几种统计分析方法在化探数据处理中的应用
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摘要
“地球化学基本原理”以及“统计学思想(方法)”可谓勘查地球化学的两大精髓。在MATLAB平台下,通过对一系列算法程序的自主设计与调试,验证并延拓了多种统计学思想在勘查地球化学中的应用,初步实现了针对桐村矿床以及浙西地区(即以两套化探数据体系为模板)深层次地学信息的提取,高精度预测模型的建立,及其地球化学特征的深入解释与评价。
实验结果确立了Mo元素(Cu次之)于矿区与区域中在矿化强度、效率和广度上的主导地位,同时建立以EEI-EII-ESI(3E模型)为核心的成矿元素(Cu-W-Pb-Zn-Sn)富集特性评测或成矿预测模型；“向前”延伸,探讨简单分形模型的数字特征,如T1-2、D2-3值、Hurst指数等,并圈定出成矿元素的区域浓集(异常)分带等；再“向前”延伸,根据对混合总体筛分模型的考量与分析,提出初始总体与叠加(成因)总体的划分准则及其在刻画区域元素地球化学行为中的作用；仍“向前”延伸,剖析矿化元素在“质”和“量”上的有序存在,即空间异常及变异性,并考察其在无标度区间上的分解模式。这里所谓“向前”指的是统计阶矩的依次降低。
总之,本文是以桐村矿床与浙西地区的成矿地质背景为依据,结合元素地球化学知识,研究统计学方法在勘查地球化学中的应用,采用综合与分析方法,实现从不同角度刻画并归纳观测元素在富集行为上的特征形态,结果有如：针对区域,界定出初始和叠加(成因)总体,并考察其有利于成矿的特性,确立“待定系数法”在圈定异常范围中的应用。总体上,Sn、Mo、Cu等在异常的潜力、强度、范围等方面都可占据优势,V、Pb、Zn、U、Au、W等可在局域成矿,但主要是以伴生元素或矿化点形式赋存。对于矿床,Cu>W>Mo在空间上(第一、二无标度区内或总体观测值)变异水平的降低,暗示矿化形态(程度)的依次有序或富集,但其它元素恰好相反；在第一、二无标度区间内,成矿元素的异常行为具有相似的演化趋势,而变异性呈不规则分离；另外,给出相应的轴向分带序列为：Hg-Sb-Zn-Bi-Au-Pb-Ag-U-W-Mo-As-S-Cu-Mn-Sn,可能存在独立于Mo矿化之外的一次岩浆热液(矿化)过程,并以Cu矿化为主,这一“轴向分带”乃是各期次成矿作用所形成的独立分带序列之空间统一
"Geochemical principle" and "statistical methods" are considered as the essence of exploration geochemistry. It is easy to test or extend the application of statistical ideas in exploration geochemistry based on the MATLAB platform, by virtue of a series of independent algorithms or program designs. Finally, this paper has availably realized the extraction of metallogenetic information, precision prediction model, and geochemical characteristics in both Tongcun Mo-Cu deposits and Zhexi region.
Experimental results have established the Mo's metallogenetic predominance in both orefield and region (Cu next).Simultaneously, the 3E (EEI-EII-ESI) model for assessment of elemental enrichment feature or metallogenic prediction has been set up. Forward considerations, this paper has discussed the numeral characters of some simple fractal models as T1-2, D2-3,Hurst, etc, and delineated the scope of regional anomaly. Forward again, on a basis of the screening model of mixed massing, division rule of the original-overlying massing is proposed, which is a valuable criterion of the elemental geochemical behaviours in this region. Forward still, through lower order statistics, the ordered existences of chemical elements both in different forms and amounts have also been studied, namely the spacial anomaly and variability, then their decomposition modes within various non-scale ranges.Herein, "Forward"stands for a decline of the moment of n-th order.
Anyhow, according to the geological setting of Tongcun deposits and Zhexi area, also the knowledge of element geochemistry, according to the integrative and decomposed methods, finally this paper has achieved the quantitative description of elemental enrichment characteristics from various points of view and believes that:
1,As to the region, discussing the application of method of undetermined coefficients in delineating geochemical anomalies, and the demarcation rule of original sample and late superimposed one, so do their properties favorable for the concentration and mineralization. Generally, Sn、Mo、Cu and etc dominating in the potential、intensity and scope of metallogenetic anomaly, while V、Pb、Zn、U、Au、W only in some limited regions, performing as the associated elements or some small-scale ores.
2,As to the deposit, the reducing of variability Cu>W>Mo may correspond to increasing in turn of the degree of order, others just doing the reverse, within both the non-scale range 1 & 2, where such 2 series of anomaly evolutionary process keeping the same, while the variability sequences separating irregularly. Besides,the axial zoning sequence appears as:Hg-Sb-Zn-Bi-Au-Pb-Ag-U-W-Mo-As-S-Cu-Mn-Sn,it is possible that an independently and Cu-enriching geological process relative to Mo, so this sequence ought to be the the unity of several independent sequences caused by the multistage metallogenesis which maybe characterized by nature of the hydrothermal solution and its invasion place.
实验结果确立了Mo元素(Cu次之)于矿区与区域中在矿化强度、效率和广度上的主导地位,同时建立以EEI-EII-ESI(3E模型)为核心的成矿元素(Cu-W-Pb-Zn-Sn)富集特性评测或成矿预测模型；“向前”延伸,探讨简单分形模型的数字特征,如T1-2、D2-3值、Hurst指数等,并圈定出成矿元素的区域浓集(异常)分带等；再“向前”延伸,根据对混合总体筛分模型的考量与分析,提出初始总体与叠加(成因)总体的划分准则及其在刻画区域元素地球化学行为中的作用；仍“向前”延伸,剖析矿化元素在“质”和“量”上的有序存在,即空间异常及变异性,并考察其在无标度区间上的分解模式。这里所谓“向前”指的是统计阶矩的依次降低。
总之,本文是以桐村矿床与浙西地区的成矿地质背景为依据,结合元素地球化学知识,研究统计学方法在勘查地球化学中的应用,采用综合与分析方法,实现从不同角度刻画并归纳观测元素在富集行为上的特征形态,结果有如：针对区域,界定出初始和叠加(成因)总体,并考察其有利于成矿的特性,确立“待定系数法”在圈定异常范围中的应用。总体上,Sn、Mo、Cu等在异常的潜力、强度、范围等方面都可占据优势,V、Pb、Zn、U、Au、W等可在局域成矿,但主要是以伴生元素或矿化点形式赋存。对于矿床,Cu>W>Mo在空间上(第一、二无标度区内或总体观测值)变异水平的降低,暗示矿化形态(程度)的依次有序或富集,但其它元素恰好相反；在第一、二无标度区间内,成矿元素的异常行为具有相似的演化趋势,而变异性呈不规则分离；另外,给出相应的轴向分带序列为：Hg-Sb-Zn-Bi-Au-Pb-Ag-U-W-Mo-As-S-Cu-Mn-Sn,可能存在独立于Mo矿化之外的一次岩浆热液(矿化)过程,并以Cu矿化为主,这一“轴向分带”乃是各期次成矿作用所形成的独立分带序列之空间统一
"Geochemical principle" and "statistical methods" are considered as the essence of exploration geochemistry. It is easy to test or extend the application of statistical ideas in exploration geochemistry based on the MATLAB platform, by virtue of a series of independent algorithms or program designs. Finally, this paper has availably realized the extraction of metallogenetic information, precision prediction model, and geochemical characteristics in both Tongcun Mo-Cu deposits and Zhexi region.
Experimental results have established the Mo's metallogenetic predominance in both orefield and region (Cu next).Simultaneously, the 3E (EEI-EII-ESI) model for assessment of elemental enrichment feature or metallogenic prediction has been set up. Forward considerations, this paper has discussed the numeral characters of some simple fractal models as T1-2, D2-3,Hurst, etc, and delineated the scope of regional anomaly. Forward again, on a basis of the screening model of mixed massing, division rule of the original-overlying massing is proposed, which is a valuable criterion of the elemental geochemical behaviours in this region. Forward still, through lower order statistics, the ordered existences of chemical elements both in different forms and amounts have also been studied, namely the spacial anomaly and variability, then their decomposition modes within various non-scale ranges.Herein, "Forward"stands for a decline of the moment of n-th order.
Anyhow, according to the geological setting of Tongcun deposits and Zhexi area, also the knowledge of element geochemistry, according to the integrative and decomposed methods, finally this paper has achieved the quantitative description of elemental enrichment characteristics from various points of view and believes that:
1,As to the region, discussing the application of method of undetermined coefficients in delineating geochemical anomalies, and the demarcation rule of original sample and late superimposed one, so do their properties favorable for the concentration and mineralization. Generally, Sn、Mo、Cu and etc dominating in the potential、intensity and scope of metallogenetic anomaly, while V、Pb、Zn、U、Au、W only in some limited regions, performing as the associated elements or some small-scale ores.
2,As to the deposit, the reducing of variability Cu>W>Mo may correspond to increasing in turn of the degree of order, others just doing the reverse, within both the non-scale range 1 & 2, where such 2 series of anomaly evolutionary process keeping the same, while the variability sequences separating irregularly. Besides,the axial zoning sequence appears as:Hg-Sb-Zn-Bi-Au-Pb-Ag-U-W-Mo-As-S-Cu-Mn-Sn,it is possible that an independently and Cu-enriching geological process relative to Mo, so this sequence ought to be the the unity of several independent sequences caused by the multistage metallogenesis which maybe characterized by nature of the hydrothermal solution and its invasion place.
引文
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Cheng Q. Multif ractality and spatial statistics [J].Computers & Geosciences,1999, (25):949～ 961
Cheng Q. Multifractal imaging filtering and decomposition methods in space, fourier frequency, and egien domains [J].Non-Linear Processes in Geophysics,2007,(14):293～303
Cheng Q. Discrete multif ractals [J].Mathematical Geology,1997, (29):245～266 Claude J. Allegre, Eric Lewin. Scaling laws and geochemical distributions [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1995,132:1～13
Galuszka, A.,2007.A Review of Geochemical Background Concepts and an Example Using Data from Poland. Environmental Geology,52(5):861-870
Mario A.T. Figueiredo,2002. Unsupervised Learning of Finite Mixture Models. IEEE Transactions On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,24(3):381～396
MacQueen, J. B.,1967.Some Methods for Classification and Analysis of Multivariate Observations. Proceedings of 5-th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. University of California Press, Berkeley.281-297
Monecke, Thomas; Monecke, Jochen.,etc.Truncated fractal frequency distribution of element abundance data:A dynamic model for the metasomatic enrichment of base and precious metals[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters.2005,232(03-04):363～378
Tukey, J. W.,1997. Exploratory Data Analysis, Reading.Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Massachusetts
Xie,S.,Bao, Z.,2004. Fractal and Multifractal Properties of Geochemical Fields. Mathematical Geology,36(7):847-864
Xie, S.,Cheng, Q.,Chen, G.,et al.,2007a. Application of Local Singularity in Prospecting Oil/Gas Potential Targets. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics,14:285-294
Xie Shuyun, Cheng Qiuming, Ke Xianzhong, et al. Identification of Geochemical Anomaly by Multifractal Analysis[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences,2008,19(04):334～342
Zhang, L. P.,Bai, G. P.,Zhao, K. B.,et al.,2006. Restudy of Acid-Extractable Hydrocarbon Data from Surface Geochemical Survey in the Yimeng Uplift of the Ordos Basin, China: Improvement of Geochemical Prospecting for Hydrocarbons. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23(5):529-542
陈春仔,金友渔.分形理论在成矿预测中的应用[J].矿产与地质,1997,4(11)：1～275
成秋明.多维分形理论和地球化学元素分布规律[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2000,25(03)：311～317
成秋明.成矿过程奇异性与矿产预测定量化的新理论与新方法[J].地学前缘,2007,14(05)：42～53
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