钢筋缓蚀剂和钢筋混凝土结构电化学除氯的研究
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摘要
钢筋腐蚀而导致钢筋混凝土结构的过早失效是当今世界日益突出和普遍关注的灾害。Cl~-侵蚀是导致混凝土中钢筋腐蚀的首要因素,研究混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与防护已成为一项迫切任务。本工作针对实际需要,研究钢筋的腐蚀机理,探索钢筋的缓蚀剂保护方法和钢筋混凝土结构电化学除氯技术,对保护钢筋具有重要的实用价值和学术意义。主要研究内容和结果如下:
1.探明若干缓蚀剂对钢筋的缓蚀作用,发现D—葡萄糖酸钠具有良好缓蚀效果
应用交流阻抗测试等电化学技术,检测了苯甲酸钠、β—甘油磷酸钠、乙醇胺和D—葡萄糖酸钠在含NaCl的模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀作用。结果表明,缓蚀剂的浓度为0.1mol·L~(-1)时,苯甲酸钠和β—甘油磷酸钠有较好缓蚀效果,D—葡萄糖酸钠浓度为0.001mol·L~(-1)至0.1mol·L~(-1)时均有良好缓蚀效果。
复配试验表明,D—葡萄糖酸钠与四硼酸钠组成的复合缓蚀剂缓蚀效果最好,而与甘氨酸和乙醇胺复配的缓蚀剂也表现出较好的缓蚀效果。
2.探明D—葡萄糖酸钠的缓蚀效果及缓蚀机理
D—葡萄糖酸钠在含有Cl~-的模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀作用主要通过抑制钢筋腐蚀的阳极反应。其缓蚀机理可归结为葡萄糖酸根离子通过和Cl~-在钢筋表面竞争吸附,最终通过螯合作用在钢筋表面形成一层致密的吸附膜对钢筋起到保护作用。
3.建立钢筋混凝土结构电化学除氯技术
设计和安装了钢筋混凝土结构的实验室电化学除氯装置。以镀铂钛网为临时阳极,对混凝土中钢筋施以阴极电流进行电化学处理,并以钢筋混凝土样品中不同位置埋置的Ag/AgCl电极作为Cl~-探针。电化学除氯测试结果表明,本工作建立的电化学除氯技术能够有效地降低混凝土中Cl~-浓度,抑制钢筋的腐蚀。
Reinforcing steel corrosion is the major cause of premature degradation of concrete structures and has been a serious and significant problem in modern society. Cl~-ingress is the main cause of reinforcing steel corrosion. It is very significant to study the corrosion and protection of reinforcing steel in chloride-contaminated concrete. The aim of this work is to study the corrosion mechanism of reinforcing steel, explore corrosion inhibitors and electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) technique for chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete, which is valuable and significant both in science and practice. The main results are as follows:
1. Some corrosion inhibitors for reinforcing steel have been investigated, and the good inhibiting effect of D-sodium gluconate has been found.
The inhibiting effect of sodium benzoate,β-sodium glycerophosphate, ethanolamine and D-sodium gluconate on the reinforcing steel immersed in the simulated concrete pore solution (SPS) with 0.1mol·L~(-1)NaCl has been studied by EIS and other electrochemical techniques, respectively. With the concentration of 0.1mol·L~(-1), sodium benzoate andβ-sodium glycerophosphate show obvious inhibiting effect, respectively. And D-sodium gluconate with the concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.1mol·L~(-1) has excellent inhibiting effect.
Moreover, D-sodium gluconate was mixed with other substances and used as corrosion inhibiting admixtures. The admixture of D-sodium gluconate and sodium tetraborate has the best inhibiting effect among these mixed inhibitors. In addition, the admixtures of D-sodium gluconate and glycin, D-sodium gluconate and ethanolamine have good inhibiting effect, too.
2. Corrosion inhibition and mechanism of reinforcing steel by D-sodium gluconate has been studied.
D-sodium gluconate can effectively inhibit the initiation of the reinforcing steel corrosion in SPS containing Cl~-, mainly by suppressing the anodic reactions. The inhibition mechanism can be explained on the basis of the competitive adsorption between gluconate anions and Cl~- on the reinforcing steel surface. And gluconate anions can eventually form a compact adsorptive film by strong chelation and effectively inhibit the initiation of reinforcing steel corrosion.
3. Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) technique has been developed.
The ECE instrument for reinforced concrete has been designed and set up in the laboratory. The electrochemical treatment was performed using a cathodic current with platinized titanium mesh as the external anode. Ag/AgCl electrodes as Cl~- probe were embedded at the different distance from the steel/concrete interface in concrete. The ECE technique set-up is able to reduce the Cl~- concentrations in concrete effectively, and mitigate the corrosion of reinforcing steel.
1.探明若干缓蚀剂对钢筋的缓蚀作用,发现D—葡萄糖酸钠具有良好缓蚀效果
应用交流阻抗测试等电化学技术,检测了苯甲酸钠、β—甘油磷酸钠、乙醇胺和D—葡萄糖酸钠在含NaCl的模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀作用。结果表明,缓蚀剂的浓度为0.1mol·L~(-1)时,苯甲酸钠和β—甘油磷酸钠有较好缓蚀效果,D—葡萄糖酸钠浓度为0.001mol·L~(-1)至0.1mol·L~(-1)时均有良好缓蚀效果。
复配试验表明,D—葡萄糖酸钠与四硼酸钠组成的复合缓蚀剂缓蚀效果最好,而与甘氨酸和乙醇胺复配的缓蚀剂也表现出较好的缓蚀效果。
2.探明D—葡萄糖酸钠的缓蚀效果及缓蚀机理
D—葡萄糖酸钠在含有Cl~-的模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋的缓蚀作用主要通过抑制钢筋腐蚀的阳极反应。其缓蚀机理可归结为葡萄糖酸根离子通过和Cl~-在钢筋表面竞争吸附,最终通过螯合作用在钢筋表面形成一层致密的吸附膜对钢筋起到保护作用。
3.建立钢筋混凝土结构电化学除氯技术
设计和安装了钢筋混凝土结构的实验室电化学除氯装置。以镀铂钛网为临时阳极,对混凝土中钢筋施以阴极电流进行电化学处理,并以钢筋混凝土样品中不同位置埋置的Ag/AgCl电极作为Cl~-探针。电化学除氯测试结果表明,本工作建立的电化学除氯技术能够有效地降低混凝土中Cl~-浓度,抑制钢筋的腐蚀。
Reinforcing steel corrosion is the major cause of premature degradation of concrete structures and has been a serious and significant problem in modern society. Cl~-ingress is the main cause of reinforcing steel corrosion. It is very significant to study the corrosion and protection of reinforcing steel in chloride-contaminated concrete. The aim of this work is to study the corrosion mechanism of reinforcing steel, explore corrosion inhibitors and electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) technique for chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete, which is valuable and significant both in science and practice. The main results are as follows:
1. Some corrosion inhibitors for reinforcing steel have been investigated, and the good inhibiting effect of D-sodium gluconate has been found.
The inhibiting effect of sodium benzoate,β-sodium glycerophosphate, ethanolamine and D-sodium gluconate on the reinforcing steel immersed in the simulated concrete pore solution (SPS) with 0.1mol·L~(-1)NaCl has been studied by EIS and other electrochemical techniques, respectively. With the concentration of 0.1mol·L~(-1), sodium benzoate andβ-sodium glycerophosphate show obvious inhibiting effect, respectively. And D-sodium gluconate with the concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.1mol·L~(-1) has excellent inhibiting effect.
Moreover, D-sodium gluconate was mixed with other substances and used as corrosion inhibiting admixtures. The admixture of D-sodium gluconate and sodium tetraborate has the best inhibiting effect among these mixed inhibitors. In addition, the admixtures of D-sodium gluconate and glycin, D-sodium gluconate and ethanolamine have good inhibiting effect, too.
2. Corrosion inhibition and mechanism of reinforcing steel by D-sodium gluconate has been studied.
D-sodium gluconate can effectively inhibit the initiation of the reinforcing steel corrosion in SPS containing Cl~-, mainly by suppressing the anodic reactions. The inhibition mechanism can be explained on the basis of the competitive adsorption between gluconate anions and Cl~- on the reinforcing steel surface. And gluconate anions can eventually form a compact adsorptive film by strong chelation and effectively inhibit the initiation of reinforcing steel corrosion.
3. Electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) technique has been developed.
The ECE instrument for reinforced concrete has been designed and set up in the laboratory. The electrochemical treatment was performed using a cathodic current with platinized titanium mesh as the external anode. Ag/AgCl electrodes as Cl~- probe were embedded at the different distance from the steel/concrete interface in concrete. The ECE technique set-up is able to reduce the Cl~- concentrations in concrete effectively, and mitigate the corrosion of reinforcing steel.
引文
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Code meaning = IDispatch error #3121
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Code meaning = IDispatch error #3121
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Code meaning = IDispatch error #3121
Source = Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server
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