石材异型制品复合加工技术与设备研究
摘要
随着石材加工业的发展,复合加工技术运用已经成为提高加工效率的一个重要措施。国外多功能复合加工中心价格昂贵,难以推广,国内多功能复合加工中心的研发至今仍是空白,因此开发、推广适合国情的有自主知识产权的多功能复合加工中心,已成为我国石材业提高质量、增强竞争力的关键。石材异型制品复合加工技术在具体设备上已经有所体现,但是缺乏一个体系化的理论体系,而且对复合加工设备尚无进行系统研究。随着人们对石材异型制品要求的提高,对设备的力学性能提出了更加严格的要求,使设备具有良好的动静态特性已经成为整个研发过程中的一个重点和难点。
通过对石材异型制品加工工艺系统研究,把复合加工技术理论分为工艺复合、运动功能复合以及加工工具复合三大类,建立了复合加工设备的加工运动学图谱,为石材异型制品高效复合加工中心的研发奠定了理论基础。通过分析多种同类复合加工中心的原理、功能、结构,在充分考虑了目前市场上石材异型制品的特点、加工工艺以及用户对设备的需求下,最终提出了一种集铣、磨、钻、抛光、锯加工工艺于一身的高效复合加工中心方案。运用模块化设计技术对设备方案进行了规划,运用SolidWorks三维软件初步建立了三维模型。
对高效复合加工中心功能部件的动态特性研究中的模态分析理论进行了数学建模研究,掌握了其基本数学原理,测试研究了国外类似设备的模态特性,掌握了其动态性能方面的一些关键技术。充分运用了CAD/CAE集成技术,在SolidWorks软件中为高效复合加工中心各功能部件建立了多个结构方案的简化CAD模型,输出到ANSYS软件中进行了动静态性能仿真计算,对结果进行了分析对比,选出了重量合理和动静态性能参数比较满意的设计方案。为了能给功能部件的性能修改和优化提供有效参考依据,减小各部件力学性能修改的盲目性,对各部件进行了动静态性能灵敏度分析,找出了对高效复合加工中心功能部件的动静态影响最大的关键部位。基于研究成果,对各功能部件的设计方案进行了完善,最后得到了较为满意的高效复合加工中心整机结构设计方案,与企业合作进行了制造。
高效复合加工中心成功研发标志着我国从此打破石材加工中心只能靠进口的局面,同时高效复合加工中心的整个设计研发过程对其它设备研发也具有很好的参考价值。
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Z2007F07)、山东省科技发展计划资助项目(2007GG10004008)。
With the development of stone machining industry, the use of combined machining technology has become an important measure of improving the machining efficiency. Foreign multi-functional combined machine center is very expensive, and difficult to promotion. The research and development on multi-functional combined machine center is still blank in China. Development and promotion multi-functional combined machine centers which is fit for our own conditions and having independent intellectual property have become the key on improving quality and enhancing the competitiveness of China's stone industry. Combined machining technology on profiled surface stones has been reflected in a few specific machines, but lack of a systematic theory system, and combined machining equipment is also lacking of systematic study. As people improve the requirements to the profiled surface stones, the mechanical properties of the equipment need more stringent requirements too. The equipment with a good dynamic and static characteristic has become one of emphases and difficulties in the entire research and development.
Systematic researched the machining craft on profiled surface stones. The theory of combined machining technology was divided into three categories: there are craft combination and movement combination and tool combination. Founded machining kinematics spectrum for combined machining equipment, and established a good theoretical foundation for the research and development of combined machine center of profiled surface stones. Analyzed a variety of similar equipments' principles and functions and structures, took full account of characteristics of the profiled surface stones which are sold in the market and machining craft and the customers' requirements, at last got a kind of high-efficiency combined machine center scheme that possesses of many crafts such as milling, grinding, drilling, polishing and sawing machining. Modular technology was used to plan the equipment scheme, used SolidWorks three-dimensional software to found initial three-dimensional models.
Did mathematical modeling study to modal analysis theory on dynamic characteristic for the functional parts of the high-efficiency combined machine center, mastered the basic principle of mathematics. Tested modal characteristics for a similar equipment which made in foreign country, mastered some key technologies in its dynamic performance. Full used of CAD / CAE integration technology, established a number of simplified models for the functional parts of high-efficiency combined machine center in SolidWorks software, and input into ANSYS software to do simulation calculation, analyzed and compared the results, selected the design scheme which has reasonable weight, good static and dynamic performance. In order to provide effective references in modifying and optimizing the performance to the functional parts, and reduce the blindness in amending the mechanical properties, did sensitivity analysis in the static and dynamic performance to the parts, identified the biggest key component. Based on research results, improved the design scheme for the each functional part. At last, a relatively satisfied equipment structure design scheme was got. And cooperated with an enterprise to manufacture.
Successful researched and developed of high-efficiency combined machine center means that China has broken the situation that stone machine center only rely on importing. The process of research and development in high-efficiency combined machine center also has a good value to the other equipments.
通过对石材异型制品加工工艺系统研究,把复合加工技术理论分为工艺复合、运动功能复合以及加工工具复合三大类,建立了复合加工设备的加工运动学图谱,为石材异型制品高效复合加工中心的研发奠定了理论基础。通过分析多种同类复合加工中心的原理、功能、结构,在充分考虑了目前市场上石材异型制品的特点、加工工艺以及用户对设备的需求下,最终提出了一种集铣、磨、钻、抛光、锯加工工艺于一身的高效复合加工中心方案。运用模块化设计技术对设备方案进行了规划,运用SolidWorks三维软件初步建立了三维模型。
对高效复合加工中心功能部件的动态特性研究中的模态分析理论进行了数学建模研究,掌握了其基本数学原理,测试研究了国外类似设备的模态特性,掌握了其动态性能方面的一些关键技术。充分运用了CAD/CAE集成技术,在SolidWorks软件中为高效复合加工中心各功能部件建立了多个结构方案的简化CAD模型,输出到ANSYS软件中进行了动静态性能仿真计算,对结果进行了分析对比,选出了重量合理和动静态性能参数比较满意的设计方案。为了能给功能部件的性能修改和优化提供有效参考依据,减小各部件力学性能修改的盲目性,对各部件进行了动静态性能灵敏度分析,找出了对高效复合加工中心功能部件的动静态影响最大的关键部位。基于研究成果,对各功能部件的设计方案进行了完善,最后得到了较为满意的高效复合加工中心整机结构设计方案,与企业合作进行了制造。
高效复合加工中心成功研发标志着我国从此打破石材加工中心只能靠进口的局面,同时高效复合加工中心的整个设计研发过程对其它设备研发也具有很好的参考价值。
山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Z2007F07)、山东省科技发展计划资助项目(2007GG10004008)。
With the development of stone machining industry, the use of combined machining technology has become an important measure of improving the machining efficiency. Foreign multi-functional combined machine center is very expensive, and difficult to promotion. The research and development on multi-functional combined machine center is still blank in China. Development and promotion multi-functional combined machine centers which is fit for our own conditions and having independent intellectual property have become the key on improving quality and enhancing the competitiveness of China's stone industry. Combined machining technology on profiled surface stones has been reflected in a few specific machines, but lack of a systematic theory system, and combined machining equipment is also lacking of systematic study. As people improve the requirements to the profiled surface stones, the mechanical properties of the equipment need more stringent requirements too. The equipment with a good dynamic and static characteristic has become one of emphases and difficulties in the entire research and development.
Systematic researched the machining craft on profiled surface stones. The theory of combined machining technology was divided into three categories: there are craft combination and movement combination and tool combination. Founded machining kinematics spectrum for combined machining equipment, and established a good theoretical foundation for the research and development of combined machine center of profiled surface stones. Analyzed a variety of similar equipments' principles and functions and structures, took full account of characteristics of the profiled surface stones which are sold in the market and machining craft and the customers' requirements, at last got a kind of high-efficiency combined machine center scheme that possesses of many crafts such as milling, grinding, drilling, polishing and sawing machining. Modular technology was used to plan the equipment scheme, used SolidWorks three-dimensional software to found initial three-dimensional models.
Did mathematical modeling study to modal analysis theory on dynamic characteristic for the functional parts of the high-efficiency combined machine center, mastered the basic principle of mathematics. Tested modal characteristics for a similar equipment which made in foreign country, mastered some key technologies in its dynamic performance. Full used of CAD / CAE integration technology, established a number of simplified models for the functional parts of high-efficiency combined machine center in SolidWorks software, and input into ANSYS software to do simulation calculation, analyzed and compared the results, selected the design scheme which has reasonable weight, good static and dynamic performance. In order to provide effective references in modifying and optimizing the performance to the functional parts, and reduce the blindness in amending the mechanical properties, did sensitivity analysis in the static and dynamic performance to the parts, identified the biggest key component. Based on research results, improved the design scheme for the each functional part. At last, a relatively satisfied equipment structure design scheme was got. And cooperated with an enterprise to manufacture.
Successful researched and developed of high-efficiency combined machine center means that China has broken the situation that stone machine center only rely on importing. The process of research and development in high-efficiency combined machine center also has a good value to the other equipments.
引文
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2 林夏富.我国石材机械的发展趋势和技术创新主题[J].石材,2007(8):28-29
3 谭金华.2007年中国石材行业十大新闻推出[J].石材,2008(1):8-10,17
4 荣列润.现代复合加工技术的发展现状[J].机电一体化,2004(6):6-9
5 Peter Zelinski.Milling on a grinding machine[J].Modern Machine Shop,2005,12:78-81
6 T.B.Thoe,D.K.Aspinwall.Combined ultrasonic and electrical discharge machining of ceramic coated nickel alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999:323-328
7 H.W.Wilson Company.Abrasive machining,sawing,and finishing[J].Manufacturing Engineering,2002,8:179-197
8 R.Galan,J.Racero.A methodology for facilitating reconfiguration in manufacturing:the move towards reconfigurable manufacturing systems[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2007,33:3-4
9 T.B.Thoe,D.K.Aspinwall.Combined ultrasonic and electrical discharge machining of ceramic coated nickel alloy[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999:323-328
10 胜伯浩.我国数控机床现状与技术发展策略[J].数控技术,2006(2):11-21,28
11 德国海斯·安德莱公司,王礼健.车铣复合加工技术-高速、高效、高质、高柔性[J].航空制造技术,2004(4):48-49
12 夏田.数控加工中心设计[M].化学工业出版社,2006
13 大仓浩二.支持复合加工机发展的加工技术[J].世界制造技术与装备市场,2007(4):33-40
14 周军.复合加工机床发展的重要方向[J].市场纵横,2005(1):28-29
15 谭慧.全球机床行业的发展动向[J].数控机床市场,2005(6):134-136
16 盛伯浩.产品虚拟开发[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(11).74-77
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