考虑凸形障碍物的天然气集输管网系统规划研究
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摘要
天然气集输工程是继油气藏勘探、开发和气田开采之后的一个非常重要的生产阶段。集输系统投资一般占整个油田地面工程的60%—70%,占整个油田工程的40%左右,因此对该系统进行优化会取得显著的经济效益。但是鉴于整个集输系统结构和技术上的复杂性,所建立的数学模型只能是在一定程度上的近似;如何提高数学模型的精度一直是广大管道工作者追求的目标,本文的研究目的就是在以往的研究基础上使模型与实际情况更加接近,提高集输管网的规划设计水平。
障碍在集输管网优化的过程中是客观存在的,其对于规划设计尤其是布局的影响是不可忽略的,如果在一项工程中不考虑障碍的影响,则会降低优化效果,使得整个设计缺乏完善性。因此,在整个天然气集输管网规划设计的过程中系统考虑障碍因素有着非常重要的现实意义。本文以二级布站方式的天然气集输管网为研究对象,考虑凸形面状障碍和线状障碍对其规划设计的影响。重点研究管网布局优化,然后在此基础上完成了管道参数优化设计。
根据管道造价和集气站造价之间的相互关系,建立了井组划分模型,该模型最大的优点就是在特定的条件下可以一次性完成整个管网系统的布局优化,在井组划分的过程中,通过计算来确定管线的最优越障方式,并增加对临时集气站位置评价模块。
将站的选址问题分为优化选址和站址评价两部分,在井组划分完成后,根据所建立的数学模型,分别采用单纯形法和禁忌搜索算法求解,同样增加对所选站位的位置评价模块。
将干支管网布局优化过程分为联合站位置的确定和管线最优连接方式的确定两个子过程。在确定联合站位置的过程中,考虑天然气集输管网网络优化变权的特点;在确定联合站的位置后,借鉴逐步生长法的基本思想,以集气站之间集气管线的造价为目标函数,并考虑管段中流量变化的特点,确定最优连接方式。
针对集输管网结构参数优化数学模型的特点,采用在组合优化中应用较多的禁忌搜索算法求解,成功的解决了该算法在具体应用中建立离散解空间与邻域解两个关键性的问题,实现了优化结果的离散化。
在进行理论研究的基础上,借助计算机对所建立的数学模型求解,并编制了相应的计算程序。结果表明该程序对于新开发气田的集输管网规划设计工作具有指导性作用。
Natural gas gathering and transferring engineering is a very important stage in production after oil-gas accumulation exploration, exploitation and oil-gas recovery. Generally speaking, its investment occupies 60%-70% of oil field ground projects system and 40% of the whole oil field engineering. Therefore, the optimal design of the system will greatly reduce the disbursement. Considering the complexity of the whole system in structure and technology, the mathematical model established can only to a certain extent get close to the actual situation. How to improve the precision of the mathematical model has been the aim of the pipeline researchers all the time, the research purpose of this paper is to make mathematical model get much closer to the practical situation.Obstacle dose exist during the optimal process of gathering and transferring natural gas pipeline network, and the effect of it to the plan and design, especially to the distribution of the project is so great that it can't be ignored. During the course of optimization, if we can't reasonably take the effect of obstacle into consideration, it will so surely reduce the effectiveness of the whole project as to make it less perfect. Therefore, it has a very important practical meaning to consider the effect of obstacle during the whole optimal process of gathering and transferring natural gas pipeline network.Regarding the two-step stations Natural gas gathering and transferring pipeline network as the research object and considering the effect of convex-surface shape obstacle and line-shape obstacle to the optimal design, the paper put emphasis upon topological optimization of pipeline network, and based on this, optimal topology parameter optimization of pipeline network was also studied.According to the relationship between pipeline investment and the construction investment of gas gathering stations, gas wells partition mathematics model was set up. The greatest advantage of mathematics model is that it could complete the optimization of network allocation at a time in specific condition. During the course of optimal partition of gas wells, it could determine the best way to pass the obstacles through calculation, and add the positional evaluation of temporary gas gathering station.In this paper, the process of select gas gathering stations' location was divided into two parts: optimize location and positional evaluation. On the basis of optimal partition of gas wells, Tabu Search algorithm and simplex algorithm is adopted. The topological optimization of the main and lateral gas network was divided into the determination of Joint Station's station and the optimization of pipeline connecting way. During the course of determination of Joint Station's station, considering the salience of changing weight and referring the ideas of progressively growth method, the optimization connecting way with minimum cost was determinedafter determining the Joint Station's position.
Aiming at the mathematics model's characteristics of pipeline parameter optimization, Tabu searching algorithm was adopted to solve the model which was widely used in combinatorial optimization algorithm, succeeding in solving two critical problems: the establishment of the both discrete solution space and neighborhood solution. This algorithm has brought discreteness into effect.Based on the theoretical research mentioned above, homologous calculation procedure was developed; the results of the procedure demonstrate that it has directive significance for planning and design work of new exploitationed natural gas field.
障碍在集输管网优化的过程中是客观存在的,其对于规划设计尤其是布局的影响是不可忽略的,如果在一项工程中不考虑障碍的影响,则会降低优化效果,使得整个设计缺乏完善性。因此,在整个天然气集输管网规划设计的过程中系统考虑障碍因素有着非常重要的现实意义。本文以二级布站方式的天然气集输管网为研究对象,考虑凸形面状障碍和线状障碍对其规划设计的影响。重点研究管网布局优化,然后在此基础上完成了管道参数优化设计。
根据管道造价和集气站造价之间的相互关系,建立了井组划分模型,该模型最大的优点就是在特定的条件下可以一次性完成整个管网系统的布局优化,在井组划分的过程中,通过计算来确定管线的最优越障方式,并增加对临时集气站位置评价模块。
将站的选址问题分为优化选址和站址评价两部分,在井组划分完成后,根据所建立的数学模型,分别采用单纯形法和禁忌搜索算法求解,同样增加对所选站位的位置评价模块。
将干支管网布局优化过程分为联合站位置的确定和管线最优连接方式的确定两个子过程。在确定联合站位置的过程中,考虑天然气集输管网网络优化变权的特点;在确定联合站的位置后,借鉴逐步生长法的基本思想,以集气站之间集气管线的造价为目标函数,并考虑管段中流量变化的特点,确定最优连接方式。
针对集输管网结构参数优化数学模型的特点,采用在组合优化中应用较多的禁忌搜索算法求解,成功的解决了该算法在具体应用中建立离散解空间与邻域解两个关键性的问题,实现了优化结果的离散化。
在进行理论研究的基础上,借助计算机对所建立的数学模型求解,并编制了相应的计算程序。结果表明该程序对于新开发气田的集输管网规划设计工作具有指导性作用。
Natural gas gathering and transferring engineering is a very important stage in production after oil-gas accumulation exploration, exploitation and oil-gas recovery. Generally speaking, its investment occupies 60%-70% of oil field ground projects system and 40% of the whole oil field engineering. Therefore, the optimal design of the system will greatly reduce the disbursement. Considering the complexity of the whole system in structure and technology, the mathematical model established can only to a certain extent get close to the actual situation. How to improve the precision of the mathematical model has been the aim of the pipeline researchers all the time, the research purpose of this paper is to make mathematical model get much closer to the practical situation.Obstacle dose exist during the optimal process of gathering and transferring natural gas pipeline network, and the effect of it to the plan and design, especially to the distribution of the project is so great that it can't be ignored. During the course of optimization, if we can't reasonably take the effect of obstacle into consideration, it will so surely reduce the effectiveness of the whole project as to make it less perfect. Therefore, it has a very important practical meaning to consider the effect of obstacle during the whole optimal process of gathering and transferring natural gas pipeline network.Regarding the two-step stations Natural gas gathering and transferring pipeline network as the research object and considering the effect of convex-surface shape obstacle and line-shape obstacle to the optimal design, the paper put emphasis upon topological optimization of pipeline network, and based on this, optimal topology parameter optimization of pipeline network was also studied.According to the relationship between pipeline investment and the construction investment of gas gathering stations, gas wells partition mathematics model was set up. The greatest advantage of mathematics model is that it could complete the optimization of network allocation at a time in specific condition. During the course of optimal partition of gas wells, it could determine the best way to pass the obstacles through calculation, and add the positional evaluation of temporary gas gathering station.In this paper, the process of select gas gathering stations' location was divided into two parts: optimize location and positional evaluation. On the basis of optimal partition of gas wells, Tabu Search algorithm and simplex algorithm is adopted. The topological optimization of the main and lateral gas network was divided into the determination of Joint Station's station and the optimization of pipeline connecting way. During the course of determination of Joint Station's station, considering the salience of changing weight and referring the ideas of progressively growth method, the optimization connecting way with minimum cost was determinedafter determining the Joint Station's position.
Aiming at the mathematics model's characteristics of pipeline parameter optimization, Tabu searching algorithm was adopted to solve the model which was widely used in combinatorial optimization algorithm, succeeding in solving two critical problems: the establishment of the both discrete solution space and neighborhood solution. This algorithm has brought discreteness into effect.Based on the theoretical research mentioned above, homologous calculation procedure was developed; the results of the procedure demonstrate that it has directive significance for planning and design work of new exploitationed natural gas field.
引文
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[3].席少林、赵凤治.最优化计算方法.上海:科学技术出版社.1983.8
[4].万耀青、梁庚荣、陈治强.最优化计算方法常用程序汇编.北京:工人出版社.
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[6].黄志潜、A.Seireg.石油与天然气管道工程最优化技术综述.油气储运,1987,6(2):1-5
[7].李书文、姚亦华.天然气集输网络最优化—静态设计,天然气工业,1988年第2期。
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[9].刘扬 具有确定网络拓扑关系的集输管网系统布局优化设计.大连理工大学学报,1989,29(2):131-137
[10].刘杨、关晓晶.环形集输管网拓扑优化设计,天然气工业,1993,13(2):71-75
[11].郑清高.油气集输管网几何布局的研究,石油学报,1995年第1期
[12].李宏伟、谭家华.海底油气集输管网的优化设计,中国海上油气(工程),2000年第4期
[13].李波、余红伟.管网布局规划技术综述,石油规划设计,2001年第1期
[14].李占利、张群会、张家彬.油田剖分方案的模糊优选,油气田地面工程(OGSE)第17卷第1期(1998.1)
[15].刘震,潘斌.海底油气集输管线网络拓扑分析,中国海洋平台,2003第18卷第2期
[16].曾自强、张育芳.天然气集输工程,石油工业出版社,2001年11月
[17].袁宗明.天然气集输管网最优规划研究 西南石油学院博士论文2002
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[19].刘扬.石油工程优化设计理论及方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.114-138.
[20].孟荣章、李书文.大型气田集输管网布局优化,石油规划设计,1998年第2期:16-18
[21].李占利、赵毅.油气集输干枝管网的优化研究,油气田地面工程(OGSE) 第16卷第3期(1997.5)
[22]. Rachford H.H,. Transient pipeline calculation improve design, Oil& Gas Journal, 1982,30(10)
[23].陈森发.Steiner问题和给水管网布局的优化.南京工学院学报,1985(2):112-119
[24].刘扬等.油气集输优化设计中的管线越障碍与参数优化.石油工程建设,1990(3)
[25].刘扬.石油工程优化设计理论及方法,石油工业出版社
[26].赵俊.油田地面工程系统信息化管理及应用研究 西南石油学院硕士论文2004
[27].原河峰、杨丽徙、章健.以最优化理论进行农村电网规划(一),农村电气化,1994,6:2-4
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