颗粒生物填料除污染性能的应用对比研究
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摘要
本文致力于颗粒生物填料及颗粒床反应器除污染机理与应用对比研究。在全面总结了各类颗粒填料及其适用的各类颗粒床反应器特性的基础上,采用高效挂膜轻质生物陶粒与Hat Creek煤载体两种价格低廉、性能独特的新型颗粒生物填料,结合滴滤床、固定床、流化床等典型颗粒填料生物反应器,分别进行了贫营养、富营养、高营养条件下,对废气、废水除污染性能的应用对比研究。研究表明,本文研究的两种颗粒生物填料各自具有优良特性,均可按照其性能特点加以选择,而作为颗粒床反应器理想的载体填料,能有效地对污染物进行去除。
高效挂膜轻质生物陶粒为惰性材料经人工烧结而成的多孔性颗粒填料,由于其密度等理化性能可在烧结工艺过程中调整,因此尤其适用于作为流化床与固定床填料。由于其比表面极大、微孔结构丰富,因此容易固着丰富的生物相,在营养不成为限定因素的运行条件下,载体挂膜性能及除染物能力均比Hat Creek煤载体更优;由于其轻质高强、粒径均匀、形状规则及表面性能优越等特点,可以作为生物流化床及淹没式固定生物滤床的优选载体填料,用于对有机废水处理,可对CODCr、氨氮等均取得较Hat Creek煤更好的去除效果;而在贫营养条件下的低滤床反应器对废气与低浓度污水的处理中,则处理效果不如Creek煤载体。
Hat Creek煤为自然界天然形成,其颗粒填料形状不规则、粒径不均匀,并具有在贫营养条件下可为微生物生长提供少量营养物质的理化特性,可用作固定床与滴滤床的生物载体填料,尤其适用于贫营养条件下作为滴滤床填料。由于其独特的理化特性,在营养成为限定因素的运行条件下,载体仍然可以正常挂膜并形成除污染能力;用作滴滤床填料处理有机气体,在低容积负荷的条件下,可不需另加营养液即可达到较好的去除效果;Hat Creek煤滴滤床在较低的污水浓度下运行也比陶粒滤床更有优势;而作为淹没式固定生物滤床的填料处理污水时,其硝化效果、滤床压力变化等各方面性能指标均低于高效挂膜轻质生物陶粒;Hat Creek煤比重较大,形状与尺度均不规则,流化能耗较高,因而不适宜作为流化床反应器的载体。
本试验研究也对两种颗粒生物填料在各种反应器的应用取得了有价值的试验数据研究结果,有助于推动我国颗粒床生物反应器的研究与应用。
The thesis focuses on the comparative study of the practical application of theirremoving performances of two improved bio-packings. Based on the comprehensivecharacterization and generalization of the various particle carriers along with theirapplicable reactors, it is the first time to use the two new carriers for the comparativestudy on their removing performances for waste gas and wastewater under theexperimental condition of poor nutrition, rich nutrition as well as high nutrition,associated with trickling filter, stable bed and fluidized bed. Both of the two carriersare characteristic of low cost and special performance. The results indicate that boththem present quality characters and both can be selected as ideal biological carriersfor particular reactors according to their each performances and characters, which canremove organic pollutants effectively.
High efficient Biological ceramics characteristic of lightweight and biofil-hanging areporous particular packings made of inert materials after manual sintering. Because ofthe density and other physicochemical properties which can be adjusted during theperiod of manual sintering, bio-ceramics are especially suited to be as carriers forfixed bed and fluidised bed. Compared to Hat Creek Coals, microorgnisms are easilyfixed to the surface of bio-ceramics because of their larger surfaces and abundantmicropores, which resulting into the better characters in terms of the ability ofremoving pollutants and the property of biofilm fixation in the case of nutritionsupplied unlimitedly;Moreover, with the characteristics of lightweight and highstrength, average particle size, regular shape, surface property superiority and thekind , bio-ceramics can be used as preferred carriers biological in the fluidided bedand submerged fixed bed used for treating organic wastewater, in which the removalrate of CODCr and Nitrogen is better that Hat creek coals bio-reactor;However, thetreatment efficiency is not as ideal as Hat Creek coal carriers in trickling filter usedfor the treatment of waste gas and low concentration wastewater in the runningcondition of poor nutrition .
Hat Creek coal is naturally formed with irregular shape and uneven particular size. Itcan be selected as bio-carrier for fixed bed and trickling bed, especially suitable forpoor nutritional running trickling filter packing because of its unique physicochemicalproperty. Presenting this kind of characteristic physicochemical performance, HatCreek coal carriers can still be capable of removing pollutants due to the abundantbiofilm hanging and growth, even under the running condition that nutrition is thelimited factor of the process;Hat creek carrier tricking filter for disposing of wastegas can present the better removal efficiency in the running case of lower capacity
load, without adding more nutrient solution;Hat Creek coal trickling filter is superiorto bio-ceramic carrier tricking filter with the low-concentration of wastewaterinfluent;In contrast, being as the medium of submerged fixed bed for sewagetreatment, the various performance indexes including nitrification efficiency, filterpressure are worse than that of bio-ceramic reactor;Hat Creek coal carrier is notsuitable for fluidized bed because of the high energy consumption resulting from itsirregular shape and heavy specific weight.The experimental study has gained the valuable data and result, which is helpful forimproving the development of research and application on particle bio-reactors inChina.
高效挂膜轻质生物陶粒为惰性材料经人工烧结而成的多孔性颗粒填料,由于其密度等理化性能可在烧结工艺过程中调整,因此尤其适用于作为流化床与固定床填料。由于其比表面极大、微孔结构丰富,因此容易固着丰富的生物相,在营养不成为限定因素的运行条件下,载体挂膜性能及除染物能力均比Hat Creek煤载体更优;由于其轻质高强、粒径均匀、形状规则及表面性能优越等特点,可以作为生物流化床及淹没式固定生物滤床的优选载体填料,用于对有机废水处理,可对CODCr、氨氮等均取得较Hat Creek煤更好的去除效果;而在贫营养条件下的低滤床反应器对废气与低浓度污水的处理中,则处理效果不如Creek煤载体。
Hat Creek煤为自然界天然形成,其颗粒填料形状不规则、粒径不均匀,并具有在贫营养条件下可为微生物生长提供少量营养物质的理化特性,可用作固定床与滴滤床的生物载体填料,尤其适用于贫营养条件下作为滴滤床填料。由于其独特的理化特性,在营养成为限定因素的运行条件下,载体仍然可以正常挂膜并形成除污染能力;用作滴滤床填料处理有机气体,在低容积负荷的条件下,可不需另加营养液即可达到较好的去除效果;Hat Creek煤滴滤床在较低的污水浓度下运行也比陶粒滤床更有优势;而作为淹没式固定生物滤床的填料处理污水时,其硝化效果、滤床压力变化等各方面性能指标均低于高效挂膜轻质生物陶粒;Hat Creek煤比重较大,形状与尺度均不规则,流化能耗较高,因而不适宜作为流化床反应器的载体。
本试验研究也对两种颗粒生物填料在各种反应器的应用取得了有价值的试验数据研究结果,有助于推动我国颗粒床生物反应器的研究与应用。
The thesis focuses on the comparative study of the practical application of theirremoving performances of two improved bio-packings. Based on the comprehensivecharacterization and generalization of the various particle carriers along with theirapplicable reactors, it is the first time to use the two new carriers for the comparativestudy on their removing performances for waste gas and wastewater under theexperimental condition of poor nutrition, rich nutrition as well as high nutrition,associated with trickling filter, stable bed and fluidized bed. Both of the two carriersare characteristic of low cost and special performance. The results indicate that boththem present quality characters and both can be selected as ideal biological carriersfor particular reactors according to their each performances and characters, which canremove organic pollutants effectively.
High efficient Biological ceramics characteristic of lightweight and biofil-hanging areporous particular packings made of inert materials after manual sintering. Because ofthe density and other physicochemical properties which can be adjusted during theperiod of manual sintering, bio-ceramics are especially suited to be as carriers forfixed bed and fluidised bed. Compared to Hat Creek Coals, microorgnisms are easilyfixed to the surface of bio-ceramics because of their larger surfaces and abundantmicropores, which resulting into the better characters in terms of the ability ofremoving pollutants and the property of biofilm fixation in the case of nutritionsupplied unlimitedly;Moreover, with the characteristics of lightweight and highstrength, average particle size, regular shape, surface property superiority and thekind , bio-ceramics can be used as preferred carriers biological in the fluidided bedand submerged fixed bed used for treating organic wastewater, in which the removalrate of CODCr and Nitrogen is better that Hat creek coals bio-reactor;However, thetreatment efficiency is not as ideal as Hat Creek coal carriers in trickling filter usedfor the treatment of waste gas and low concentration wastewater in the runningcondition of poor nutrition .
Hat Creek coal is naturally formed with irregular shape and uneven particular size. Itcan be selected as bio-carrier for fixed bed and trickling bed, especially suitable forpoor nutritional running trickling filter packing because of its unique physicochemicalproperty. Presenting this kind of characteristic physicochemical performance, HatCreek coal carriers can still be capable of removing pollutants due to the abundantbiofilm hanging and growth, even under the running condition that nutrition is thelimited factor of the process;Hat creek carrier tricking filter for disposing of wastegas can present the better removal efficiency in the running case of lower capacity
load, without adding more nutrient solution;Hat Creek coal trickling filter is superiorto bio-ceramic carrier tricking filter with the low-concentration of wastewaterinfluent;In contrast, being as the medium of submerged fixed bed for sewagetreatment, the various performance indexes including nitrification efficiency, filterpressure are worse than that of bio-ceramic reactor;Hat Creek coal carrier is notsuitable for fluidized bed because of the high energy consumption resulting from itsirregular shape and heavy specific weight.The experimental study has gained the valuable data and result, which is helpful forimproving the development of research and application on particle bio-reactors inChina.
引文
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