“三软”易燃厚煤层自然火灾综合防治技术研究
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摘要
中国煤炭产量和消费量均居世界首位,占国内一次能源生产和消费总量的75%左右。而中国煤炭自燃现象却比较严重,其中“三软”易燃厚煤层自燃更是极大地制约着矿井高产高效、安全生产与科学发展的实现,并造成严重的资源浪费、环境污染、人员伤亡和财产损失。因此,开展易燃煤层自燃火灾防治技术研究,是搞好我国煤矿安全生产工作中一项意义重大、影响深远的基础性工作。
本文在综述和分析了国内外有关煤层自燃火灾早期预测、预报及煤层自燃火灾治理技术的基础之上,着重分析了“三软”煤层开采过程中的自燃影响因素及其发火特点,并紧紧围绕具有典型“三软”特性的宝鸡某煤矿综放面防灭火工作的实际情况,对“三软”综放面自燃火灾防治技术进行了研究探讨。通过分析影响“三软”煤层自燃的因素,掌握了“三软”煤层自燃全过程中基本参数的变化规律,提出了以煤自燃指标气体和煤体温度监测为主的“三软”煤层自燃火灾预防的预测预报技术;根据对该煤矿N101综放面自燃火灾实例的分析与治理,研究、总结出了适用于“三软”综放面火灾的综合防治体系,即以早期预报为先导,凝胶防灭火技术为主,氮气防灭火技术、均压防灭火技术、三项泡沫防灭火技术等综合手段相结合的“三软”煤层自燃火灾防治技术体系。综合防治技术研究不仅治理了该矿N101综放面自燃火灾,而且成功地撤出了被封闭数月之久的价值1000万余元的48套液压支架和相关综采设备,保障了该煤矿生产的正常接续。
该论文的研究对我国煤层自燃火灾综合防治,尤其是对“三软”易燃煤层自燃火灾防治具有一定的借鉴意义。
With the largest production and consumption in the world, Coal takes a proportion of 75% in the production and consumption of Chinese domestic primary energy sources. However, the phenomenon of the spontaneous combustion of coal is so serious that it has hampered the production safety of highly yielding and efficient mines, and eventually leads into enormous waste of resources, pollution of environment, as well as the loss of personnel and wealth.
Based on the early prediction and forecasting of the spontaneous combustion of coal, and the technology to control the fire, this paper mainly analyzes the factors which finally contribute to spontaneous combustion during the three-soft coal mining. The characteristic of the fire are analyzed too. Focusing on the actual situation of fire extinction on the mechanized caving face in a Coal, which located in Baoji City and has a typical characteristic of three-soft, this paper tried to study the technology to control spontaneous combustion on mechanized caving faces in three-soft coal mines.
By analyzing the factors contribute to the spontaneous combustion of three-soft coal, the rules how related basic parameter change are found out, and a forecasting technology to predict the fire caused by spontaneous combustion of three-soft coal is put forward, which centers on coal spontaneous combustion index gas and temperature of coal body. On the basis of successful control of spontaneous combustion at N101 mechanized caving face in the Coal, a comprehensive controlling system is found out as well, a system combining early forecasting, gel fire-preventing technology.Nitrogen fire-preventing technology, balanced pressure fire-preventing technology, foam fire-preventing technology and some other comprehensive technology and methods, which is quiet fit for three-soft mechanized caving faces to avoid a fire. With such system applied, not only did successfully control the fire caused by spontaneous combustion at N101 mechanized caving face, but 48 sets of supporting stand and some other mining equipments are also saved, which worth more than RMB 100,000,000, and thus ensuring a smooth proceeding in the future production.
The studies in this paper are quite helpful to the prevention and controlling of the fire caused by spontaneous combustion at mechanized caving faces in coal mine.
本文在综述和分析了国内外有关煤层自燃火灾早期预测、预报及煤层自燃火灾治理技术的基础之上,着重分析了“三软”煤层开采过程中的自燃影响因素及其发火特点,并紧紧围绕具有典型“三软”特性的宝鸡某煤矿综放面防灭火工作的实际情况,对“三软”综放面自燃火灾防治技术进行了研究探讨。通过分析影响“三软”煤层自燃的因素,掌握了“三软”煤层自燃全过程中基本参数的变化规律,提出了以煤自燃指标气体和煤体温度监测为主的“三软”煤层自燃火灾预防的预测预报技术;根据对该煤矿N101综放面自燃火灾实例的分析与治理,研究、总结出了适用于“三软”综放面火灾的综合防治体系,即以早期预报为先导,凝胶防灭火技术为主,氮气防灭火技术、均压防灭火技术、三项泡沫防灭火技术等综合手段相结合的“三软”煤层自燃火灾防治技术体系。综合防治技术研究不仅治理了该矿N101综放面自燃火灾,而且成功地撤出了被封闭数月之久的价值1000万余元的48套液压支架和相关综采设备,保障了该煤矿生产的正常接续。
该论文的研究对我国煤层自燃火灾综合防治,尤其是对“三软”易燃煤层自燃火灾防治具有一定的借鉴意义。
With the largest production and consumption in the world, Coal takes a proportion of 75% in the production and consumption of Chinese domestic primary energy sources. However, the phenomenon of the spontaneous combustion of coal is so serious that it has hampered the production safety of highly yielding and efficient mines, and eventually leads into enormous waste of resources, pollution of environment, as well as the loss of personnel and wealth.
Based on the early prediction and forecasting of the spontaneous combustion of coal, and the technology to control the fire, this paper mainly analyzes the factors which finally contribute to spontaneous combustion during the three-soft coal mining. The characteristic of the fire are analyzed too. Focusing on the actual situation of fire extinction on the mechanized caving face in a Coal, which located in Baoji City and has a typical characteristic of three-soft, this paper tried to study the technology to control spontaneous combustion on mechanized caving faces in three-soft coal mines.
By analyzing the factors contribute to the spontaneous combustion of three-soft coal, the rules how related basic parameter change are found out, and a forecasting technology to predict the fire caused by spontaneous combustion of three-soft coal is put forward, which centers on coal spontaneous combustion index gas and temperature of coal body. On the basis of successful control of spontaneous combustion at N101 mechanized caving face in the Coal, a comprehensive controlling system is found out as well, a system combining early forecasting, gel fire-preventing technology.Nitrogen fire-preventing technology, balanced pressure fire-preventing technology, foam fire-preventing technology and some other comprehensive technology and methods, which is quiet fit for three-soft mechanized caving faces to avoid a fire. With such system applied, not only did successfully control the fire caused by spontaneous combustion at N101 mechanized caving face, but 48 sets of supporting stand and some other mining equipments are also saved, which worth more than RMB 100,000,000, and thus ensuring a smooth proceeding in the future production.
The studies in this paper are quite helpful to the prevention and controlling of the fire caused by spontaneous combustion at mechanized caving faces in coal mine.
引文
[1]戚颖敏,我国煤矿火灾防治技术的现代发展与应用,煤炭技术,1999,8(2)
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[3]查哈罗夫·EИ.煤炭自燃的化学活性鉴定[J].工业劳动安全1998,(7),38～39
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[5]Smiht A.C.,Lazzara C.P. Inhibition of Spontaneous combustion of coal,Report of investigation–Unites States.Bureau of mines,Pittsburgh,PA,USA 1988:41.1～41.4]
[6]Feng K.K. Spontaneous combustion of Canadian coals.CIM Bulltin.1985,78(5):71～75
[7]S.C.Banerjee,spontaneous combustion of coal and mine fires[R],Balkema,Rotterdam, 1985,166
[8]J.C.Jones,Calculation of the Frank-Kamenetskii critical parameter for cubic reactant shape from experimental results on bituminous coals,Fuel,1999(78),89～91
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[10]Clemens,A.H.,Matheson,T.W.,Rogers,D.E.,1990.DTA studies of the Low temperature oxisation of the low rank coals.Fuel 69,255~256
[11]Clemens,A.H.,Matheson,T.W.,Rogers,D.E.,1991.Low temperature oxisation studies of dried new Zealand coals.Fuel 70,215~221
[12]J.B.Stott and X.D.Cheng,Measure the tendence of coal to fire spontaneously.Colliery Guardian,1992,240(1),9~16
[13]X.D.ChengJ.and Stott a,Oxidation rate of coals as measure from one-dimensional spontaneous heating,Combustion and Flame,1997(109),578~586
[14]Arief A.S.&Gillies A.D.S.,A practical test of coal spontaneous combustion combustion. In Proceedding of the AusIMM Annual conference,Newcastle,Melbourne,Australia:The Austanlasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1995,111~114
[15]Smith,A.C.,Miron,Y.,Lazzara,CP.,Large-scale studies on spontaneous combustion of coal[R].US Bureau of Mines,Report of Investigation,1991,RI9346
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[18]邓军,等.鲍店矿煤样自燃特性实验研究.湘潭矿业学院学报,1998,8
[19]李仁发,沈洪远,年晓红.基于物理仿真的煤炭自然发火研究.系统仿真学报,2001,13(2):231~233
[20]张国枢,戴广龙,王卫平.煤炭自燃模拟实验装置设计与研制.淮南工业学院学报,1999,19(4):11~13
[21]陈立文.煤层自燃危险程度识别的研究.煤炭工程师,1992,(5),48~57
[22]许波云,范明训.运用模糊聚类分析法综合预测煤层自燃危险性.煤炭学报,1990,(4),9~14
[23]郭嗣琮,孙树江.煤炭自燃的模糊分类与识别.阜新矿业学院学报,1995,14(1):1~5
[24]蒋军成,王省身.开采煤层自燃危险性预测的人工神经网络方法.中国矿业大学学报,1997,26(1):19~22
[25]王德明,王俊.基于无导师神经网络的煤炭自燃危险性聚类分析.煤炭学报,1999,24(2):147~150
[26]赵向军,等.开采煤层自燃倾向性的自组织神经网络预测,西安矿业学院学报,1998,18(4):304~307,331
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[28]施式亮,刘宝琛.基于人工神经网络的矿井自然发火预测模型及应用.西安矿业学院学报,1999,19(2):121~124
[29]田水承,李红霞.煤层开采自燃危险性预先分析研究.西安矿业学院学报,1998,18(1):17~22
[30]齐庆杰,黄伯轩.用计算机模拟法判断采空区自然发火位置.煤炭工程师,1997,(5):7~9
[32]邓军等.综放面采空区自燃危险区域判定技术研究,淮南矿业学院学报,2000,10
[33]罗的光.遥感科学进展.北京:科学出版社,1995
[34]高克德,地质雷探测采空区隐蔽火源,煤炭学报,1997
[35]薛顺勋,聂光国等.软岩巷道支护技术指南.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[36]徐志英.岩石力学.北京:水利电力出版社,1989
[37]李春玉,张海戈,王志勤等.三软煤层放顶煤的矿压特点及液压支架的设计和实践.中国煤炭,1995(6):28~32
[38]文虎,徐精彩,薛韩玲,等.煤自燃氧化放热效应的影响因素分析.煤炭转化.2001,24(4)
[39]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.2006
[40]兖州矿业集团,煤层自燃早期预报技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[41]徐精彩,文虎,张辛亥,等.综放面采空区遗煤自燃危险区域判定方法.中国科技大学学报,2002,32(6):672~677
[42]Fubao Zhou, Wanxing Ren, Deming Wang, Tiliang Song, Xiang Li, Yuliang Zhang.Application of three-phase foam to fight an extraordinarily serious coal mine fire.International Journal of Coal Geology, Volume 67, Issues 1-2, 3 May 2006, Pages 95-100
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[51]姜凤林.高瓦斯易自燃采煤工作面封闭注氮防火与启封技术实践.煤矿安全.2007,(10):30～32
[52]田水承,李东新,徐精彩.煤自燃环境及影响因素.西安矿业学院学报.1994,2
[53]田水承,李红霞.煤层开采自燃危险性预先分析研究.西安矿业学院学报.1998,18(1)
[2]邓军等.国内外煤炭自然发火预测预报技术综述,西安矿业学院学报,1999,12
[3]查哈罗夫·EИ.煤炭自燃的化学活性鉴定[J].工业劳动安全1998,(7),38～39
[4]戚颖敏等.煤吸附流态氧的燃烧特性及在矿井火灾预测中的应用,煤矿安全,1994,9~11
[5]Smiht A.C.,Lazzara C.P. Inhibition of Spontaneous combustion of coal,Report of investigation–Unites States.Bureau of mines,Pittsburgh,PA,USA 1988:41.1～41.4]
[6]Feng K.K. Spontaneous combustion of Canadian coals.CIM Bulltin.1985,78(5):71～75
[7]S.C.Banerjee,spontaneous combustion of coal and mine fires[R],Balkema,Rotterdam, 1985,166
[8]J.C.Jones,Calculation of the Frank-Kamenetskii critical parameter for cubic reactant shape from experimental results on bituminous coals,Fuel,1999(78),89～91
[9]Gouws M.J.,Gibbon G.J.,wade L.,Phillps H.R Adiabatic apparatus to establish the spontaneous combustion propensity of coal.Mining science & technology 1991,13(3):417～422
[10]Clemens,A.H.,Matheson,T.W.,Rogers,D.E.,1990.DTA studies of the Low temperature oxisation of the low rank coals.Fuel 69,255~256
[11]Clemens,A.H.,Matheson,T.W.,Rogers,D.E.,1991.Low temperature oxisation studies of dried new Zealand coals.Fuel 70,215~221
[12]J.B.Stott and X.D.Cheng,Measure the tendence of coal to fire spontaneously.Colliery Guardian,1992,240(1),9~16
[13]X.D.ChengJ.and Stott a,Oxidation rate of coals as measure from one-dimensional spontaneous heating,Combustion and Flame,1997(109),578~586
[14]Arief A.S.&Gillies A.D.S.,A practical test of coal spontaneous combustion combustion. In Proceedding of the AusIMM Annual conference,Newcastle,Melbourne,Australia:The Austanlasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1995,111~114
[15]Smith,A.C.,Miron,Y.,Lazzara,CP.,Large-scale studies on spontaneous combustion of coal[R].US Bureau of Mines,Report of Investigation,1991,RI9346
[16]Lazzara Charles P.Overview of U.S.Bureau of Mines Spontaneous Combustion Research[A].Session Papers American Mining Congress Coal Convention.Pulbby American Mining congress,Washington,D.C.,U.S.A.,1991,143~154
[17]Cliiff,D.,Davis,R.,Bennet,A.,Galvin,G.,&Clarkson,F.,Large scale laboratory testing of the spontaneous combustibility of Australia coals.In Queensland Mining Industry Health & Safety conferenc,1998,Yeppoon.175～179.Bresbance,Australia:Queensland mining council.
[18]邓军,等.鲍店矿煤样自燃特性实验研究.湘潭矿业学院学报,1998,8
[19]李仁发,沈洪远,年晓红.基于物理仿真的煤炭自然发火研究.系统仿真学报,2001,13(2):231~233
[20]张国枢,戴广龙,王卫平.煤炭自燃模拟实验装置设计与研制.淮南工业学院学报,1999,19(4):11~13
[21]陈立文.煤层自燃危险程度识别的研究.煤炭工程师,1992,(5),48~57
[22]许波云,范明训.运用模糊聚类分析法综合预测煤层自燃危险性.煤炭学报,1990,(4),9~14
[23]郭嗣琮,孙树江.煤炭自燃的模糊分类与识别.阜新矿业学院学报,1995,14(1):1~5
[24]蒋军成,王省身.开采煤层自燃危险性预测的人工神经网络方法.中国矿业大学学报,1997,26(1):19~22
[25]王德明,王俊.基于无导师神经网络的煤炭自燃危险性聚类分析.煤炭学报,1999,24(2):147~150
[26]赵向军,等.开采煤层自燃倾向性的自组织神经网络预测,西安矿业学院学报,1998,18(4):304~307,331
[27]赵向军,李文平.神经网络在开采煤层自燃危险性中的应用.中国矿业,1999,8(1):84~86
[28]施式亮,刘宝琛.基于人工神经网络的矿井自然发火预测模型及应用.西安矿业学院学报,1999,19(2):121~124
[29]田水承,李红霞.煤层开采自燃危险性预先分析研究.西安矿业学院学报,1998,18(1):17~22
[30]齐庆杰,黄伯轩.用计算机模拟法判断采空区自然发火位置.煤炭工程师,1997,(5):7~9
[32]邓军等.综放面采空区自燃危险区域判定技术研究,淮南矿业学院学报,2000,10
[33]罗的光.遥感科学进展.北京:科学出版社,1995
[34]高克德,地质雷探测采空区隐蔽火源,煤炭学报,1997
[35]薛顺勋,聂光国等.软岩巷道支护技术指南.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[36]徐志英.岩石力学.北京:水利电力出版社,1989
[37]李春玉,张海戈,王志勤等.三软煤层放顶煤的矿压特点及液压支架的设计和实践.中国煤炭,1995(6):28~32
[38]文虎,徐精彩,薛韩玲,等.煤自燃氧化放热效应的影响因素分析.煤炭转化.2001,24(4)
[39]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.2006
[40]兖州矿业集团,煤层自燃早期预报技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
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