基于快速标定方法的三维物体表面轮廓测量系统的研究
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摘要
本文针对FTP三维物体表面轮廓测量方法进行了深入的研究。提出了一种新的工程标定及相应的解相方法，利用此方法研制了一套实用的三维物体表面形状测量系统。
1．FTP(Fourier Transform Profilometry)方法与其它方法相比较，测量过程简单，容易形成测量系统，故本文对FTP方法在实际测量中遇到的问题进行了详细的分析研究，并给出了相应的解决方法。
2．系统标定是FTP法测量中的关键部分。本文在对FTP法测量系统结构进行分析的基础上，设计了易于调整的测量系统结构，并针对该结构提出了一种用于工程测量的全场高度标定方法。通过移动标定平面到两个不同位置，得到标定位置处的光栅图像，根据平面间的相位差和高度差得到高度标定矩阵。通过实验验证，该标定方法可有效地标定出物体的实际高度。
3．在传统解相方法中，由于噪声点的存在很容易造成解相的失败。因此本文对FTP法的解相问题做了改进，提出了一种逐点增长解相方法，可以快速得到变形光栅相对参考光栅的实际相位差，有效地消除相位图象中噪声的影响，并用实验对所提出的解相方法进行了验证。
4．本文利用相位法测得物体的高度数据后，结合摄像机立体标定技术，标定出物体表面点的三维坐标，得到物体的真实三维数据，并利用软件实现测量数据的三维重构。
5．本文设计了可移动标定平面等测量系统硬件。利用Visual C++6.0开发了系统标定软件和测量软件。
6．本文对相位法在大场景中的测量进行了理论分析和实验验证。
Based on the study of the 3-D FTP(Fourier Transform Profilometry), this thesis presents a new engineering calibration method and a new phase-unwrapping method. And then a practical measurement system of 3-D object surfaces has been developed.
The study includes the following contents:
1. Comparing with other methods, FTP is much easier in the data processing and easy to make up a system, so this thesis analyzes some problems, which may be met during the measuring course, and then shows how to solve those problems.
2. System calibration is a key part of the FTP measurement. In this article, after analyzing the measurement system structure, it designs a new system, which is much easier in adjusting, and then it presents a height-calibrating method, which is practical in the engineering measurement. In the height-calibrating method, after the calibration board is moved twice, the calibration matrix can be got from the relationship between the phase and the height of the calibration board. And this method is proved utilitarian in getting the real shape of the object quickly.
3. In the traditional unwrapping methods, unwrapping is often failed when there are noises in the images. In this article, a new unwrapping method is presented, which can get the real phase of the image and overcome the influence of the noises.
4. After the measurement system solves the difference of phase through FTP and makes the data multiply with the calibration matrix, the real height of the object surface can be got. Then this thesis realizes how to reconstruct the height data of 3-D object surface.
5. This thesis has designed a hardware structure and developed a software system by Visual C++ 6.0.
6. This article also analyzes the problems of the FTP applied to the measurement of large area and then gives two examples of the experiment.
1．FTP(Fourier Transform Profilometry)方法与其它方法相比较，测量过程简单，容易形成测量系统，故本文对FTP方法在实际测量中遇到的问题进行了详细的分析研究，并给出了相应的解决方法。
2．系统标定是FTP法测量中的关键部分。本文在对FTP法测量系统结构进行分析的基础上，设计了易于调整的测量系统结构，并针对该结构提出了一种用于工程测量的全场高度标定方法。通过移动标定平面到两个不同位置，得到标定位置处的光栅图像，根据平面间的相位差和高度差得到高度标定矩阵。通过实验验证，该标定方法可有效地标定出物体的实际高度。
3．在传统解相方法中，由于噪声点的存在很容易造成解相的失败。因此本文对FTP法的解相问题做了改进，提出了一种逐点增长解相方法，可以快速得到变形光栅相对参考光栅的实际相位差，有效地消除相位图象中噪声的影响，并用实验对所提出的解相方法进行了验证。
4．本文利用相位法测得物体的高度数据后，结合摄像机立体标定技术，标定出物体表面点的三维坐标，得到物体的真实三维数据，并利用软件实现测量数据的三维重构。
5．本文设计了可移动标定平面等测量系统硬件。利用Visual C++6.0开发了系统标定软件和测量软件。
6．本文对相位法在大场景中的测量进行了理论分析和实验验证。
Based on the study of the 3-D FTP(Fourier Transform Profilometry), this thesis presents a new engineering calibration method and a new phase-unwrapping method. And then a practical measurement system of 3-D object surfaces has been developed.
The study includes the following contents:
1. Comparing with other methods, FTP is much easier in the data processing and easy to make up a system, so this thesis analyzes some problems, which may be met during the measuring course, and then shows how to solve those problems.
2. System calibration is a key part of the FTP measurement. In this article, after analyzing the measurement system structure, it designs a new system, which is much easier in adjusting, and then it presents a height-calibrating method, which is practical in the engineering measurement. In the height-calibrating method, after the calibration board is moved twice, the calibration matrix can be got from the relationship between the phase and the height of the calibration board. And this method is proved utilitarian in getting the real shape of the object quickly.
3. In the traditional unwrapping methods, unwrapping is often failed when there are noises in the images. In this article, a new unwrapping method is presented, which can get the real phase of the image and overcome the influence of the noises.
4. After the measurement system solves the difference of phase through FTP and makes the data multiply with the calibration matrix, the real height of the object surface can be got. Then this thesis realizes how to reconstruct the height data of 3-D object surface.
5. This thesis has designed a hardware structure and developed a software system by Visual C++ 6.0.
6. This article also analyzes the problems of the FTP applied to the measurement of large area and then gives two examples of the experiment.
引文
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