缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏主体开发方式研究
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摘要
近年来,随着塔里木盆地缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的有效开采,此类油藏的开发技术已成为国内研究的重点和难点之一。由于缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏极强的非均质性、缝洞本身的多尺度性和连通的多样性,使得此类油藏的开发非常困难,目前国内外还没有形成成熟的开发理论和开发方式。从塔里木盆地已开发的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏来看,开发方式的选择面临着诸多困难,缝洞型储层的非均质性大大影响了采用常规开采方式的采收率,特别是在开采后期需要选择适合的开发方式。因此,对缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发方式的研究是非常必要的。
在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上,得到了缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的油水静态资料、储层特征、主体开发方式,然后对储层参数进行了等效研究,并用数值模拟方法研究了衰竭式开采、单井注水替油的影响因素及开采机理,获得了如下的结论和认识:
1.国内外大多数缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的开发首先都是衰竭式开采,其次转为注水开发,然后考虑注气、热采或水平井等中后期措施。衰竭式开采、注水开发、注气开发是现阶段此类油藏的主体开发方式。
2.缝洞体内缝洞比较发育时,等效渗透率、孔隙度也比较大,但具体等效值的大小受缝洞所占比例的影响。
3.衰竭式开采的能量来源于油藏的天然能量,影响因素主要有单井控制储量、采油速度、原油粘度、地层原始压力。
4.单井注水替油原理主要是重力分异和补充地层能量。其影响因素主要有:注入时机、油层渗透率、注入水量、焖井时间、开井工作制度、地层打开程度。存在最佳的注入时机、注入水量、焖井时间、开井工作制度、地层打开程度。
In recent years,the research of the development of the cavity-fractured reservoir is being one of the focal points and difficult things.The most outstanding problem of fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs is extreme heterogeneity and the various scales of fracture and vuggy fabric and multifold connection.All these made a great number of difficulties in the development of carbonate reservoirs.By now,there is no mature enough method of development of this kind of reservoir home and abroad.Many difficulties of the choice of production methods had been encountered during the development of the cavity-fractured reservoirs of the Tarim Basin.It is very necessary to research the production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.
The material was got based on an extensive investigation of the documents home and abroad,which are the static data of the crude oil and water,the characteristics of the cavity-fractured reservoirs,the main production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.The characteristics of the cavity-fractured reservoirs were studied firstly, then the main production methods were studied by the reservoir numerical simulation. The new research results are as following:
1.The cavity-fractured reservoirs home and abroad are developed by energy of nature firstly,then by water flooding,finally by gas drive,thermal production or horizontal well.Depletion type of drive,water flooding,gas-drive are the main production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.
2.The equivalent porosity and permeability is high in the well-developed fracture and vuggy reservoirs.
3.The energy of depletion type of drive is provided by natural energy,in which the most important influence factors are controlled reserve of the individual well,rate of oil production,viscosity of crude,initial formation pressure.
4.Gravity segregation and adding energy are dominant mechanism of the injecting water to replace crude oil for individual well,in which the most important influence factors are timing of water injection,permeability,injected water volume, the time of shut-in well,working system of open-in well,the perforated degree.There are optimal value in timing of water injection,injected water volume,the time of shut-in well,working system of open-in well,the perforated degree.
在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上,得到了缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的油水静态资料、储层特征、主体开发方式,然后对储层参数进行了等效研究,并用数值模拟方法研究了衰竭式开采、单井注水替油的影响因素及开采机理,获得了如下的结论和认识:
1.国内外大多数缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的开发首先都是衰竭式开采,其次转为注水开发,然后考虑注气、热采或水平井等中后期措施。衰竭式开采、注水开发、注气开发是现阶段此类油藏的主体开发方式。
2.缝洞体内缝洞比较发育时,等效渗透率、孔隙度也比较大,但具体等效值的大小受缝洞所占比例的影响。
3.衰竭式开采的能量来源于油藏的天然能量,影响因素主要有单井控制储量、采油速度、原油粘度、地层原始压力。
4.单井注水替油原理主要是重力分异和补充地层能量。其影响因素主要有:注入时机、油层渗透率、注入水量、焖井时间、开井工作制度、地层打开程度。存在最佳的注入时机、注入水量、焖井时间、开井工作制度、地层打开程度。
In recent years,the research of the development of the cavity-fractured reservoir is being one of the focal points and difficult things.The most outstanding problem of fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs is extreme heterogeneity and the various scales of fracture and vuggy fabric and multifold connection.All these made a great number of difficulties in the development of carbonate reservoirs.By now,there is no mature enough method of development of this kind of reservoir home and abroad.Many difficulties of the choice of production methods had been encountered during the development of the cavity-fractured reservoirs of the Tarim Basin.It is very necessary to research the production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.
The material was got based on an extensive investigation of the documents home and abroad,which are the static data of the crude oil and water,the characteristics of the cavity-fractured reservoirs,the main production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.The characteristics of the cavity-fractured reservoirs were studied firstly, then the main production methods were studied by the reservoir numerical simulation. The new research results are as following:
1.The cavity-fractured reservoirs home and abroad are developed by energy of nature firstly,then by water flooding,finally by gas drive,thermal production or horizontal well.Depletion type of drive,water flooding,gas-drive are the main production methods of the cavity-fractured reservoirs.
2.The equivalent porosity and permeability is high in the well-developed fracture and vuggy reservoirs.
3.The energy of depletion type of drive is provided by natural energy,in which the most important influence factors are controlled reserve of the individual well,rate of oil production,viscosity of crude,initial formation pressure.
4.Gravity segregation and adding energy are dominant mechanism of the injecting water to replace crude oil for individual well,in which the most important influence factors are timing of water injection,permeability,injected water volume, the time of shut-in well,working system of open-in well,the perforated degree.There are optimal value in timing of water injection,injected water volume,the time of shut-in well,working system of open-in well,the perforated degree.
引文
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[2]ALSHARHAN A S,NAIRN A E M.Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier Science.1997:1-942.
[3]江怀友,宋新民,王元基,等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望[J].海洋石油,2008,28(4):6-13.
[4]焦方正,窦之林,等.塔河碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发研究与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.
[5]宋文杰,江同文.塔里木盆地油气勘探开发进展与西气东输资源保障[J].天然气工业,2008,28(10):1-4.
[6]陈清华,刘池阳,王书香,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统研究现状与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):196-201.
[7]N.O.布罗德,耶列明科.H.A(著).马万钧(译).石油及天然气地质学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1958.
[8]柏松章等著.碳酸盐岩潜山油藏开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.
[9]周兴熙.初论碳酸盐岩网络状油气藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(3):5-8.
[10]徐国盛,李国蓉,王志雄.济阳坳陷下古生界潜山储集体特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):248-251.
[11]赵宗举.海相碳酸盐岩储集层类型、成藏模式及勘探思路[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):692-703.
[12](苏)M.J.苏尔古乔夫等(著).陈宝来,黎发文(译).碳酸盐岩油藏的开采[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.
[13]吕爱民.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏油藏工程方法研究[D].东营:中国石油大学博士论文,2007.
[14]刘明新,廖广志,尚尔杰,等.缝洞型岩溶碳酸盐岩油藏开发实例及论文汇 编[Z].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院、中国石油勘探与生产分公司,2008.
[15]金佩强.美国碳酸盐岩油藏EOR矿场经验[J].中外科技情报,2007,(1):4-27.
[16]E.J.Manrique,V.E.Muci,M.E.Gurfinkel.EOR Field Experiences in Carbonate Reservoirs in the United States[J].SPE 100063,2006.
[17]#12
[18]Warren.J.E,Root,P.J.The behavior of naturally fracture reservoir[J].SPE426,1963.
[19]王瑞河.双重介质拟组分模型[J].石油学报,1991,12(3):45-48.
[20]尹定.全隐式三维三相裂缝黑油模型[J].石油学报,1992,13(1):55-59.
[21]杨仓虎,冯文光,龚久和.裂缝性气藏三维二相全隐式数值模拟与底水锥进分析[J].天然气工业,1995,15(2):28-33.
[22]韩岗.碳酸盐岩油藏开发机理研究[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院硕士论文,1999.
[23]Michael F.Lough,Seong H.Lee and Jairam Kamath.A New Method To Calculate Effective Permeability of Gridblocks Used in the Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE36730,1996.
[24]Lingli Wei,Jerry Hadwin and Keith Rawnsley ect.Discriminating Fracture Patterns in Fractured Reservoirs by Pressure Transient Tests[J].SPE49233,1998.
[25]S.H.Lee,L.J.Durlofsky and M.F.Lough etc.Finite Difference Simulation of Geologically Complex Reservoirs With Tensor Permeabilities[J].SPE52637,1997.
[26]Y.C.Park and W.M.Sung.Development of FEM Reservoirs Model Equipped with Effective Permeability Tensor and Its Application to Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE64793,2000.
[27]J.Kamath,S.H.Lee,C.L.Jensen etc.Modeling Fluid Flow in Complex Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE39547,1998.
[28]Gurpinar,C.A.Kossack.Realistic Numerical Models for Fractured Reservoirs[J].SPE59041,2000.
[29]彭小龙.裂缝-溶洞多重介质组分模型研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油学院博士论文,2002.
[30]李勇明.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏酸压基础模型研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油学院博士论文,2003.
[31]李炼民.轮古桑南西碳酸盐岩油藏开采机理研究[D].成都:西南石油学院硕士论文,2004.
[32]杨坚.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞单元数值模拟理论与方法研究[D].东营:中国石油大学博士论文,2006.
[33]刘学利,彭小龙,杜志敏.缝洞双重介质数值模型及渗流特征研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,3l(1):61-64.
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