HMAC性能评价及其在特殊路段应用的数值模拟
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摘要
交通量增加、轴载增大及交通渠化等因素是造成沥青路面车辙病害的主要原因，在长大纵坡及转弯等特殊路段，车辙病害尤为严重。高模量沥青混凝土（High ModulusAsphalt Concrete，简写为HMAC）作为一种新型路面材料，近年来以其优良的抗车辙性能，得到越来越多的研究与应用。本文通过室内试验、理论分析与结构计算，对HMAC性能评价体系及其在高等级公路特殊路段的应用展开系统研究，为HMAC的应用提供理论依据与技术支持。
论文针对HMAC的抗车辙性能，对HMAC-20和HMAC-25型混合料进行级配优化，结合HMAC高温、低温、水稳定等路用性能，确定出级配范围。选用HMAC-16、HMAC-20和HMAC-25型混合料，在15、20和60℃的条件下，进行静态模量和动态模量试验，提出模量评价指标和技术要求。根据车辙试验和单轴贯入试验等进行的高温性能研究，低温弯曲试验进行的低温性能研究，以及残留稳定度试验和冻融劈裂试验进行水稳定性能研究结果，主要基于抗车辙性能，并兼顾低温与水稳定等性能要求，建立了HMAC的性能评价体系。
选取典型路段，实地调查沥青路面的车辙病害并分析其成因。基于弹性层状体系理论，建立HMAC路面三维有限元模型，计算了直道平坡急变速、长大纵坡、转弯和“平包竖”等特殊路段路面结构在车辆荷载作用下的力学响应，分析了影响特殊路段沥青路面车辙形成的主要原因。计算分析了HMAC设置在沥青路面不同结构层位的力学响应，确定出特殊路段HMAC的合理设置层位。通过正交设计，分析了特殊路段HMAC路面对应不同荷载、面层厚度、基层厚度与模量时的力学响应和变形特征，得出上中下面层最大剪应力回归公式，推荐出高温重载区高等级公路HMAC合理路面结构。根据单轴静载蠕变试验，拟合得到AC和HMAC的粘弹性参数，基于粘弹性理论，数值模拟了HMAC的永久变形规律，并回归得出HMAC设置在特殊路段时路面的永久变形预估模型。
The rutting of asphalt pavement is mainly caused by factors such as the increase of thetraffic volume, the aggravation of the axle load and traffic channeling, and is particularlyserious in long, steep slopes and turning sections. With excellent anti-rutting Performance,High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) as a new kind of material is getting more and moreresearch and applications in recent years. Through a large number of tests, complicatedtheoretical analysis and structure calculation, the performance evaluation system of HMACand the application in special sections of highways was studied systematically, which providesthe theoretical basis and the technical supports for its application.
In accordance with the anti-rutting performance of HMAC, HMAC-20and HMAC-25,two types of gradation were optimized. Combining the road performance of HMAC such asthe high-temperature, low-temperature and water stability performance, the gradation rangewas determined. HMAC-16, HMAC-20and HMAC-25, three types of gradation were choseand experimental study on compressive resilient modulus and dynamic modulus wereconducted under the temperature of15,20and60℃which proposed the evaluation index andtechnical requests of modulus. Based on the experimental results of high-temperatureperformance tests such as rutting test and uniaxial penetration test, water stabilityperformance tests such as residual stability test and freeze-thaw splitting test and thelow-temperature flexural test for low-temperature performance, the performance evaluationsystem for HMAC was established which is mainly based on the anti-rutting performance andtake into account of low-temperature and water stability performance.
Select some typical road sections, take field investigation of rutting in asphalt pavementand analyze its causes. Based on the elastic layer system theory, the three-dimensional finiteelement model of HMAC was established. With the model, the mechanical response of thepavement structure under the impact of the vehicle load in special sections such as emergencyspeed straight flat slope, long, steep slopes and turning sections was calculated and the maincauses of rutting in special sections was analyzed. By analyzing the mechanical responsewhen high modular layer lied in different structure position，the proper layer of HMAC inspecial sections was determined. Through orthogonal designs, the mechanical response anddeformation characteristics of HMAC pavement in special sections corresponding to differentload, surface and base layer thickness and modulus were analyzed and the reasonablepavement structure of HMAC pavement in areas with high-temperature and heavy load was recommended. According to the uniaxial static creep test, the viscoelastic parameters of ACand HMAC were obtained. Based on the viscoelastic theory, the permanent deformationdiscipline of HMAC was simulated, and the permanent deformation prediction model forHMAC pavement at special section was regressed.
论文针对HMAC的抗车辙性能，对HMAC-20和HMAC-25型混合料进行级配优化，结合HMAC高温、低温、水稳定等路用性能，确定出级配范围。选用HMAC-16、HMAC-20和HMAC-25型混合料，在15、20和60℃的条件下，进行静态模量和动态模量试验，提出模量评价指标和技术要求。根据车辙试验和单轴贯入试验等进行的高温性能研究，低温弯曲试验进行的低温性能研究，以及残留稳定度试验和冻融劈裂试验进行水稳定性能研究结果，主要基于抗车辙性能，并兼顾低温与水稳定等性能要求，建立了HMAC的性能评价体系。
选取典型路段，实地调查沥青路面的车辙病害并分析其成因。基于弹性层状体系理论，建立HMAC路面三维有限元模型，计算了直道平坡急变速、长大纵坡、转弯和“平包竖”等特殊路段路面结构在车辆荷载作用下的力学响应，分析了影响特殊路段沥青路面车辙形成的主要原因。计算分析了HMAC设置在沥青路面不同结构层位的力学响应，确定出特殊路段HMAC的合理设置层位。通过正交设计，分析了特殊路段HMAC路面对应不同荷载、面层厚度、基层厚度与模量时的力学响应和变形特征，得出上中下面层最大剪应力回归公式，推荐出高温重载区高等级公路HMAC合理路面结构。根据单轴静载蠕变试验，拟合得到AC和HMAC的粘弹性参数，基于粘弹性理论，数值模拟了HMAC的永久变形规律，并回归得出HMAC设置在特殊路段时路面的永久变形预估模型。
The rutting of asphalt pavement is mainly caused by factors such as the increase of thetraffic volume, the aggravation of the axle load and traffic channeling, and is particularlyserious in long, steep slopes and turning sections. With excellent anti-rutting Performance,High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) as a new kind of material is getting more and moreresearch and applications in recent years. Through a large number of tests, complicatedtheoretical analysis and structure calculation, the performance evaluation system of HMACand the application in special sections of highways was studied systematically, which providesthe theoretical basis and the technical supports for its application.
In accordance with the anti-rutting performance of HMAC, HMAC-20and HMAC-25,two types of gradation were optimized. Combining the road performance of HMAC such asthe high-temperature, low-temperature and water stability performance, the gradation rangewas determined. HMAC-16, HMAC-20and HMAC-25, three types of gradation were choseand experimental study on compressive resilient modulus and dynamic modulus wereconducted under the temperature of15,20and60℃which proposed the evaluation index andtechnical requests of modulus. Based on the experimental results of high-temperatureperformance tests such as rutting test and uniaxial penetration test, water stabilityperformance tests such as residual stability test and freeze-thaw splitting test and thelow-temperature flexural test for low-temperature performance, the performance evaluationsystem for HMAC was established which is mainly based on the anti-rutting performance andtake into account of low-temperature and water stability performance.
Select some typical road sections, take field investigation of rutting in asphalt pavementand analyze its causes. Based on the elastic layer system theory, the three-dimensional finiteelement model of HMAC was established. With the model, the mechanical response of thepavement structure under the impact of the vehicle load in special sections such as emergencyspeed straight flat slope, long, steep slopes and turning sections was calculated and the maincauses of rutting in special sections was analyzed. By analyzing the mechanical responsewhen high modular layer lied in different structure position，the proper layer of HMAC inspecial sections was determined. Through orthogonal designs, the mechanical response anddeformation characteristics of HMAC pavement in special sections corresponding to differentload, surface and base layer thickness and modulus were analyzed and the reasonablepavement structure of HMAC pavement in areas with high-temperature and heavy load was recommended. According to the uniaxial static creep test, the viscoelastic parameters of ACand HMAC were obtained. Based on the viscoelastic theory, the permanent deformationdiscipline of HMAC was simulated, and the permanent deformation prediction model forHMAC pavement at special section was regressed.
引文
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[3] Corté，J-F．Development and Uses of Hard Grade Asphalt and of High ModulusAsphalt Mixes in France80th TRB Annual Meeting，Session436：PerpetualBituminous Pavements，Part1，Washington，USA，January11，2001：14~17
[4]重交通条件下高模量沥青混凝土路面材料设计与施工技术研究[D].湖南：长沙理工大学，2009
[5]赵锡娟.高模量沥青混凝土的材料组成及路用性能研究[D].西安，长安大学，2009
[6]张业茂.基于抗车辙功能的高模量沥青混凝土级配设计及路用性能研究[D].西安，长安大学2010
[7]周庆华高模量沥青混凝土性能与结构研究[D].西安，长安大学，2008
[8] Development of A Concept of Very High Modulus Bituminous Macadam forPavement Base Courses[J]，September2000.
[9]邱自萍.高模量沥青混凝土路面抗车辙行为数值模拟[D].西安：长安大学，2010
[10]周克力，路凯冀.国外硬质沥青及高模量沥青混凝土研究现状[J].公路交通科技，2005，5：Vol22. No.5：83-87
[11] J．Don Brock．High Performance Asphalt．Hot Mix Asphalt Technology[J].September/Octomber2002
[12]曹江.AH-50硬质沥青路面材料性能研究[D].西安，长安大学，2006
[13] P J Sanders and M Nunn．The application of Enrobé a Module Elevé in flexiblepavements[A]. TRL Report636．TRL．2005
[14]胡玉祥,张肖宁,王绍怀,返凤霞.高模量沥青混合料改性剂性能的试验研究[J].石油沥青，2006，6.8～12
[15]高模量沥青混凝土路面应用研究[R].河南扶项高速公路发展有限公司，2008
[16] J-P Serfass．P．Bense．P．Pellevoisin．Properties and New Development of HighModulus Asphalt Concrete[J]. ISAP8th Conference．Seattle.
[17] Corte Jean-Francois．Development and uses of hard grade asphalt and of high modulusasphalt mixes in France[J]. Transportation Research Circular No.503Washington(DC)：TRB，National Research Council.2003：12-30
[18] RANSPORTATI ON RESEARCH CI RCULAR. Perpetual Bituminous PavementsTRB Committee on General Issues in Asphalt Technology(A2D05). Number503，December2001：12~31
[19] Peeret J,Dumont A G,Turtschy J C,Assessment Of Resistance To Rutting Of HighModulus Bituminous Mixtures Using Full-Scale Accelerated Loading Tests(J) In3rdEurasphalt&Eurobitume Congress,Vienna,2004）
[20]刘云全.高模量沥青混凝土应用技术研究[R].辽宁省交通科学研究院，2007
[21]刘启平、张书立高模量沥青混凝土在高速公路建设中的应用北方交通2009（4）:1-3
[22]丁小军，柴福斌，李刚等，高模量沥青混合料在阿尔及利亚东西高速公路上的应用[J]中外公路，2009，29（4）:298—301）
[23] J.Don Brock，High Performance Asphalt. Hot Mis Asphalt Techonlogy[J].September2002.
[24] AASHTO2002, Guide for Design of Pavement Structures[S]
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