鄂尔多斯盆地西缘下古生界成藏条件研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘,地处分隔中国东、西部两大构造域的南北构造带北段,夹持在华北克拉通与阿拉善地块、秦岭造山带与祁连造山带等不同构造单元之间,经历了复杂的构造演化。由于研究区广布有古生界海相地层,沉积厚度大,烃源岩及储集岩发育,因此,对鄂尔多斯西缘的下古生界进行石油地质条件的系统研究,将有助于对研究区下古生界天然气勘探目标进行客观评价,且为天然气勘探目标优选提供依据。
本文在充分运用前人研究成果的基础上,综合利用地质、测井、野外露头等资料,主要从沉积相、风化壳储层、泥页岩盖层、构造活动等方面对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘地区下古生界奥陶系天然气进行剖析,分析其成藏条件及成藏特征。通过天然气成藏条件的研究,有助于认识天然气的成藏过程和成藏机理,为今后的天然气勘探提供理论依据。
通过沉积相、岩石类型以及地球化学特征等的对比,指出西缘下古生界主要烃源为奥陶系的马家沟组和平凉组,有机质类型为Ⅰ～Ⅱ1型,有机质丰度达到中等级标准,现今演化为过熟干气阶段。研究区下古生界主要的储集体为马家沟组开阔海台地石灰岩和平凉组深水重力流储集体、台地相灰岩、白云岩储集体以及局部地区的海底扇储集体。在研究区下古生界划分出三大类储盖组合:即风化壳储盖组合、内幕型储盖组合以及重力流碎屑岩(海底扇)储盖组合。石炭—二叠系暗色泥岩遍布全区,为区域性盖层,中奥陶统尖灭线以西、以南为平凉组泥岩盖层覆盖区,环县、定北和正宁一带有石炭系泥岩作为直接盖层。研究区下古生界的天然气运移方式应以单相天然气相运移为主,运移通道主要依靠不整合面(上、下古生界不整合面),其次为裂缝。根据天然气成藏要素和它们之间在时空上的匹配关系,西缘天然气成藏组合模式为三类:○1受构造圈闭控制的成藏组合模式②受非构造(岩性、地层、古岩溶)圈闭控制的成藏组合模式③海底扇碎屑岩气藏成藏组合模式。
The western margin of Ordos basin is situated in the northern part of South-North trending structural zone which lies between different tectonic realm of east and west China. It is surrounded by different tectonic units of the north China craton, alxa block, the qingling orogen and qilian orogen. Because of wide and thick Palaeozoic marine facies formation、good hydrocarbon source rocks、reservoir rocks and so on, systematical researched in oil geology conditions of western margin of Ordos basin in lower Paleozoic is conduce to evaluate the gas exploration objects and provide foundations to optimise objects.
Based on making full use of the former research results, author studied in detail the lower Paleozoic Ordovician natural gas in western margin of Ordos Basin, and analyzed reservoir forming conditions and characteristics according to sedimentary facies, weathering crust reservoir, shale cap rock and tectonic activity, by comprehensively utilizing geologic data, log wells, outcrops, etc. Research on reservoir forming conditions contributed to recognize reservoir forming history and mechanism of natural gas, and provided a theoretical basis for future gas prospecting.
Through the correlation between sedimentary facie、rock type and geochemical behavior, Majiagou Formation and Pingliang Formation are the chief source rock in Lower Paleozoic of western margin of Ordos Basin. The evolutionary phase is medium abundance overcure dry gas phase, the kerogen type is I～II1. The limestone of open marine platform in Majiagou Formation and the limestone, the dolomite along with some submarine fan reservoir in Pingliang Formation are the chief reservoir rocks in Lower Paleozoic of western margin of Ordos Basin. Based on the study, classified the reservoir-cap combination in three types, weathering crust reservoir-cap combination, inner structure reservoir-cap combination and gravity flow clasolite (submarine fan) reservoir-cap combination.There was Permo-Carboniferous system dark mudstone found everywhere in study area, that was regional cap rock,the west and south of the middle Ordovician wedge out was Pingliang formation mudstone overlay area,there was Carboniferous mudstone be the baring in Huanxian、Dingbei and.Zhengning.The way of migration in upper-Palaeozoic in study area mainly was monophase gas,migration pathway rely on unconformity surface(unconformity surface between Neopaleozoic and Eopaleozoic ), fractures was the secondly.According to the accumulation factors and their matching relationship in time and space, the play model in western margin of Ordos basin was divide into three types:○1 the play model was under the control of the structural trap○2 the play model was under the control of the non-structured trap(lithology、layer、ancient karst)○3 the play model was under the control of submarine fan clastic rock gas reservoir.
本文在充分运用前人研究成果的基础上,综合利用地质、测井、野外露头等资料,主要从沉积相、风化壳储层、泥页岩盖层、构造活动等方面对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘地区下古生界奥陶系天然气进行剖析,分析其成藏条件及成藏特征。通过天然气成藏条件的研究,有助于认识天然气的成藏过程和成藏机理,为今后的天然气勘探提供理论依据。
通过沉积相、岩石类型以及地球化学特征等的对比,指出西缘下古生界主要烃源为奥陶系的马家沟组和平凉组,有机质类型为Ⅰ～Ⅱ1型,有机质丰度达到中等级标准,现今演化为过熟干气阶段。研究区下古生界主要的储集体为马家沟组开阔海台地石灰岩和平凉组深水重力流储集体、台地相灰岩、白云岩储集体以及局部地区的海底扇储集体。在研究区下古生界划分出三大类储盖组合:即风化壳储盖组合、内幕型储盖组合以及重力流碎屑岩(海底扇)储盖组合。石炭—二叠系暗色泥岩遍布全区,为区域性盖层,中奥陶统尖灭线以西、以南为平凉组泥岩盖层覆盖区,环县、定北和正宁一带有石炭系泥岩作为直接盖层。研究区下古生界的天然气运移方式应以单相天然气相运移为主,运移通道主要依靠不整合面(上、下古生界不整合面),其次为裂缝。根据天然气成藏要素和它们之间在时空上的匹配关系,西缘天然气成藏组合模式为三类:○1受构造圈闭控制的成藏组合模式②受非构造(岩性、地层、古岩溶)圈闭控制的成藏组合模式③海底扇碎屑岩气藏成藏组合模式。
The western margin of Ordos basin is situated in the northern part of South-North trending structural zone which lies between different tectonic realm of east and west China. It is surrounded by different tectonic units of the north China craton, alxa block, the qingling orogen and qilian orogen. Because of wide and thick Palaeozoic marine facies formation、good hydrocarbon source rocks、reservoir rocks and so on, systematical researched in oil geology conditions of western margin of Ordos basin in lower Paleozoic is conduce to evaluate the gas exploration objects and provide foundations to optimise objects.
Based on making full use of the former research results, author studied in detail the lower Paleozoic Ordovician natural gas in western margin of Ordos Basin, and analyzed reservoir forming conditions and characteristics according to sedimentary facies, weathering crust reservoir, shale cap rock and tectonic activity, by comprehensively utilizing geologic data, log wells, outcrops, etc. Research on reservoir forming conditions contributed to recognize reservoir forming history and mechanism of natural gas, and provided a theoretical basis for future gas prospecting.
Through the correlation between sedimentary facie、rock type and geochemical behavior, Majiagou Formation and Pingliang Formation are the chief source rock in Lower Paleozoic of western margin of Ordos Basin. The evolutionary phase is medium abundance overcure dry gas phase, the kerogen type is I～II1. The limestone of open marine platform in Majiagou Formation and the limestone, the dolomite along with some submarine fan reservoir in Pingliang Formation are the chief reservoir rocks in Lower Paleozoic of western margin of Ordos Basin. Based on the study, classified the reservoir-cap combination in three types, weathering crust reservoir-cap combination, inner structure reservoir-cap combination and gravity flow clasolite (submarine fan) reservoir-cap combination.There was Permo-Carboniferous system dark mudstone found everywhere in study area, that was regional cap rock,the west and south of the middle Ordovician wedge out was Pingliang formation mudstone overlay area,there was Carboniferous mudstone be the baring in Huanxian、Dingbei and.Zhengning.The way of migration in upper-Palaeozoic in study area mainly was monophase gas,migration pathway rely on unconformity surface(unconformity surface between Neopaleozoic and Eopaleozoic ), fractures was the secondly.According to the accumulation factors and their matching relationship in time and space, the play model in western margin of Ordos basin was divide into three types:○1 the play model was under the control of the structural trap○2 the play model was under the control of the non-structured trap(lithology、layer、ancient karst)○3 the play model was under the control of submarine fan clastic rock gas reservoir.
引文
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