涡轮泵静压轴承的动力特性分析及结构优化
摘要
先进的航天发动机要求涡轮泵效率高、质量轻和尺寸小,而轴承作为涡轮泵的重要部件之一,其工作性能的好坏则是影响涡轮泵寿命的重要因素。在传统轴承无法满足涡轮泵高要求工作条件的情况下,各国都在寻找高速、长寿命、高可靠性轴承以替代传统的机械轴承。液体静压轴承以其摩擦阻力小、运动速度快、抗震性好、有较高的刚度和承载能力、不发生轴和轴承间的直接表面接触等优点满足了涡轮泵的高要求。本文主要是对静压轴承进行数值模拟,研究不同参数对其性能的影响。
本文分析了液体静压轴承的工作原理、分类和主要参数,研究了静压轴承的承载能力和刚度等性能;同时介绍了流场分析软件Fluent的计算原理和软件结构,从计算流体力学的角度,介绍了CFD软件的工作过程及其优缺点;通过以上两方面的理解,为静压轴承的数值模拟的工作打下基础。
根据静压轴承的结构以及几何尺寸对轴承进行数学建模,然后根据其特点对模型进行网格划分,边界条件设定和模拟计算,得到静压轴承内部的流动状况,包括压力场分布、速度场分布以及内部特殊位置的压力变化等。根据数值模拟结果,本文还分析了静压轴承在不同转速、不同进油压力、不同偏移率以及不同节流孔直径和不同油膜厚度下的承载性能和刚度性能的变化情况,并对轴承结构进行了合理优化。
The advanced aerospace launch confidential demand the turbopump has the high efficiency, the light quality and the small size. The bearings, a key part of the turbine pump, the quality of whose work function is an important factor affecting the turbine pump life span. Under the traditional bearings can't satisfy turbine pump’s high request work, all countries have to look for a higher speed, longer life, high reliability bearing to substitute the traditional machine bearings. The liquid hydrostatic bearings have the advantages of small friction, the high speed, the good anti-vibration, the higher rigidity and an ability of avoidancing the tangency of axes and bearings, which satisfy the high request of the turbine pump. Mainly in this text we make the numerical simulation to the hydrostatic bearings, studying the influence of the performance in different parameters.
The following essay analyzes the hydrostatic bearing’s working principle, types and main performance parameters, studies the hydrostatic bearing’s load capacity and oil film rigidity. Simultaneously, it introduces the calculation principle and structure of CFD software Fluent. According to the angle of CFD, it introduces the work process and its advantages and disadvantages of CFD software. It makes the foundation for the following work of hydrostatic bearing’s simulation through the understanding of above.
According to the hydrostatic bearing’s structure and geometric sizes, this paper sets up a mathematical model.And then, meshing the model, specifying boundary Condition and proving simulation calculation are completed according to the model’s characteristics. After that, we can get the fluxion condition of the static pressure bearings, including the pressure distribution, velocity distribution and the pressure variety within inner special points and so on. According to the results of numerical simulation, this paper still analyzes the hydrostatic bearing’s load capacity and oil film rigidity in different speeds, oil pressure, deflection rate, diameters of throttle orifice and the oil film thickness. Also the paper carries out optimizing design to the bearing’s structure.
本文分析了液体静压轴承的工作原理、分类和主要参数,研究了静压轴承的承载能力和刚度等性能;同时介绍了流场分析软件Fluent的计算原理和软件结构,从计算流体力学的角度,介绍了CFD软件的工作过程及其优缺点;通过以上两方面的理解,为静压轴承的数值模拟的工作打下基础。
根据静压轴承的结构以及几何尺寸对轴承进行数学建模,然后根据其特点对模型进行网格划分,边界条件设定和模拟计算,得到静压轴承内部的流动状况,包括压力场分布、速度场分布以及内部特殊位置的压力变化等。根据数值模拟结果,本文还分析了静压轴承在不同转速、不同进油压力、不同偏移率以及不同节流孔直径和不同油膜厚度下的承载性能和刚度性能的变化情况,并对轴承结构进行了合理优化。
The advanced aerospace launch confidential demand the turbopump has the high efficiency, the light quality and the small size. The bearings, a key part of the turbine pump, the quality of whose work function is an important factor affecting the turbine pump life span. Under the traditional bearings can't satisfy turbine pump’s high request work, all countries have to look for a higher speed, longer life, high reliability bearing to substitute the traditional machine bearings. The liquid hydrostatic bearings have the advantages of small friction, the high speed, the good anti-vibration, the higher rigidity and an ability of avoidancing the tangency of axes and bearings, which satisfy the high request of the turbine pump. Mainly in this text we make the numerical simulation to the hydrostatic bearings, studying the influence of the performance in different parameters.
The following essay analyzes the hydrostatic bearing’s working principle, types and main performance parameters, studies the hydrostatic bearing’s load capacity and oil film rigidity. Simultaneously, it introduces the calculation principle and structure of CFD software Fluent. According to the angle of CFD, it introduces the work process and its advantages and disadvantages of CFD software. It makes the foundation for the following work of hydrostatic bearing’s simulation through the understanding of above.
According to the hydrostatic bearing’s structure and geometric sizes, this paper sets up a mathematical model.And then, meshing the model, specifying boundary Condition and proving simulation calculation are completed according to the model’s characteristics. After that, we can get the fluxion condition of the static pressure bearings, including the pressure distribution, velocity distribution and the pressure variety within inner special points and so on. According to the results of numerical simulation, this paper still analyzes the hydrostatic bearing’s load capacity and oil film rigidity in different speeds, oil pressure, deflection rate, diameters of throttle orifice and the oil film thickness. Also the paper carries out optimizing design to the bearing’s structure.
引文
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3唐云冰.航空发动机高速滚动轴承力学特性研究[D].南京航空航天大学.2005
4 [英]F.M.斯坦菲尔特.重庆大学镗铣床研制组译.1975.12
5余最康.液体静压轴承.广州机床研究所.1981.11
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8张瑞乾,张锡圣.径向气体/液体轴承动力特性系数的统一求法[J].北京航空航天大学学报.1994.4
9郑艳萍,杨晓蔚,王大力,姜韶峰.采用多目标函数确定角接触球轴承的最佳预载荷[J]轴承.2005 .5
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20陶浩,段红杰,杨金锋.径推动静压浮环轴承特性的有限元分析[J].润滑与密封.2004.6
21戴学余,苗旭升,富彦丽等.几种低粘度润滑介质下动静压轴承的性能分析.润滑与密封.2004,第3期
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24姚大坤,黄文虎,邹经湘.滑动轴承油膜刚度参数的识别[J].动力工程.2005.4
25武弘毅.浅谈液体动静压轴承[J].机械工人.冷加工.2003.5
26杨军,郭力,卿红.偏心率对高速动静压轴承动特性影响[J].润滑与密封.2001.2
27郭力,盛晓敏.浅油腔动静压轴承动特性分析[J].磨床与磨削.1998.3
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29孙爽,孟兆晶,王健民.薄膜反馈节流液体静压轴承模糊优化设计[J].天津轻工业学院学报.2002.3
30王瑜.双列内节流液体静压轴承动态特性分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.1998.1
31 Yoshikawa H,Ota T, Higashino K,et al.Numerical analysis on dynamic characteristics of cryogenic hydrostatic journal bearing Journal of Tribology.1999
32 Jain S C,Bharma D K,Sharma S C.Influences of recess shape on the performance of a capillary compensated circular thrust pad hydrostatic bearing Tribology International.2002
33 Mohamed Fourka,Marc Bonis.Comparison between exter-nally pressurized gas thrust bearings with different orificeand porous feeding systems[J] Wear.1997
34 Fluent Inc.FLUENT User’s Guide[M].2003
35 Holster P,Jacobs J,Roblee J.The measurement and finite element analysis of the dynamic stiffness of nonuniform clearance,gas thrust bearings[J].Trans.of ASME,Journal of Tribology.1991.4
36李玲.液体球面静压轴承设计计算研究[J] .武汉汽车工业大学学报.1998.1
37关凯书,张美华,吕宝君.滑动轴承最小油膜厚度的模糊优化设计[J].莱阳农学院学报.1997.1
38傅宝琴.静压轴承抑制轴心漂移性能的理论研究[J].机械科学与技术.1997.5
39谢沛霖.静压轴承的动特性分析研究[J].机电设备.1999.1
40卢泽生,于雪梅,孙雅洲.局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承静态特性的数值求解[J].摩擦学学报.2007.1
41龙威,李军,包钢.FLUENT软件在空气轴承研究领域的应用[J].机床与液压.2006.6
42彭万欢.静压气体径向轴承的静动特性研究[D].中国工程物理研究院.2006
43李群霞.高精度静压气体轴承静特性及振动特性的研究[D].东北林业大学.2004
44傅少敏.几种典型动静压轴承结构特点与应用[J] .设备管理与维修.1997.6
45 Xiong L Y,Wu G,Hou Y,et al.Development of aerodynamic foil journal bearings for high speed cryogenic turboexpander Cryogenics,1997
46 Yoshimoto S,Nakano Y,Kakutari T.Static Characteristics of Externally Pressurized Gas Journal Bearings with Circular Slot Restrictors Tribology International,1984
47 Wadhwa S S,Sinhasant R,Singh D V.Analysis of Orifice Compensated Externally Pressurized Gas Bearings Tribology International,1983
48 Mizumoto H,Shimizl T.An infinite stiffness aerostatic spindle with active restrictors JSPE.1993
49 P. Y. P apalambros . Optimal Design of Mechanical Engineer Systems Transactions of the ASME.1995
50 Yong Tian.Static Study of the Porous Bearing by the Simplified Finite Element Analysis Wear.1998
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2王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
3唐云冰.航空发动机高速滚动轴承力学特性研究[D].南京航空航天大学.2005
4 [英]F.M.斯坦菲尔特.重庆大学镗铣床研制组译.1975.12
5余最康.液体静压轴承.广州机床研究所.1981.11
6张冠坤,钟洪.液体动静压轴承原理、计算和试验.科学普及出版社广州分社,1988.4
7边新孝,李谋渭.静压空气轴承的动刚度和阻尼分析[J]轴承.2004.12
8张瑞乾,张锡圣.径向气体/液体轴承动力特性系数的统一求法[J].北京航空航天大学学报.1994.4
9郑艳萍,杨晓蔚,王大力,姜韶峰.采用多目标函数确定角接触球轴承的最佳预载荷[J]轴承.2005 .5
10邵俊鹏,张艳芹,李鹏程.基于FLUENT的静压轴承椭圆腔和扇形腔静止状态流场仿真[J] .润滑与密封.2007.1
11毛君,张利蓉,丁飞,李蕾.基于FLUENT的叶轮机械内部流场模拟研究[J].煤矿机械.2006.8
12郭力,李波.液体静压轴承原理与应用[J] .磨床与磨削.2000.2
13郭良斌.静压气体轴承静态特性的理论研究综述.武汉科技大学学报.2006,第29卷第1期
14王同全,王兰.小孔节流液体动静压混合轴承的设计计算与制造[J].精密制造与自动化.2005.3
15朱希玲.静压轴承压力场的有限元数值模拟.上海工程技术大学学报.2002,第16卷第2期
16宋贵亮,刘文志,蔡光起.高速液体动静压混合轴承的理论研究与设计应用[J].机械设计与研究.2000.3
17岑少起,郭红,张少林,李浩群.多种节流形式的动静压轴承有限元—优化分析[J].机械科学与技术.2002.2
18杨军,郭力,卿红.偏心率对高速动静压轴承动特性影响[J].润滑与密封.2001.2
19刘暾,葛卫平,齐乃明等.小孔节流气体静压润滑的离散化和计算收敛.摩擦学学报.2001,第21卷第2期
20陶浩,段红杰,杨金锋.径推动静压浮环轴承特性的有限元分析[J].润滑与密封.2004.6
21戴学余,苗旭升,富彦丽等.几种低粘度润滑介质下动静压轴承的性能分析.润滑与密封.2004,第3期
22吴超,岑少起,王文,陈晓阳.滑动轴承三维油膜试验研究[J].润滑与密封.2005.6
23徐宝信,张安琪,谭祯.层流液体动静压混合轴承设计理论研究[J].机械设计与制造.2005.8
24姚大坤,黄文虎,邹经湘.滑动轴承油膜刚度参数的识别[J].动力工程.2005.4
25武弘毅.浅谈液体动静压轴承[J].机械工人.冷加工.2003.5
26杨军,郭力,卿红.偏心率对高速动静压轴承动特性影响[J].润滑与密封.2001.2
27郭力,盛晓敏.浅油腔动静压轴承动特性分析[J].磨床与磨削.1998.3
28杨建玺,孟心斋,孟昭焱.液体静压轴承静态性能新表达式及应用[J].洛阳工学院学报.1998.4
29孙爽,孟兆晶,王健民.薄膜反馈节流液体静压轴承模糊优化设计[J].天津轻工业学院学报.2002.3
30王瑜.双列内节流液体静压轴承动态特性分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.1998.1
31 Yoshikawa H,Ota T, Higashino K,et al.Numerical analysis on dynamic characteristics of cryogenic hydrostatic journal bearing Journal of Tribology.1999
32 Jain S C,Bharma D K,Sharma S C.Influences of recess shape on the performance of a capillary compensated circular thrust pad hydrostatic bearing Tribology International.2002
33 Mohamed Fourka,Marc Bonis.Comparison between exter-nally pressurized gas thrust bearings with different orificeand porous feeding systems[J] Wear.1997
34 Fluent Inc.FLUENT User’s Guide[M].2003
35 Holster P,Jacobs J,Roblee J.The measurement and finite element analysis of the dynamic stiffness of nonuniform clearance,gas thrust bearings[J].Trans.of ASME,Journal of Tribology.1991.4
36李玲.液体球面静压轴承设计计算研究[J] .武汉汽车工业大学学报.1998.1
37关凯书,张美华,吕宝君.滑动轴承最小油膜厚度的模糊优化设计[J].莱阳农学院学报.1997.1
38傅宝琴.静压轴承抑制轴心漂移性能的理论研究[J].机械科学与技术.1997.5
39谢沛霖.静压轴承的动特性分析研究[J].机电设备.1999.1
40卢泽生,于雪梅,孙雅洲.局部多孔质气体静压轴向轴承静态特性的数值求解[J].摩擦学学报.2007.1
41龙威,李军,包钢.FLUENT软件在空气轴承研究领域的应用[J].机床与液压.2006.6
42彭万欢.静压气体径向轴承的静动特性研究[D].中国工程物理研究院.2006
43李群霞.高精度静压气体轴承静特性及振动特性的研究[D].东北林业大学.2004
44傅少敏.几种典型动静压轴承结构特点与应用[J] .设备管理与维修.1997.6
45 Xiong L Y,Wu G,Hou Y,et al.Development of aerodynamic foil journal bearings for high speed cryogenic turboexpander Cryogenics,1997
46 Yoshimoto S,Nakano Y,Kakutari T.Static Characteristics of Externally Pressurized Gas Journal Bearings with Circular Slot Restrictors Tribology International,1984
47 Wadhwa S S,Sinhasant R,Singh D V.Analysis of Orifice Compensated Externally Pressurized Gas Bearings Tribology International,1983
48 Mizumoto H,Shimizl T.An infinite stiffness aerostatic spindle with active restrictors JSPE.1993
49 P. Y. P apalambros . Optimal Design of Mechanical Engineer Systems Transactions of the ASME.1995
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