BTH和SA诱导甜瓜对白粉病抗性的产生及其作用机理的研究
摘要
本论文以BTH和水杨酸(SA)作为诱导剂对甜瓜植株叶片进行诱导，研究了诱导剂对植物的诱抗作用，并对其作用机制进行了探讨。经研究表明：BTH和SA是非常有效的植物系统获得抗性诱导剂。
①用不同浓度的BTH和SA对甜瓜离体叶片处理并接种甜瓜白粉病菌，通过测试白粉菌孢子的萌发率及其萌发形态，表明：在12.5μg／mL—50μg／mL浓度范围内，BTH和SA对甜瓜白粉病菌孢子的萌发及生长均无抑制作用。因此认为BTH和SA处理甜瓜植株叶片而引起的病叶率、病株率下降和诱导效果上升是由于BTH和SA诱导了甜瓜对甜瓜白粉病的抗性所引起的。
②在供试的浓度范围内(12.5μg／mL—50μg／mL)，BTH和SA均可以诱导甜瓜对甜瓜白粉病产生一定程度的抗病性，并且随着诱导剂浓度的升高，诱导甜瓜植株获得的抗病性也随之提高。诱导效果最明显的浓度是50μg／mL，但50μg／mL SA对植物有轻微的损伤，25μg／mL SA的诱导效果与50μg／mL SA的诱导效果经方差分析，差异不明显。因而，SA的最佳浓度为25μg／mL，BTH的最佳浓度为50μg／mL。50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA处理甜瓜植株，平均诱导效果分别为86.6％和83.7％。
③50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA在不同的挑战接种时间间隔均对甜瓜植株有明显的诱抗效果，但挑战接种的时间间隔对BTH和SA处理甜瓜植株所产生诱导效果的影响不明显，诱抗持久期至少可达17d。
④诱导剂对植株产生的诱导效果在一定程度上受植物本身生育期的影响。随甜瓜植株苗龄的增长，50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA的诱导效果略微下降，但变化幅度不大，其中2叶期的诱导效果分别为86.3％和84.5％；4叶期的诱导效果分别为80.4％和79.8％；8叶期为76.6％和75.5％。
⑤通过用BTH和SA对甜瓜2叶期幼苗叶片的处理，测定植株叶片体内的β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性变化，结果表明：叶片中β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、POD和PAL活性在处理后1天即出现了明显的增强。处理后的7天范围内，β—1，3—葡聚糖酶活性提高了2—4倍，POD活性提高了3—5.5倍，PAL活性提高了3.5—5倍。接种后1天测定，这三种酶活性均有所下降，这与诱导抗病性测定结果一致，即β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、POD和PAL活性越高，诱导剂BTH和SA对甜瓜植株的诱抗效果越好，表明这三种酶参与了植株诱导抗性的表达，并在这方面起着重要的作用，
⑤通过对诱导剂诱抗效果与D一1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的相关性分析，
结果显示这三种酶的升高程度与 BTH和 SA对甜瓜植株的诱导效果呈正相关。其中以
POD和 PAL活性与这两种诱导剂诱抗效果最相关，而B—1，3一葡聚糖酶的活性与 SA
诱抗效果的相关性较差。
本试验不仅表明了 BTH和 SA可有效的诱导甜瓜抵抗甜瓜白粉病菌的侵染，而且
证实了甜瓜植株体内的0一1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的升高与植物诱导抗性
‘是呈正相关的，即其抗病性的产生与p—1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的提高有
很大的关系。这些研究结果将为诱导剂BTH和 SA在大田中的利用和开发提供重要的理
论参考依据。
①用不同浓度的BTH和SA对甜瓜离体叶片处理并接种甜瓜白粉病菌，通过测试白粉菌孢子的萌发率及其萌发形态，表明：在12.5μg／mL—50μg／mL浓度范围内，BTH和SA对甜瓜白粉病菌孢子的萌发及生长均无抑制作用。因此认为BTH和SA处理甜瓜植株叶片而引起的病叶率、病株率下降和诱导效果上升是由于BTH和SA诱导了甜瓜对甜瓜白粉病的抗性所引起的。
②在供试的浓度范围内(12.5μg／mL—50μg／mL)，BTH和SA均可以诱导甜瓜对甜瓜白粉病产生一定程度的抗病性，并且随着诱导剂浓度的升高，诱导甜瓜植株获得的抗病性也随之提高。诱导效果最明显的浓度是50μg／mL，但50μg／mL SA对植物有轻微的损伤，25μg／mL SA的诱导效果与50μg／mL SA的诱导效果经方差分析，差异不明显。因而，SA的最佳浓度为25μg／mL，BTH的最佳浓度为50μg／mL。50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA处理甜瓜植株，平均诱导效果分别为86.6％和83.7％。
③50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA在不同的挑战接种时间间隔均对甜瓜植株有明显的诱抗效果，但挑战接种的时间间隔对BTH和SA处理甜瓜植株所产生诱导效果的影响不明显，诱抗持久期至少可达17d。
④诱导剂对植株产生的诱导效果在一定程度上受植物本身生育期的影响。随甜瓜植株苗龄的增长，50μg／mL BTH和25μg／mL SA的诱导效果略微下降，但变化幅度不大，其中2叶期的诱导效果分别为86.3％和84.5％；4叶期的诱导效果分别为80.4％和79.8％；8叶期为76.6％和75.5％。
⑤通过用BTH和SA对甜瓜2叶期幼苗叶片的处理，测定植株叶片体内的β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性变化，结果表明：叶片中β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、POD和PAL活性在处理后1天即出现了明显的增强。处理后的7天范围内，β—1，3—葡聚糖酶活性提高了2—4倍，POD活性提高了3—5.5倍，PAL活性提高了3.5—5倍。接种后1天测定，这三种酶活性均有所下降，这与诱导抗病性测定结果一致，即β—1，3—葡聚糖酶、POD和PAL活性越高，诱导剂BTH和SA对甜瓜植株的诱抗效果越好，表明这三种酶参与了植株诱导抗性的表达，并在这方面起着重要的作用，
⑤通过对诱导剂诱抗效果与D一1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的相关性分析，
结果显示这三种酶的升高程度与 BTH和 SA对甜瓜植株的诱导效果呈正相关。其中以
POD和 PAL活性与这两种诱导剂诱抗效果最相关，而B—1，3一葡聚糖酶的活性与 SA
诱抗效果的相关性较差。
本试验不仅表明了 BTH和 SA可有效的诱导甜瓜抵抗甜瓜白粉病菌的侵染，而且
证实了甜瓜植株体内的0一1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的升高与植物诱导抗性
‘是呈正相关的，即其抗病性的产生与p—1，3一葡聚糖酶、POD和 PAL活性的提高有
很大的关系。这些研究结果将为诱导剂BTH和 SA在大田中的利用和开发提供重要的理
论参考依据。
引文
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