新场地区须家河组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物研究
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摘要
四川盆地西部三叠系须家河组地层是盆地中最为重要的天然气产层和储层,该地层天然气资源非常丰富,潜力巨大,已成为四川盆地天然气勘探与开发的重要目的层位之一。多年的勘探开发证实,川西坳陷须家河组为典型的极度致密储层,具有超深、超低孔渗两个重要特征,而压实作用和胶结作用是影响川西坳陷须家河组储层砂岩物性的两个主要因素。
本世纪以来,新场地区日益成为川西坳陷须家河组深层天然气资源勘探开发的最重要阵地之一,但相应的成岩作用研究在该区仍显薄弱。为此,我们试图选取新场地区须家河组储层进行相应的研究,主要对储层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀及形成机制进行探讨,期望这些研究成果可为预测普遍低孔低渗背景下相对优质储层的分布规律提供重要的依据。
目前已证实不同类型或不同期次碳酸盐胶结物的形成是造成油气储层致密的一个重要影响因素。有关这些碳酸盐胶结物的形成机理、赋存状态、物质来源和及其对储层物性的影响的研究正是目前低渗透储层研究的热点问题。本文从新场地区上三叠统须家河组碎屑岩储层岩石学特征入手,在对室内资料全面分析的基础上,运用岩石学和沉积学理论,借助铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光等分析手段,对该区岩石类型、骨架颗粒组成、岩石结构等岩石学特征进行了详细研究,重点针对碳酸盐胶结物的类型、分布规律、氧碳同位素组成特征以及胶结物赋存状态等特征进行了比较全面和系统的研究,运用了岩石学、矿物学和地球化学相结合的方法,从微观角度对不同类型碳酸盐胶结物的可能成因机理进行了探讨,并就其对储层的影响进行了评价。
研究发现,新场地区须家河组储层砂岩的岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和石英砂岩为主,缺乏长石砂岩及其过渡岩石类型。贫长石富石英、高成分成熟度和低结构成熟度以及分选好、中粒为主是该区须家河组组储层砂岩的主要特征。砂岩杂基组分主要由水云母、泥质等构成。杂基含量较低,但自生矿物含量相对较高,特别是碳酸盐胶结物,是导致储层砂岩孔隙度和渗透率降低的重要因素。储层砂岩具有中等的自生矿物含量,平均值在9%左右,主要为自生碳酸盐矿物、自生石英和自生粘土矿物,其对储层质量的发育具有很大影响。
新场地区须家河组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物主要类型包括方解石、白云石、铁方解和和铁白云石等,另见少量菱铁矿。这些自生碳酸盐矿物以粒状或者连生方式赋存于粒间孔、粒内孔和长石粒内溶孔中。从其纵向分布来看,两个重要的储层砂岩段(须2段和须4段)的碳酸盐胶结物总量没有实质性差别,但须4段以方解石(包括铁方解石和含铁方解石)为主,而须2段以白云石(包括铁白云石)为主。
研究区须家河组储层砂岩的储集空间主要以岩屑溶孔、杂基溶孔、晶间孔、粒间溶孔、长石溶孔等次生孔隙为主,原生孔隙不发育。相应煤系地层产生的酸性流体对铝硅酸盐矿物等易溶组分的溶解作用,一方面导致了研究区储层砂岩中次生孔隙(如长石溶孔)的形成和增加,另一方面,溶解作用所产生的物质可能是自生碳酸盐矿物的重要物质来源。
T3x2 to T3x5 zone were the gas main producing and reservoir formation,in the west of Sichuan basin. There are quite plenty of natural gas resources and huge potential for exploration. Years of exploration and development to confirm that is extremely dense typical reservoir, with ultra-deep, ultra-low porosity and permeability. The quantitative statistics show that the mechanic compaction is the main cause resulting in the disappearance of primary porosity, and the next one is cementation.
Xinchang area increasingly becoming the most important positions of the gas exploration and development of the Xujiahe formation in the west of Sichuan basin since this century. However, the corresponding study of diagenesis still weak in the area. So, we tried to select Xujiahe reservoir of Xinchang area, to study primarily cabornate cements and its foming mechanism in the reservoir sandstones. We expect the results to give out certain theory foundations of the prediction about distribution of relative high-quality reservoirs in the general context of low porosity and low permeability.
At present, it has been confirmed that carbonate cements of different types or different stages in oil and gas reservoirs is an important densification factor. They are hot issues of the study of low-permeability reservoir about carbonate cement formation mechanism, mode of occurrence, material sources and its impact on reservoir properties. Paper in view of the petrology characteristic in Upper Triassic clastic rock reservoir in Xinchang area, on the basis of analysis indoor data, combined with the petrology and sedimentary theories, by means of various analytical techniques including impregnated thin section analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and so on. Based on those experiments,the petrology charater, mineral character and geochemistry character of authigenic carbonate mineral is analysed, the effect on the on reservoir quality for carbonate cements is evaluated, and its formation mechanism is discussed.
The primarily rock types of Xujiahe formation are lithic sandstone, lithic quartzarenite and quartzarenite, but lacking feldspar sandstone. Middle grain size, locking feldspar and riching quartz, high composition maturity and poor structural maturity are the characteristics of Xujiahe formation reservoir sandstone. Reservoir sandstone has much authigenic mineral, and its average content achieves 9%.Including authigenic carbonate mineral, authigenic quartzite and clay mineral.
The authigenic carbonate mineral mainly consists of calcite, ankerite and siderite. The are hosted in different resevoir space,for example,intergranular dissolution porosity, mineral intercrystal porosity, feldspar dissolution porosity, et al.. Total carbonate cement are almost same from longitudinal distribution. However, calcite appered mainly in T3x4 , ankerite appered mainly in T3x2.
Reservoir space are mainly secondary dissolution pores, including lithic dissolution porosity, intergranular dissolution porosity, mineral intercrystal porosity, feldspar dissolution porosity, the primary porosity is poor. The Xujiahe formation coal stratum produces acidic fluid and it dissolve the component of aluminosilicate mineral. On the one hand, the acidic fluid increased sandstone secondary porosity, on the other hand, the material resources of th authigenic carbonate mineral come from dissolution especial feldspar in Xinchang area.
本世纪以来,新场地区日益成为川西坳陷须家河组深层天然气资源勘探开发的最重要阵地之一,但相应的成岩作用研究在该区仍显薄弱。为此,我们试图选取新场地区须家河组储层进行相应的研究,主要对储层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀及形成机制进行探讨,期望这些研究成果可为预测普遍低孔低渗背景下相对优质储层的分布规律提供重要的依据。
目前已证实不同类型或不同期次碳酸盐胶结物的形成是造成油气储层致密的一个重要影响因素。有关这些碳酸盐胶结物的形成机理、赋存状态、物质来源和及其对储层物性的影响的研究正是目前低渗透储层研究的热点问题。本文从新场地区上三叠统须家河组碎屑岩储层岩石学特征入手,在对室内资料全面分析的基础上,运用岩石学和沉积学理论,借助铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光等分析手段,对该区岩石类型、骨架颗粒组成、岩石结构等岩石学特征进行了详细研究,重点针对碳酸盐胶结物的类型、分布规律、氧碳同位素组成特征以及胶结物赋存状态等特征进行了比较全面和系统的研究,运用了岩石学、矿物学和地球化学相结合的方法,从微观角度对不同类型碳酸盐胶结物的可能成因机理进行了探讨,并就其对储层的影响进行了评价。
研究发现,新场地区须家河组储层砂岩的岩石类型以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和石英砂岩为主,缺乏长石砂岩及其过渡岩石类型。贫长石富石英、高成分成熟度和低结构成熟度以及分选好、中粒为主是该区须家河组组储层砂岩的主要特征。砂岩杂基组分主要由水云母、泥质等构成。杂基含量较低,但自生矿物含量相对较高,特别是碳酸盐胶结物,是导致储层砂岩孔隙度和渗透率降低的重要因素。储层砂岩具有中等的自生矿物含量,平均值在9%左右,主要为自生碳酸盐矿物、自生石英和自生粘土矿物,其对储层质量的发育具有很大影响。
新场地区须家河组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物主要类型包括方解石、白云石、铁方解和和铁白云石等,另见少量菱铁矿。这些自生碳酸盐矿物以粒状或者连生方式赋存于粒间孔、粒内孔和长石粒内溶孔中。从其纵向分布来看,两个重要的储层砂岩段(须2段和须4段)的碳酸盐胶结物总量没有实质性差别,但须4段以方解石(包括铁方解石和含铁方解石)为主,而须2段以白云石(包括铁白云石)为主。
研究区须家河组储层砂岩的储集空间主要以岩屑溶孔、杂基溶孔、晶间孔、粒间溶孔、长石溶孔等次生孔隙为主,原生孔隙不发育。相应煤系地层产生的酸性流体对铝硅酸盐矿物等易溶组分的溶解作用,一方面导致了研究区储层砂岩中次生孔隙(如长石溶孔)的形成和增加,另一方面,溶解作用所产生的物质可能是自生碳酸盐矿物的重要物质来源。
T3x2 to T3x5 zone were the gas main producing and reservoir formation,in the west of Sichuan basin. There are quite plenty of natural gas resources and huge potential for exploration. Years of exploration and development to confirm that is extremely dense typical reservoir, with ultra-deep, ultra-low porosity and permeability. The quantitative statistics show that the mechanic compaction is the main cause resulting in the disappearance of primary porosity, and the next one is cementation.
Xinchang area increasingly becoming the most important positions of the gas exploration and development of the Xujiahe formation in the west of Sichuan basin since this century. However, the corresponding study of diagenesis still weak in the area. So, we tried to select Xujiahe reservoir of Xinchang area, to study primarily cabornate cements and its foming mechanism in the reservoir sandstones. We expect the results to give out certain theory foundations of the prediction about distribution of relative high-quality reservoirs in the general context of low porosity and low permeability.
At present, it has been confirmed that carbonate cements of different types or different stages in oil and gas reservoirs is an important densification factor. They are hot issues of the study of low-permeability reservoir about carbonate cement formation mechanism, mode of occurrence, material sources and its impact on reservoir properties. Paper in view of the petrology characteristic in Upper Triassic clastic rock reservoir in Xinchang area, on the basis of analysis indoor data, combined with the petrology and sedimentary theories, by means of various analytical techniques including impregnated thin section analysis,scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and so on. Based on those experiments,the petrology charater, mineral character and geochemistry character of authigenic carbonate mineral is analysed, the effect on the on reservoir quality for carbonate cements is evaluated, and its formation mechanism is discussed.
The primarily rock types of Xujiahe formation are lithic sandstone, lithic quartzarenite and quartzarenite, but lacking feldspar sandstone. Middle grain size, locking feldspar and riching quartz, high composition maturity and poor structural maturity are the characteristics of Xujiahe formation reservoir sandstone. Reservoir sandstone has much authigenic mineral, and its average content achieves 9%.Including authigenic carbonate mineral, authigenic quartzite and clay mineral.
The authigenic carbonate mineral mainly consists of calcite, ankerite and siderite. The are hosted in different resevoir space,for example,intergranular dissolution porosity, mineral intercrystal porosity, feldspar dissolution porosity, et al.. Total carbonate cement are almost same from longitudinal distribution. However, calcite appered mainly in T3x4 , ankerite appered mainly in T3x2.
Reservoir space are mainly secondary dissolution pores, including lithic dissolution porosity, intergranular dissolution porosity, mineral intercrystal porosity, feldspar dissolution porosity, the primary porosity is poor. The Xujiahe formation coal stratum produces acidic fluid and it dissolve the component of aluminosilicate mineral. On the one hand, the acidic fluid increased sandstone secondary porosity, on the other hand, the material resources of th authigenic carbonate mineral come from dissolution especial feldspar in Xinchang area.
引文
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