光通信用短脉冲源的研制及其在波长变换中的应用研究
摘要
具有丰富带宽资源的光纤通信成为满足目前及未来巨大通信容量需求
的唯一选择。由于受光纤色散的影响，光脉冲的谱宽度决定了传输距离。增
益开关 DFB 激光器和 DFB 激光器加 EAM 外调制等通信系统常用的光脉冲
源都具有初始啁啾。为了解光脉冲源的啁啾特性，必须建立能够精确测量光
脉冲啁啾的测量系统。充分利用光纤的带宽资源成为目前世界各国研究机构
的共同努力目标。从上个世纪 90 年代以来，人们越来越青睐于采用 WDM
方式对通讯系统进行扩容，WDM 全光网的关键技术之一就是波长变换。波
长变换即为波长的再分配和再利用，以解决交叉连接中的波长竞争、有效地
进行路由选择、降低网络的阻塞率，从而提高网络的灵活性和可扩展性。由
于实现简单，采用半导体光放大器的交叉增益调制效应来实现波长变换是目
前研究较多的一种波长变换技术。同时，由于光电光波长变换可以实现 ３Ｒ
再生（再定时、再放大、再整形）功能，可以消除噪声积累和色散积累，从
而改善网络传输性能，在未来的全光网的核心网络还有广泛的应用。
结合所承担的科研项目，本论文主要在超短光脉冲的产生、超短光脉冲
的测量、以及波长变换等方面开展了研究工作。
一、 我们通过数值求解 ＤＦＢ激光器速率方程，得到光脉冲啁啾随外部驱
动条件的变化规律；我们研究了激光器高速封装的关键技术：一是微波
匹配网络的设计。我们首次利用保角变换方法得出了有限地非对称共面
波导传输线的特性阻抗和有效介电常数的解析闭合解，并且用同样的方
法分析了有限地对称共面波导、无限地不对称共面波导和有限地背地对
称共面波导，证明了这种分析方法具有普适性。我们首次提出了利用背
地共面波导形式制作微波匹配阻抗渐变传输线，并利用背地对称共面波
导设计制作了激光器微波匹配阻抗渐变传输线，得到了从 50 欧姆到 5
欧姆的阻抗变换，实现了宽带的良好匹配。二是讨论了激光器与单模光
纤的耦和问题，根据实验室的具体情况和系统需求，分析了拉锥光纤和
119
吉林大学博士学位论文
自聚焦透镜对两种情况，进行了理论分析和实验。我们制作了尾纤输出
的带微波匹配网络的增益开关 ＤＦＢ激光器超短光脉冲源。并对其输出特
性进行了实验研究。
二、 我们利用测量的EAM吸收特性，给出了基于单个EAM和级联EAM
产生超短光脉冲的数值模型，推导出输出光脉冲的脉冲宽度与消光比的
计算公式，分析了脉宽与消光比随调制条件的变化规律，并对单个 EAM
的开关特性进行了分析。我们首次对电脉冲调制 EAM 产生超短光脉冲
的特性进行了分析，给出了基于高斯型电脉冲调制的光脉宽公式。我们
首次提出了基于级联 EAM 产生二倍重复频率光脉冲的方法，并推导出
了产生等幅二倍重复频率光脉冲的工作条件。我们通过测量 EAM 在不
同波长和偏压下的吸收特性，计算了 EAM 输出光脉冲的啁啾参数。我
们进行了 EAM 微波调制和电脉冲调制产生超短光脉冲的实验，给出了
不同驱动条件下的实验结果。
三、 我们阐述了基于条纹分辨二次谐波自相关方法(FRSHG)测量超短光
脉冲的原理，对利用 FRSHG 测量获得的数据进行迭代计算，恢复光脉
冲的强度波形和相位的理论进行数学上的证明。给出了非对称波形和对
称波形两种情况下的迭代算法，并编制了迭代运算程序。通过对自相关
函数进行模拟，验证了程序的正确性。在国内首次建立了基于条纹分辨
二次谐波自相关方法的超短光脉冲测量系统。给出了利用这套测量系统
对增益开关 ＤＦＢ激光器产生光脉冲和 ＤＦＢ激光器加 ＥＡＭ外调制产生光脉
冲的测量结果。
四、 我们对 SOA-XGM 全光波长变换进行了理论分析。通过数值模拟，
给出了同向传输和反向传输两种情况下，变换光波形和啁啾在不同条件
下的变化规律，并进行了波长变换实验，给出了实验结果。利于光纤时
延法产生了 4×2.5GHz的时分复用信号，并对其进行了波长变换实验。
此外我们还进行了光电光波长变换实验研究，在国内首次设计制作了光
电混合集成的光电光变换器模块，并给出了初步的实验结果。
In order to satisfy the enormous communication capability, the fiber
communication with abundant band width sources has been the only choices.
The spectrum width of optical pulses decides the transmission length due to the
limitation of the fiber dispersion. If short pulses source can make the TL optical
pulses, it can minimize the effect of the fiber dispersion. So the optical pulses
source in the fiber communication system must make the pulses reach the
Fourier transform limited pulses. There are initial chirps in optical pulses
generated by gain switch DFB laser and DFB LD+EAM respective in the
communication system. For the sake of long distances transmission, it must
eliminate the chirps. So it needs to build a measuring system to measure the
pulses chirps accurately. How to effectively use the source of the fiber band
width has been one of the hottest optoelectronic R & D projects in the world.
From 1990s, people more and more put their eyes on the WDM communication
system and used it to enlarge the communication capability. The key technology
of the WDM all-optical net is the wavelength conversion. It means the
reassigning and reutilizing of the wavelength. It can settle the wavelength
channel contentions in OXC (optical cross-connection), make the routing
selection effectively and reduce the block ratio of the net, then improve the
flexibility and expandability of the net. Due to its simplicity, the wavelength
conversion by the semiconductor optical amplifier cross gain modulation has
been focused more in the wavelength conversion technology. Since O/E/O
wavelength conversion can realize the 3R regeneration (re－timing ,re－
amplifying, re-shaping)function, it can erase the noise accumulation and
dispersion accumulation, then improve net transmission capability. It will be
used widely in the core-net of the whole optical net in the future.
Combining our research projects, this paper concentrates on the ultra-short
optical pulses generation, its measurement, and the wavelength conversion, etc.
1、After resolving the rate function of the DFB laser numerical, we got the rules
that the chirp of the optical pulses change with external driving condition. We
studied the key technology of the encapsulation of SLD: One is the design of
microwave matching net. In condition of the qusi-static approximation,
calculation of wave characteristic impendence and effective dielectric
constant by conformal mapping techniques were first presented for
asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with finite ground width and substrate
thickness. In the same method, the symmetrical coplanar waveguide with
121
吉林大学博士学位论文
finite ground width and the asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with infinite
ground width are analyzed and the results are coincident with other methods.
So this method is proved to be widely used. For the first time, we calculated
the relationship of characteristic impedance and configuration size, designed
the graded microwave impedance transformed line based on background
coplanar wave-guide, got the impedance conversion from 50? to 5? and
had the good matching at least 7GHz.The other is the coupling of laser and
single mode optical fiber. According to the specific condition of lab and the
need of the system, we analyzed the tapered fibers and the self-focus lens
respectively from the theory analyzing and the experiment. We made the
ultra-short pulses source of the output fiber with microwave matching net
gain switch DFB laser and did the measurement experiment of the output
characteristic.
2、We simulated the ultra-short generation based on the single EAM and the
tandem EAM. Measuring the absorption character of EAM, we built the
calculation model of pulses generation based on single EAM and tandem
EAM, then educed the calculating formula of extinction ratio and pulse
width, analyzed the varied principle of pulse width and extinction ratio
according to the modul
的唯一选择。由于受光纤色散的影响，光脉冲的谱宽度决定了传输距离。增
益开关 DFB 激光器和 DFB 激光器加 EAM 外调制等通信系统常用的光脉冲
源都具有初始啁啾。为了解光脉冲源的啁啾特性，必须建立能够精确测量光
脉冲啁啾的测量系统。充分利用光纤的带宽资源成为目前世界各国研究机构
的共同努力目标。从上个世纪 90 年代以来，人们越来越青睐于采用 WDM
方式对通讯系统进行扩容，WDM 全光网的关键技术之一就是波长变换。波
长变换即为波长的再分配和再利用，以解决交叉连接中的波长竞争、有效地
进行路由选择、降低网络的阻塞率，从而提高网络的灵活性和可扩展性。由
于实现简单，采用半导体光放大器的交叉增益调制效应来实现波长变换是目
前研究较多的一种波长变换技术。同时，由于光电光波长变换可以实现 ３Ｒ
再生（再定时、再放大、再整形）功能，可以消除噪声积累和色散积累，从
而改善网络传输性能，在未来的全光网的核心网络还有广泛的应用。
结合所承担的科研项目，本论文主要在超短光脉冲的产生、超短光脉冲
的测量、以及波长变换等方面开展了研究工作。
一、 我们通过数值求解 ＤＦＢ激光器速率方程，得到光脉冲啁啾随外部驱
动条件的变化规律；我们研究了激光器高速封装的关键技术：一是微波
匹配网络的设计。我们首次利用保角变换方法得出了有限地非对称共面
波导传输线的特性阻抗和有效介电常数的解析闭合解，并且用同样的方
法分析了有限地对称共面波导、无限地不对称共面波导和有限地背地对
称共面波导，证明了这种分析方法具有普适性。我们首次提出了利用背
地共面波导形式制作微波匹配阻抗渐变传输线，并利用背地对称共面波
导设计制作了激光器微波匹配阻抗渐变传输线，得到了从 50 欧姆到 5
欧姆的阻抗变换，实现了宽带的良好匹配。二是讨论了激光器与单模光
纤的耦和问题，根据实验室的具体情况和系统需求，分析了拉锥光纤和
119
吉林大学博士学位论文
自聚焦透镜对两种情况，进行了理论分析和实验。我们制作了尾纤输出
的带微波匹配网络的增益开关 ＤＦＢ激光器超短光脉冲源。并对其输出特
性进行了实验研究。
二、 我们利用测量的EAM吸收特性，给出了基于单个EAM和级联EAM
产生超短光脉冲的数值模型，推导出输出光脉冲的脉冲宽度与消光比的
计算公式，分析了脉宽与消光比随调制条件的变化规律，并对单个 EAM
的开关特性进行了分析。我们首次对电脉冲调制 EAM 产生超短光脉冲
的特性进行了分析，给出了基于高斯型电脉冲调制的光脉宽公式。我们
首次提出了基于级联 EAM 产生二倍重复频率光脉冲的方法，并推导出
了产生等幅二倍重复频率光脉冲的工作条件。我们通过测量 EAM 在不
同波长和偏压下的吸收特性，计算了 EAM 输出光脉冲的啁啾参数。我
们进行了 EAM 微波调制和电脉冲调制产生超短光脉冲的实验，给出了
不同驱动条件下的实验结果。
三、 我们阐述了基于条纹分辨二次谐波自相关方法(FRSHG)测量超短光
脉冲的原理，对利用 FRSHG 测量获得的数据进行迭代计算，恢复光脉
冲的强度波形和相位的理论进行数学上的证明。给出了非对称波形和对
称波形两种情况下的迭代算法，并编制了迭代运算程序。通过对自相关
函数进行模拟，验证了程序的正确性。在国内首次建立了基于条纹分辨
二次谐波自相关方法的超短光脉冲测量系统。给出了利用这套测量系统
对增益开关 ＤＦＢ激光器产生光脉冲和 ＤＦＢ激光器加 ＥＡＭ外调制产生光脉
冲的测量结果。
四、 我们对 SOA-XGM 全光波长变换进行了理论分析。通过数值模拟，
给出了同向传输和反向传输两种情况下，变换光波形和啁啾在不同条件
下的变化规律，并进行了波长变换实验，给出了实验结果。利于光纤时
延法产生了 4×2.5GHz的时分复用信号，并对其进行了波长变换实验。
此外我们还进行了光电光波长变换实验研究，在国内首次设计制作了光
电混合集成的光电光变换器模块，并给出了初步的实验结果。
In order to satisfy the enormous communication capability, the fiber
communication with abundant band width sources has been the only choices.
The spectrum width of optical pulses decides the transmission length due to the
limitation of the fiber dispersion. If short pulses source can make the TL optical
pulses, it can minimize the effect of the fiber dispersion. So the optical pulses
source in the fiber communication system must make the pulses reach the
Fourier transform limited pulses. There are initial chirps in optical pulses
generated by gain switch DFB laser and DFB LD+EAM respective in the
communication system. For the sake of long distances transmission, it must
eliminate the chirps. So it needs to build a measuring system to measure the
pulses chirps accurately. How to effectively use the source of the fiber band
width has been one of the hottest optoelectronic R & D projects in the world.
From 1990s, people more and more put their eyes on the WDM communication
system and used it to enlarge the communication capability. The key technology
of the WDM all-optical net is the wavelength conversion. It means the
reassigning and reutilizing of the wavelength. It can settle the wavelength
channel contentions in OXC (optical cross-connection), make the routing
selection effectively and reduce the block ratio of the net, then improve the
flexibility and expandability of the net. Due to its simplicity, the wavelength
conversion by the semiconductor optical amplifier cross gain modulation has
been focused more in the wavelength conversion technology. Since O/E/O
wavelength conversion can realize the 3R regeneration (re－timing ,re－
amplifying, re-shaping)function, it can erase the noise accumulation and
dispersion accumulation, then improve net transmission capability. It will be
used widely in the core-net of the whole optical net in the future.
Combining our research projects, this paper concentrates on the ultra-short
optical pulses generation, its measurement, and the wavelength conversion, etc.
1、After resolving the rate function of the DFB laser numerical, we got the rules
that the chirp of the optical pulses change with external driving condition. We
studied the key technology of the encapsulation of SLD: One is the design of
microwave matching net. In condition of the qusi-static approximation,
calculation of wave characteristic impendence and effective dielectric
constant by conformal mapping techniques were first presented for
asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with finite ground width and substrate
thickness. In the same method, the symmetrical coplanar waveguide with
121
吉林大学博士学位论文
finite ground width and the asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with infinite
ground width are analyzed and the results are coincident with other methods.
So this method is proved to be widely used. For the first time, we calculated
the relationship of characteristic impedance and configuration size, designed
the graded microwave impedance transformed line based on background
coplanar wave-guide, got the impedance conversion from 50? to 5? and
had the good matching at least 7GHz.The other is the coupling of laser and
single mode optical fiber. According to the specific condition of lab and the
need of the system, we analyzed the tapered fibers and the self-focus lens
respectively from the theory analyzing and the experiment. We made the
ultra-short pulses source of the output fiber with microwave matching net
gain switch DFB laser and did the measurement experiment of the output
characteristic.
2、We simulated the ultra-short generation based on the single EAM and the
tandem EAM. Measuring the absorption character of EAM, we built the
calculation model of pulses generation based on single EAM and tandem
EAM, then educed the calculating formula of extinction ratio and pulse
width, analyzed the varied principle of pulse width and extinction ratio
according to the modul
引文
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13
吉林大学博士学位论文
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14
吉林大学博士学位论文
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