大兴安岭兴安落叶松林健康评价研究
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摘要
结合国家林业局“生物措施治理水土流失(森林健康)试点项目”-“塔河林业局森林健康试验示范项目”,以塔河林业局塔丰经营所为主要研究区,运用基础理论知识和最新研究进展成果,以现场调研、资料分析、统计分析、层次分析等手段,建立森林健康评价的指标体系,研究该地区影响森林健康的主要因素,并对不同时期研究区森林健康状态进行评价和分析,在此基础上开展森林健康监测和防治。
本文根据研究地区实际,结合森林健康监测国家行业标准,提出了大兴安岭落叶松林监测和评价一般性指标的,共分为七大类17个指标,并建立层次分析评价与综合评价模型。将森林健康分为四个等级:健康、亚健康、一般健康和不健康。
四种兴安落叶松群落层次分析评价的结果表明:该地区影响兴安落叶松森林健康的主要因素的类比排序为:森林火灾、森林病虫害发生与危害、森林土壤侵蚀状况、人为干扰、森林鼠害发生与危害、生物多样性、污染对森林的影响;其指标的排序为:森林阻隔带密度、地被物盖度、有害昆虫的植株虫口密度、坡度、受到有害昆虫危害的植株占总植株的百分率、人为采伐面积、森林鼠害发生面积、植被覆盖度、病虫害种类、乔木种类及树种组成、被害株率、人为采伐强度、灌木种类、森林受害面积、地被物种类、人工更新株数。
对该地区四种兴安落叶松群落综合评价表明,草类落叶松林的健康等级为亚健康,其他三种林型的健康等级均为一般健康,因此需要对该地区兴安落叶松群落采取有效的措施,进行林分改造,加强抚育管理,促进森林健康经营。
以二类资源清查数据为基础,对该地区落叶松林不同林班的健康动态进行评价,森林健康评价表明,落叶松林的健康状况有一定程度的改善和提高。
为进一步进行森林健康经营,对影响森林健康的主要因素森林火灾和病虫鼠害的影响因素进行了深入研究,对每一类病虫鼠害建立了针对性的监测与评价因子和评价标准;分析了森林可燃物因子与林分的关系,建立了相关模型,结果表明森林可燃物和主要林分指标呈显著相关关系。
在评价的基础上,建立该地区的森林健康监测体系,共设立5块标准监测样地;监测方法为样地监测,以地面样地监测和调查为主,同时提出了促进森林健康经营的防治对策。
This dissertation is based on the demonstration project of soil loss control(forest health) by biological measures sponsored by State Forestry Administration-Forest Health demonstration project in Tahe Forestry Bureau.Taking Tafeng management site of Tahe Forestry Bureau as the main study area, forest health evaluation index system was established to study the main forest health influence factors in this area according to the fundemental theory and the latest research progress by taking site investigation,data analysis,statistical analysis and AHP method.At the same time,forest health monitoring and control are implemented based on evaluating and analyzing the forest health status.
Based on the actual situation of study area and combining with the indicators system for forest health observation of forest ecosystem published by State Forestry Adminstration,the ordinary indicators system for Larix gmelini Forest monitoring and assessment was proposed.The indicators system is divided into 6 class 16 indexes.And also an AHP evaluation model was established.The status of forest health is divided into 4 grades:health,sub-health,general health and poor health.
The result of AHP evaluation shows that the analogy sorting of main influence factors of Larix gmelini Forest Health in this area is:forest fire,occurrence and damage of forest pests,forest soil erosion condition,human disturbance,occurrence and damage of forest rodent,biodiversity,pollution effect on the forest;the indicators sorting is:density of forest barrier zone,coverage of ground cover, insect density,gradient,percentage of harmed plants,human cutting-area,rodent damage area,vegetation coverage,diseases and insect pests species,tree species composition,attracked trees rate,human cutting intensity,shrub species,damaged forest area,ground cover species,artificial renewal trees number.
The evaluation result to the four kinds of Larix gmelini Forest communities shows that:the grade of Herbage Larix Forest is sub-health and the other 3 types are all general health.So it is necessary to select effective measures such as improving forest structure and forest management to promote forest health management in this area.
The forest health of 2-stage evaluation for Larix forest community based on forest subcompartment shows that:the forest health status has advanced and improved in some degree.
In order to promote forest health management,further study on the 2 main influence factors:forest fire,forest pest and rodent is done;directed monitoring and evaluation factor and standard for each pest and rodent species are established;the relationship between forest fuel factor and forest type is analyzed and relation model is established and the result shows that the fuel factors have significant correlation with main forest type indictors.
Forest Health Monitoring System of this area is established on the basis of evaluation.5 monitoring sample plots are setup in the project area.The plot monitoring is selected as monitoring method.Ground plot monitoring and investigation is the main method.At the same time,the control measures for improving forest health management is discussed in the paper.
本文根据研究地区实际,结合森林健康监测国家行业标准,提出了大兴安岭落叶松林监测和评价一般性指标的,共分为七大类17个指标,并建立层次分析评价与综合评价模型。将森林健康分为四个等级:健康、亚健康、一般健康和不健康。
四种兴安落叶松群落层次分析评价的结果表明:该地区影响兴安落叶松森林健康的主要因素的类比排序为:森林火灾、森林病虫害发生与危害、森林土壤侵蚀状况、人为干扰、森林鼠害发生与危害、生物多样性、污染对森林的影响;其指标的排序为:森林阻隔带密度、地被物盖度、有害昆虫的植株虫口密度、坡度、受到有害昆虫危害的植株占总植株的百分率、人为采伐面积、森林鼠害发生面积、植被覆盖度、病虫害种类、乔木种类及树种组成、被害株率、人为采伐强度、灌木种类、森林受害面积、地被物种类、人工更新株数。
对该地区四种兴安落叶松群落综合评价表明,草类落叶松林的健康等级为亚健康,其他三种林型的健康等级均为一般健康,因此需要对该地区兴安落叶松群落采取有效的措施,进行林分改造,加强抚育管理,促进森林健康经营。
以二类资源清查数据为基础,对该地区落叶松林不同林班的健康动态进行评价,森林健康评价表明,落叶松林的健康状况有一定程度的改善和提高。
为进一步进行森林健康经营,对影响森林健康的主要因素森林火灾和病虫鼠害的影响因素进行了深入研究,对每一类病虫鼠害建立了针对性的监测与评价因子和评价标准;分析了森林可燃物因子与林分的关系,建立了相关模型,结果表明森林可燃物和主要林分指标呈显著相关关系。
在评价的基础上,建立该地区的森林健康监测体系,共设立5块标准监测样地;监测方法为样地监测,以地面样地监测和调查为主,同时提出了促进森林健康经营的防治对策。
This dissertation is based on the demonstration project of soil loss control(forest health) by biological measures sponsored by State Forestry Administration-Forest Health demonstration project in Tahe Forestry Bureau.Taking Tafeng management site of Tahe Forestry Bureau as the main study area, forest health evaluation index system was established to study the main forest health influence factors in this area according to the fundemental theory and the latest research progress by taking site investigation,data analysis,statistical analysis and AHP method.At the same time,forest health monitoring and control are implemented based on evaluating and analyzing the forest health status.
Based on the actual situation of study area and combining with the indicators system for forest health observation of forest ecosystem published by State Forestry Adminstration,the ordinary indicators system for Larix gmelini Forest monitoring and assessment was proposed.The indicators system is divided into 6 class 16 indexes.And also an AHP evaluation model was established.The status of forest health is divided into 4 grades:health,sub-health,general health and poor health.
The result of AHP evaluation shows that the analogy sorting of main influence factors of Larix gmelini Forest Health in this area is:forest fire,occurrence and damage of forest pests,forest soil erosion condition,human disturbance,occurrence and damage of forest rodent,biodiversity,pollution effect on the forest;the indicators sorting is:density of forest barrier zone,coverage of ground cover, insect density,gradient,percentage of harmed plants,human cutting-area,rodent damage area,vegetation coverage,diseases and insect pests species,tree species composition,attracked trees rate,human cutting intensity,shrub species,damaged forest area,ground cover species,artificial renewal trees number.
The evaluation result to the four kinds of Larix gmelini Forest communities shows that:the grade of Herbage Larix Forest is sub-health and the other 3 types are all general health.So it is necessary to select effective measures such as improving forest structure and forest management to promote forest health management in this area.
The forest health of 2-stage evaluation for Larix forest community based on forest subcompartment shows that:the forest health status has advanced and improved in some degree.
In order to promote forest health management,further study on the 2 main influence factors:forest fire,forest pest and rodent is done;directed monitoring and evaluation factor and standard for each pest and rodent species are established;the relationship between forest fuel factor and forest type is analyzed and relation model is established and the result shows that the fuel factors have significant correlation with main forest type indictors.
Forest Health Monitoring System of this area is established on the basis of evaluation.5 monitoring sample plots are setup in the project area.The plot monitoring is selected as monitoring method.Ground plot monitoring and investigation is the main method.At the same time,the control measures for improving forest health management is discussed in the paper.
引文
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