以电催化法和生化法为基础的印染废水零排放技术研究
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摘要
每年全国所排放的废水中一半是工业废水,工业废水中含有大量人工合成的有机物,这些有机物直接排放会造成环境污染和危害人类健康。传统方法很难有效降解这些废水中的有机物,而电化学法不需添加化学试剂,能快速有效的降解有机物从而保护环境。而电极材料是电催化氧化法的基础,研究制备高性能的电极材料是电化学的前沿课题。论文主要从电化学法处理工业废水出发,对阳极材料的研制,电化学氧化处理制革染料废水和印染废水的工艺进行了研究和探讨。
采用涂刷法和电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极,经扫描电镜表征,涂刷法制备的电极表面有明显的龟裂,而电沉积法制备的电极表面无龟裂,电极比表面积大,电极催化活性强。在中性条件下,电沉积法制备的Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极的析氧过电位在2.3V左右,电极性能稳定。用所制备的Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极处理酸性红-14染料废水,实验结果表面在4V电压下,pH值为3,电极间距为10mm,电解30min后,酸性红-14的色度去除率达99；电解100mg/L的罗丹明B溶液,5min色度去除率达92.8%,去除效果显著。
针对印染废水极难生化降解等特点,研发了零排放工艺：首先采用电催化法提高其可生化性,找到经济处理条件,再经生化处理,出水回用作循环冷却水补充水。试验发现,实际印染废水中含有大量的固形物,在电解过程中易粘附在电极表面,使得电催化性能降低,采用倒极法能有效防止电极表面污染。电催化的经济条件为：槽电压3V,主电极表面积与废水体积比1：6,每5min倒极一次,处理时间60min。在此条件下,CODCr去除率为45a5,BOD5/CODCr由处理前的0.27提高到0.84,可生化性大大提高。再经生化处理,CODCr去除率为96.7%,CODCr降为68mg/1,达到国家排放标准。结合本课题组开发的电泳镀膜工艺,出水可直接用作循环冷却水补充水,实现废水零排放。
Each year half of the wastewater discharged by industrial wastewater, industrial wastewater contains large amounts of synthetic organic compounds, these organisms can cause direct discharge of environmental pollution and hazards to human health. These traditional methods is difficult to effectively degrade the organic matter in waste water, and electrochemical method without addition of chemical reagents, the degradation of organic matter can be quickly and effectively to protect the environment. The electrode material is the basis of electro-catalytic oxidation method to study the preparation of the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is the forefront of issues. Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater from the start, the development of anode materials, the electrochemical oxidation of tannery wastewater treatment process and dyeing wastewater was studied and discussed in this paper.
Deposition by brushing method and prepared Ti/SnO2-CeO2 electrodes, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, brushing the surface of the electrode prepared obvious cracks. Deposition of the electrode surface without cracks, the electrode surface area, high catalytic activity electrodes. In neutral conditions, electrodeposition Ti/ SnO2-CeO2electrode prepared in the oxygen evolution potential of about 2.3V, the electrode performance and stability. With the prepared Ti /SnO2-CeO2 electrode Acid Red-14 wastewater treatment, the experimental results surface in the 4V,pH value is 3,the electrode spacing of 10mm, the electrolysis after 30min,the color of Acid Red-14 removal to 99%,removal efficiency significantly.
Extremely difficult for the printing and dyeing wastewater biodegradable characteristics, zero-emissions technology research and development:first with electro-catalytic method to improve their biodegradability, to find economic treatment conditions, and then the biochemical treatment, the water used for cooling water back to water. It was found, the actual printing and dyeing wastewater contains large amounts of solids, in the electrolysis process easy to adhere to the electrode surface, making the electro-catalytic performance degradation, the use of inverted pole electrode surface can effectively prevent the contamination. Electrocatalysis of economic conditions:cell voltage 3V, the main electrode surface area and water volume ratio of 1:6, very down once every 5min, the processing time 60min. Under these conditions, COD removal rate was 45%, BOD5/CODCr increase from the 0.27 before treatment to 0.84, greatly improved the biodegradability. Then by biological treatment, COD removal rate was 96.7%, COD reduced to 68mg/L, up to the national emission standards. Electrophoresis with the development of our group coating process, the effluent can be directly used as cooling water in water, to achieve zero discharge of wastewater.
采用涂刷法和电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极,经扫描电镜表征,涂刷法制备的电极表面有明显的龟裂,而电沉积法制备的电极表面无龟裂,电极比表面积大,电极催化活性强。在中性条件下,电沉积法制备的Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极的析氧过电位在2.3V左右,电极性能稳定。用所制备的Ti/SnO2-CeO2电极处理酸性红-14染料废水,实验结果表面在4V电压下,pH值为3,电极间距为10mm,电解30min后,酸性红-14的色度去除率达99；电解100mg/L的罗丹明B溶液,5min色度去除率达92.8%,去除效果显著。
针对印染废水极难生化降解等特点,研发了零排放工艺：首先采用电催化法提高其可生化性,找到经济处理条件,再经生化处理,出水回用作循环冷却水补充水。试验发现,实际印染废水中含有大量的固形物,在电解过程中易粘附在电极表面,使得电催化性能降低,采用倒极法能有效防止电极表面污染。电催化的经济条件为：槽电压3V,主电极表面积与废水体积比1：6,每5min倒极一次,处理时间60min。在此条件下,CODCr去除率为45a5,BOD5/CODCr由处理前的0.27提高到0.84,可生化性大大提高。再经生化处理,CODCr去除率为96.7%,CODCr降为68mg/1,达到国家排放标准。结合本课题组开发的电泳镀膜工艺,出水可直接用作循环冷却水补充水,实现废水零排放。
Each year half of the wastewater discharged by industrial wastewater, industrial wastewater contains large amounts of synthetic organic compounds, these organisms can cause direct discharge of environmental pollution and hazards to human health. These traditional methods is difficult to effectively degrade the organic matter in waste water, and electrochemical method without addition of chemical reagents, the degradation of organic matter can be quickly and effectively to protect the environment. The electrode material is the basis of electro-catalytic oxidation method to study the preparation of the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is the forefront of issues. Electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater from the start, the development of anode materials, the electrochemical oxidation of tannery wastewater treatment process and dyeing wastewater was studied and discussed in this paper.
Deposition by brushing method and prepared Ti/SnO2-CeO2 electrodes, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, brushing the surface of the electrode prepared obvious cracks. Deposition of the electrode surface without cracks, the electrode surface area, high catalytic activity electrodes. In neutral conditions, electrodeposition Ti/ SnO2-CeO2electrode prepared in the oxygen evolution potential of about 2.3V, the electrode performance and stability. With the prepared Ti /SnO2-CeO2 electrode Acid Red-14 wastewater treatment, the experimental results surface in the 4V,pH value is 3,the electrode spacing of 10mm, the electrolysis after 30min,the color of Acid Red-14 removal to 99%,removal efficiency significantly.
Extremely difficult for the printing and dyeing wastewater biodegradable characteristics, zero-emissions technology research and development:first with electro-catalytic method to improve their biodegradability, to find economic treatment conditions, and then the biochemical treatment, the water used for cooling water back to water. It was found, the actual printing and dyeing wastewater contains large amounts of solids, in the electrolysis process easy to adhere to the electrode surface, making the electro-catalytic performance degradation, the use of inverted pole electrode surface can effectively prevent the contamination. Electrocatalysis of economic conditions:cell voltage 3V, the main electrode surface area and water volume ratio of 1:6, very down once every 5min, the processing time 60min. Under these conditions, COD removal rate was 45%, BOD5/CODCr increase from the 0.27 before treatment to 0.84, greatly improved the biodegradability. Then by biological treatment, COD removal rate was 96.7%, COD reduced to 68mg/L, up to the national emission standards. Electrophoresis with the development of our group coating process, the effluent can be directly used as cooling water in water, to achieve zero discharge of wastewater.
引文
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[3]Henze M,Jansen JC. Wastewater treatment[M].Germany:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heideberg,2002
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[7]彭公清,许开.印染废水处理现状有进展[J].四川纺织科技,2003,2(11)；4-9
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