasing farmers' income, consolidate the collective forest right system reform achievement to make a certain contribution. However, it has also exposed some problems, such as organization system is not perfect, law vacancy, Contradiction of market supply and demand, capital and technology is weak, pricing mechanism unreasonable, insurance product design science is not high, the low coverage, market supervision regulations. If the forest insurance system point of view, in the current state of actively promoting forestry cooperation organization development in the context of policy forest insurance, its organization system without the forestry cooperative organizations role effectively develop and use effect, is in recent years the development of forest insurance in China is one of the main reasons. Therefore, constructing a reasonable forest insurance system and mode is particularly important.
First of all, through to the domestic and foreign forestry insurance in different aspects of comparative analysis, summed up forestry cooperative organization on improving forest insurance system, promoting the development of forest insurance necessity. Secondly, through the theoretical analysis and the investigation of combining data, comparative analysis and summary on the method of combining, defined within the study, the system analysis our country forest insurance present situation, proposed the present our country forest insurance the outstanding problem that exists in development, and through the organization mode of concept introduction and comparison analysis, find the way to solve the problem; in the policy of security system, based on the design of the forestry cooperative organization of forest insurance organization mode, and the organization design guiding ideology, organization system elements, operation mechanism and the superiority and other aspects of a detailed analysis and description. Summed up in the forestry cooperation organizations in China developed areas to carry out the mode is to further promote the development of forest insurance in China a better choice; finally, in order to better promote the mode of the development of forest insurance in China, in order to provide reliable organizational guarantee for the construction of external environment, put forward six proposals.
引文
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