稠油掺热水伴热集输地面系统工艺参数优化
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摘要
随着稠油产量不断增加,稠油在石油储量及产量中所占比例也逐渐增加,稠油如何集输、处理等一系列有别于稀油的问题成为广大科技工作者必须解决的问题和极为重视的研究课题。
本课题简要介绍了集输系统在稠油油田生产系统中的重要地位及国内外在稠油集输方面所得到的研究成果和结论,并介绍了相关的优化计算方法。以热力学,油田集输系统为基础,结合相应的优化设计方法进行掺热水集输的优化。根据双管掺热水地面集输系统流程特点,分析了稠油掺热水伴热集输管道传热过程,对管道系统参数进行了总体设计,明确了整个目标函数的确定需要考虑到系统运行热耗费用及系统运行电耗费用。并且根据热经济学原理,提出稠油掺热水伴热集输管道总体优化设计的数学模型。
根据本课题所选的目标函数和约束函数,该模型属于约束非线性规划问题。采用混合SUMT方法将约束优化转化为无约束优化,然后运用共轭梯度法和黄金分割法联合求解。采用Visual Basic语言编制计算机应用程序,得到系统参数优化结果。
应用编制的程序对辽河油田小二级布站的现场数据进行了参数优化计算。并对不同的运行条件下得到的结果进行了比较。发现一定情况下,井口产液温度,产液量及土壤温度对掺热水温度和掺热水量具有较大的影响。从而为提高稠油集输系统的运行效率、降低能耗提供了理论依据和技术指导。依据热力学原理和合理用能的观点,阐述了节能潜力的科学概念。对过程、设备及系统的用能分析评定准则、理论节能潜力与实际节能潜力的判别准则系列及节能潜力定量估算等进行了研究。
With the increase of the heavy oil output, the proportion of heavy oil in the oil reserves and output is increasing. The Oil-gas gathering and transportation system become the important problem to the operator of science and technology.
In this paper, the object is on the important status of the Oil-gas gathering and transportation system in the system of produce oil-field, introduced the study and the conclusion of the Oil-gas gathering and transportation system in domestic and overseas, and introduced the optimization method. Optimized the Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system, based on the Thermodynamics and Oil-gas gathering and transportation system, combined with the design method of optimization. Analyzed the process of the heavy Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system, based on the characteristic of Oil-gas gathering and transportation system with two pipeline, totally designed the parameters of pipeline system, definite the constitutes of target function is thermodynamic cost and electric cost in the system. Then based on the thermodynamic economics, put forward the parameters optimization mathematical model of the heavy Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system.
The mathematical model belong to the non-linear with restrict problem because of the target function and the restrict function. it can be solved with mixture SUMT method to transit the problem from optimize with restrict to non-restraint, then combined with Conjugate Grads method and Golden Section method. Program with Visual Basic can achieve the result of optimized parameter.
Calculated and analyzed the spot data of smallness two station in the LiaoHe oilfield, concluded that under some certain station the oil quantity and the oil temperature out of the well and the temperature of soil are important for the quantity and temperature of the hot water entered. This offered the academic gist and technical guidance for improving the run efficiency and reducing the energy cost of Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system. Stated the concept of energy conservation. Researched the standard of judge and distinguish for the process, equipment and system.
本课题简要介绍了集输系统在稠油油田生产系统中的重要地位及国内外在稠油集输方面所得到的研究成果和结论,并介绍了相关的优化计算方法。以热力学,油田集输系统为基础,结合相应的优化设计方法进行掺热水集输的优化。根据双管掺热水地面集输系统流程特点,分析了稠油掺热水伴热集输管道传热过程,对管道系统参数进行了总体设计,明确了整个目标函数的确定需要考虑到系统运行热耗费用及系统运行电耗费用。并且根据热经济学原理,提出稠油掺热水伴热集输管道总体优化设计的数学模型。
根据本课题所选的目标函数和约束函数,该模型属于约束非线性规划问题。采用混合SUMT方法将约束优化转化为无约束优化,然后运用共轭梯度法和黄金分割法联合求解。采用Visual Basic语言编制计算机应用程序,得到系统参数优化结果。
应用编制的程序对辽河油田小二级布站的现场数据进行了参数优化计算。并对不同的运行条件下得到的结果进行了比较。发现一定情况下,井口产液温度,产液量及土壤温度对掺热水温度和掺热水量具有较大的影响。从而为提高稠油集输系统的运行效率、降低能耗提供了理论依据和技术指导。依据热力学原理和合理用能的观点,阐述了节能潜力的科学概念。对过程、设备及系统的用能分析评定准则、理论节能潜力与实际节能潜力的判别准则系列及节能潜力定量估算等进行了研究。
With the increase of the heavy oil output, the proportion of heavy oil in the oil reserves and output is increasing. The Oil-gas gathering and transportation system become the important problem to the operator of science and technology.
In this paper, the object is on the important status of the Oil-gas gathering and transportation system in the system of produce oil-field, introduced the study and the conclusion of the Oil-gas gathering and transportation system in domestic and overseas, and introduced the optimization method. Optimized the Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system, based on the Thermodynamics and Oil-gas gathering and transportation system, combined with the design method of optimization. Analyzed the process of the heavy Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system, based on the characteristic of Oil-gas gathering and transportation system with two pipeline, totally designed the parameters of pipeline system, definite the constitutes of target function is thermodynamic cost and electric cost in the system. Then based on the thermodynamic economics, put forward the parameters optimization mathematical model of the heavy Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system.
The mathematical model belong to the non-linear with restrict problem because of the target function and the restrict function. it can be solved with mixture SUMT method to transit the problem from optimize with restrict to non-restraint, then combined with Conjugate Grads method and Golden Section method. Program with Visual Basic can achieve the result of optimized parameter.
Calculated and analyzed the spot data of smallness two station in the LiaoHe oilfield, concluded that under some certain station the oil quantity and the oil temperature out of the well and the temperature of soil are important for the quantity and temperature of the hot water entered. This offered the academic gist and technical guidance for improving the run efficiency and reducing the energy cost of Oil-gas gathering and transportation with hot water system. Stated the concept of energy conservation. Researched the standard of judge and distinguish for the process, equipment and system.
引文
[1]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001,8 (2):98-99.
[2]路宏.海上稠油处理的新工艺探讨[J].中国海上油气(工程),1999,11(2):49-53.
[3]冯叔初,郭揆常,王学敏.油气集输[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2002.113-122.
[4]周总瑛,唐跃刚.从油气资源状况论我国未来能源发展战略[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):212-213.
[5]梅江.强化节能技术研究提高油田效益[J].国外油田工程,1997,3:32-36.
[6]赵洪激,刘扬,高林森.树状双管掺热水集输系统参数优化技术[J].石油学报,1999,18(1):104 -110.
[7]刘扬,赵洪激.油田开发建设地面地下一体化优化[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25 (3):92-94.
[8]徐严波,徐严义,赵金洲.MDCP法在输油管道优化运行中的应用[J].油气储运, 2002,21(12):19-22.
[9]席少林,赵凤治.最优化计算方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983,58-177.
[10] Pansoy Papalmbors,Douglass J Wilde.Principles of optimal design Modeling and Computation[J].London.Cambridge University Press.1988.30(2):32-88.
[11] S.S Rao.Optimization theory and application[J].Wilev eastern limited.1984,9(2):43-76.
[12]施光艳,董加礼.最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.53-57.
[13]刘志斌,肖伟.最优化理论方法及应用[M].四川:西南石油学院出版社,1999.8(6):4-68.
[14]刘庆吉,张传续,张长海.实用最优化方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995.48-150.
[15]吴照云,项新耀,刘富润.集油系统运行方式与用能关系的探讨[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(1):12.
[16] Tong xiao-jiao, Zhou shou-zi. Combining Trust Region Method and Quasi-Newton Method for Equality Constrained Optimization[J]. Mathematica Applicata,2000,13(4):7-10.
[17] D.M.希梅尔布劳[美].实用非线性规划[M].1981.69-80.
[18] Amit K Sinha, B Vasudeva Rao, Christian H Buschof. Nonlinear Optimization Model for Screening Multipurpose Reservoir Systems[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1999,13(2):7-8.
[19] Andrzej Just. Exsitence Theorems and Galerkin Approximation for Non-linear Evolution Control Problems[J].Optimization,2003,52(3):287-300.
[20] Igor V Knonw.The Method of Multipliers for Nonlinearly Constrained Variational Inequalities[J].Optimization,2002,51(6):907-926.
[21]刘惟信.机械最优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.14-32.
[22]刘震,潘斌.可靠性约束下的海底油气集输管网系统优化[J].海洋工程,2003,21(2):26-31.
[23]梁永图,宫敬.成品油管道优化运行研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学报),2004,28(4):97-101.
[24]孟振虎.输油管道运行优化理论与方法的分析[J].天然气与石油,2004,22(1):18-22.
[25]初飞雪,吴长春.输气管道优化运行的研究现状[J].油气储运,2004,23(11):3-6.
[26]刘扬,关晓晶.集输管道可靠性的最优化算法[J].油气田地面工程,1993,13:24-26.
[27]郑清高.油气集输管网几何分布的研究[J].石油学报,1995,15(3):141-143.
[28]王清,李宗泗等.孤东管网优化运行技术[J].油气储运,1996,3(4):25-27.
[29]张增强,畅总民.秦京输油管道优化运行研究[J].油气储运,1998,5(10)9- 10.
[30]吴长春,邵国泰等.庆铁线输油管道系统稳态工况的最优化[J].油气储运,1998,17(7):4-8.
[31]蒲家宁,蒋明.管道顺序输送运行优化[J].油气储运,1999,18(10):1-6.
[32]刘伟,梁江.成品油管道总体工艺方案优化设计[J].油气储运,1999,18(3):8-10,32.
[33]宫敬,储祥萍.成品油管道优化运行方案研究[J].油气储运,2000,19(10):22-25.
[34]李波,余红伟.管网布局规划技术综述[J].石油规划设计,2001,12(1):16-18.
[35]魏立新,刘扬.油气集输系统规划方案优化计算[J].油气储运,2002,21(4):28-30.
[36]刘志斌,肖伟.最优化理论方法及应用[M].四川:西南石油学院出版社,1999.4-68.
[37]刘庆吉,张传续,张长海等.实用最优化方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995.48-150.
[38]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.24-57.
[2]路宏.海上稠油处理的新工艺探讨[J].中国海上油气(工程),1999,11(2):49-53.
[3]冯叔初,郭揆常,王学敏.油气集输[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2002.113-122.
[4]周总瑛,唐跃刚.从油气资源状况论我国未来能源发展战略[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):212-213.
[5]梅江.强化节能技术研究提高油田效益[J].国外油田工程,1997,3:32-36.
[6]赵洪激,刘扬,高林森.树状双管掺热水集输系统参数优化技术[J].石油学报,1999,18(1):104 -110.
[7]刘扬,赵洪激.油田开发建设地面地下一体化优化[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25 (3):92-94.
[8]徐严波,徐严义,赵金洲.MDCP法在输油管道优化运行中的应用[J].油气储运, 2002,21(12):19-22.
[9]席少林,赵凤治.最优化计算方法[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983,58-177.
[10] Pansoy Papalmbors,Douglass J Wilde.Principles of optimal design Modeling and Computation[J].London.Cambridge University Press.1988.30(2):32-88.
[11] S.S Rao.Optimization theory and application[J].Wilev eastern limited.1984,9(2):43-76.
[12]施光艳,董加礼.最优化方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.53-57.
[13]刘志斌,肖伟.最优化理论方法及应用[M].四川:西南石油学院出版社,1999.8(6):4-68.
[14]刘庆吉,张传续,张长海.实用最优化方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995.48-150.
[15]吴照云,项新耀,刘富润.集油系统运行方式与用能关系的探讨[J].油气田地面工程,1997,16(1):12.
[16] Tong xiao-jiao, Zhou shou-zi. Combining Trust Region Method and Quasi-Newton Method for Equality Constrained Optimization[J]. Mathematica Applicata,2000,13(4):7-10.
[17] D.M.希梅尔布劳[美].实用非线性规划[M].1981.69-80.
[18] Amit K Sinha, B Vasudeva Rao, Christian H Buschof. Nonlinear Optimization Model for Screening Multipurpose Reservoir Systems[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1999,13(2):7-8.
[19] Andrzej Just. Exsitence Theorems and Galerkin Approximation for Non-linear Evolution Control Problems[J].Optimization,2003,52(3):287-300.
[20] Igor V Knonw.The Method of Multipliers for Nonlinearly Constrained Variational Inequalities[J].Optimization,2002,51(6):907-926.
[21]刘惟信.机械最优化设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.14-32.
[22]刘震,潘斌.可靠性约束下的海底油气集输管网系统优化[J].海洋工程,2003,21(2):26-31.
[23]梁永图,宫敬.成品油管道优化运行研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学报),2004,28(4):97-101.
[24]孟振虎.输油管道运行优化理论与方法的分析[J].天然气与石油,2004,22(1):18-22.
[25]初飞雪,吴长春.输气管道优化运行的研究现状[J].油气储运,2004,23(11):3-6.
[26]刘扬,关晓晶.集输管道可靠性的最优化算法[J].油气田地面工程,1993,13:24-26.
[27]郑清高.油气集输管网几何分布的研究[J].石油学报,1995,15(3):141-143.
[28]王清,李宗泗等.孤东管网优化运行技术[J].油气储运,1996,3(4):25-27.
[29]张增强,畅总民.秦京输油管道优化运行研究[J].油气储运,1998,5(10)9- 10.
[30]吴长春,邵国泰等.庆铁线输油管道系统稳态工况的最优化[J].油气储运,1998,17(7):4-8.
[31]蒲家宁,蒋明.管道顺序输送运行优化[J].油气储运,1999,18(10):1-6.
[32]刘伟,梁江.成品油管道总体工艺方案优化设计[J].油气储运,1999,18(3):8-10,32.
[33]宫敬,储祥萍.成品油管道优化运行方案研究[J].油气储运,2000,19(10):22-25.
[34]李波,余红伟.管网布局规划技术综述[J].石油规划设计,2001,12(1):16-18.
[35]魏立新,刘扬.油气集输系统规划方案优化计算[J].油气储运,2002,21(4):28-30.
[36]刘志斌,肖伟.最优化理论方法及应用[M].四川:西南石油学院出版社,1999.4-68.
[37]刘庆吉,张传续,张长海等.实用最优化方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1995.48-150.
[38]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.24-57.