多谱段临近空间目标探测系统的研究
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摘要
临近空间是指距离地面20~100km范围的一段空天过渡区域。这一区域既不属于航空航天范畴,也没有国界限制,因此世界各个强国都加紧了对临近空间的研究,努力争夺在临近空间内的主导权。现在世界少数几个强国已经研制出如平流层飞艇、浮空气球以及无人机等临近空间探测侦查设备,使包括我国在内的世界大部分国家都长期处于被监视状态。
目前国内外还没有完全应用于临近空间目标的地基光学探测设备。本文提出了一个针对临近空间目标的地基光学探测方案,方案设计中包括可见光和红外等多个谱段的TDI传感器、以多谱段探测的方式进行工作,主要用于探测临近空间低动态慢速的飞行器目标。
系统主要由机械扫描分系统、光学成像分系统、图像传输分系统和图像处理分系统组成。在系统工作的时候,伺服控制系统控制力矩电机带动转台转动,同时编码器随之工作并提供脉冲信号给可见光相机和红外相机,触发两个相机曝光成像,图像数据经过机上和机下光纤传输给图像采集系统,然后图像采集系统再将数据传输给主控计算机处理和显示。
在图像处理方面,文中以基于特征点的配准算法为重点,介绍了Harris特征点提取算法和SUSAN特征点提取算法,并给出了多种图像特征点匹配方法,提出了一种粗匹配加精匹配方法,局部系数相关和随机采样一致性相结合的算法,根据配对的特征点计算图像配准参数,最后给出相应的实验结果。图像融合包含多种高效可行的算法,本文主要介绍了基于空间域的图像融合算法和基于变换域的图像融合算法,对拉普拉斯金字塔分解算法进行了细致的分析,并给出了相应的实验结果。基于小波变换的图像融合方法是融合领域最常用的方法之一,本文在常规的小波变换融合方法基础上,提出了优化小波变换融合规则的算法,并给出了相应的实验结果。
根据构造的系统硬件平台,本文在Matlab和VC++环境下编写了相应的软件程序,进行了实验测试,初步验证了系统的可行性。
Near space is the space area scope from altitude 20km to 100km. The near space belongs to neither the aviation region nor the space category, it has no the national boundaries. Therefore, many world powers are stepping up the development and utilization of the near space, make great efforts to compete for dominance in the near space. Now many detection equipments, such as stratospheric airships, floating balloon, and unmanned aerial vehicles etc have been developed by many powers. It results in many countries in the world including China are monitored long time.
There have no ground-based detection equipment for detecting near space target in the world now. A passive ground-based optical detection system of the near space target is proposed, the system solution includes many spectral band TDI sensors, for example, the visible sensor and the infrared sensor. It mainly used to detect low-dynamic aircraft target in near space.
The system mainly includes mechanical scan module, optic imaging module, image transfers module and image processing module. When the system works, servo system controls torque motor work and turntable rotation. At the same time, the encoder provides the pulse signal to the visible camera and the infrared camera, the pulse triggers cameras work. The image data is transferred to image acquisition module through the image transfers system, and then the image data is transferred to the main computer. It is used to process and display in the computer.
In the image processing, the keystone is the feature point registration algorithm, Harris extraction algorithm and SUSAN extraction algorithm are described, the coarse matching and the fine matching methods including the partial correlation coefficient and the RANSAC algorithm etc are given in the paper. Finally, experimental results are given. Image fusion contains a lot of efficient and feasible methods. The simple image fusion algorithm and the transform domain-based image fusion algorithm are described in the paper. The Laplacian Pyramid decomposition algorithm is analyzed carefully. The corresponding experimental results are given in the experiment part. Wavelet transform image fusion method is one of the most common methods. Base on the conventional fusion method, an optimized algorithm of wavelet transform fusion rule is given, and the corresponding experimental results are given in the last part.
Matlab and VC++ are used to program experiment code, in the course of the test, a lot of material parameters are given, and the feasibility of the system is preliminary verified.
目前国内外还没有完全应用于临近空间目标的地基光学探测设备。本文提出了一个针对临近空间目标的地基光学探测方案,方案设计中包括可见光和红外等多个谱段的TDI传感器、以多谱段探测的方式进行工作,主要用于探测临近空间低动态慢速的飞行器目标。
系统主要由机械扫描分系统、光学成像分系统、图像传输分系统和图像处理分系统组成。在系统工作的时候,伺服控制系统控制力矩电机带动转台转动,同时编码器随之工作并提供脉冲信号给可见光相机和红外相机,触发两个相机曝光成像,图像数据经过机上和机下光纤传输给图像采集系统,然后图像采集系统再将数据传输给主控计算机处理和显示。
在图像处理方面,文中以基于特征点的配准算法为重点,介绍了Harris特征点提取算法和SUSAN特征点提取算法,并给出了多种图像特征点匹配方法,提出了一种粗匹配加精匹配方法,局部系数相关和随机采样一致性相结合的算法,根据配对的特征点计算图像配准参数,最后给出相应的实验结果。图像融合包含多种高效可行的算法,本文主要介绍了基于空间域的图像融合算法和基于变换域的图像融合算法,对拉普拉斯金字塔分解算法进行了细致的分析,并给出了相应的实验结果。基于小波变换的图像融合方法是融合领域最常用的方法之一,本文在常规的小波变换融合方法基础上,提出了优化小波变换融合规则的算法,并给出了相应的实验结果。
根据构造的系统硬件平台,本文在Matlab和VC++环境下编写了相应的软件程序,进行了实验测试,初步验证了系统的可行性。
Near space is the space area scope from altitude 20km to 100km. The near space belongs to neither the aviation region nor the space category, it has no the national boundaries. Therefore, many world powers are stepping up the development and utilization of the near space, make great efforts to compete for dominance in the near space. Now many detection equipments, such as stratospheric airships, floating balloon, and unmanned aerial vehicles etc have been developed by many powers. It results in many countries in the world including China are monitored long time.
There have no ground-based detection equipment for detecting near space target in the world now. A passive ground-based optical detection system of the near space target is proposed, the system solution includes many spectral band TDI sensors, for example, the visible sensor and the infrared sensor. It mainly used to detect low-dynamic aircraft target in near space.
The system mainly includes mechanical scan module, optic imaging module, image transfers module and image processing module. When the system works, servo system controls torque motor work and turntable rotation. At the same time, the encoder provides the pulse signal to the visible camera and the infrared camera, the pulse triggers cameras work. The image data is transferred to image acquisition module through the image transfers system, and then the image data is transferred to the main computer. It is used to process and display in the computer.
In the image processing, the keystone is the feature point registration algorithm, Harris extraction algorithm and SUSAN extraction algorithm are described, the coarse matching and the fine matching methods including the partial correlation coefficient and the RANSAC algorithm etc are given in the paper. Finally, experimental results are given. Image fusion contains a lot of efficient and feasible methods. The simple image fusion algorithm and the transform domain-based image fusion algorithm are described in the paper. The Laplacian Pyramid decomposition algorithm is analyzed carefully. The corresponding experimental results are given in the experiment part. Wavelet transform image fusion method is one of the most common methods. Base on the conventional fusion method, an optimized algorithm of wavelet transform fusion rule is given, and the corresponding experimental results are given in the last part.
Matlab and VC++ are used to program experiment code, in the course of the test, a lot of material parameters are given, and the feasibility of the system is preliminary verified.
引文
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