黄土高边坡受降雨影响的失稳因素的敏感程度评价及回归分析
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摘要
黄土高边坡的稳定性评价是一个主要的工程研究方向,雨后滑坡频发造成的地质灾害已成为工程界极为重视的问题,黄土地区更甚。影响滑坡的因素众多,但降雨是其主要的诱发因素。本文选择了两种降雨形式(几乎是黄土地区的极值情况),土质参数是以陇西黄土的范围值为计算参数,讨论了黄土高边坡的稳定性问题。
本文使用Galerkin有限元法对降雨入渗引起的饱和-非饱和渗流场进行求解；再借助MIDAS/GTS软件,模拟降雨入渗引起的渗流场的变化情况。分析了在降雨入渗条件下渗透系数、降雨持时对孔隙水压力的影响,以及降雨入渗深度随饱和渗透系数变化的情况。在此情况下,利用考虑降雨及孔隙水压力影响的毕肖普稳定分析方法对降雨入渗下的黄土高边坡的稳定性进行分析。利用MIDAS中的边坡稳定分析模块进行模拟,定量的得出降雨强度、降雨持时对土质高边坡稳定性的影响程度；探讨各参数变化对边坡安全系数的影响。
在上述工作的基础上,作者将灰色关联度评价方法用距离分析法加以改进,并对黄土高边坡稳定性的敏感程度进行评价,评价中考虑了九个主要影响因素：天然重度、内摩擦角、粘聚力、饱和渗透系数、体积含水率；降雨强度、降雨持时；坡高、坡角。计算结果表明：作为土质参数,土体粘聚力和内摩擦角对黄土高边坡稳定性影响最大并且权重相当；作为降雨因素,降雨强度是诱发黄土高边坡失稳的重要因素,权重值达11.3%；边坡的安全系数可表示为坡高和坡角的线性函数,即FS=αβ+bh+c,其中a,b,c为c,φ,γ,θ,ks,R,T的函数。由此得出黄土边坡的直立高度极限值为4.5m。
Evaluation of high slope stability of loess is a major project research direction, the landslide which is caused by rain has the frequency high and the harm is quite big.The geological disasters for this have become attached great importance to the engineering problem,the loess area is even more. The rain is the main contributing factor among many affecting factors. Author selects the two forms of rainfall (almost the extreme of the loess region), range of values of Longxi loess is used to calculating parameter, and the stability of high loess slope is discussed in the paper.
Using the Galerkin finite element method,author sloved saturated-unsaturated flow problem due to rainfall infiltration, and analyzed the rainfall infiltration seepage caused by the change with the help of MIDAS/GTS software. Analyzing effcts of the pore water pressure by saturated hydraulic conductivity and rainfall duration time caused and dicovering the rainfall infiltration law with the variation of saturated hydraulic. In this case, high slope stability of loess is analyzed with the Bishop method of slope stability analysis which considered the influence of pore water pressure and the rain. Author applys the simulation module of slope stability in the finite element analysis, obtained quantitatively the influence degree of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration time of soil slope stability;discussed the impact of the parameters to the safety factor.
Based on the above work, using the distance analysis method,author improved evaluation of gray correlation analysis method and evaluated the sensitive degree of the instable factors on high slope stability of loess and taked into account nine major factors:severe natural,internal friction angle,cohesion, saturated permeability, volume moisture content; rainfall intensity, rainfall duration; slope height,slope angle. The results showed that:as the soil parameters, soil cohesion and internal friction angle is the biggest extent to the slope stability of loess and the weight is appropriate; rainfall intensity which caused the high unstability slope of loess is an important factor, the weight value is up to 11.3%;safety factor can be expressed as slope height and slope angle of the linear function, Fs=αβ+bh+c, where a, b,c are for the function of c,φ,γ,θ,ks,R,T. It can be seen that the high slope of loess upright limit height is 4.5m.
本文使用Galerkin有限元法对降雨入渗引起的饱和-非饱和渗流场进行求解；再借助MIDAS/GTS软件,模拟降雨入渗引起的渗流场的变化情况。分析了在降雨入渗条件下渗透系数、降雨持时对孔隙水压力的影响,以及降雨入渗深度随饱和渗透系数变化的情况。在此情况下,利用考虑降雨及孔隙水压力影响的毕肖普稳定分析方法对降雨入渗下的黄土高边坡的稳定性进行分析。利用MIDAS中的边坡稳定分析模块进行模拟,定量的得出降雨强度、降雨持时对土质高边坡稳定性的影响程度；探讨各参数变化对边坡安全系数的影响。
在上述工作的基础上,作者将灰色关联度评价方法用距离分析法加以改进,并对黄土高边坡稳定性的敏感程度进行评价,评价中考虑了九个主要影响因素：天然重度、内摩擦角、粘聚力、饱和渗透系数、体积含水率；降雨强度、降雨持时；坡高、坡角。计算结果表明：作为土质参数,土体粘聚力和内摩擦角对黄土高边坡稳定性影响最大并且权重相当；作为降雨因素,降雨强度是诱发黄土高边坡失稳的重要因素,权重值达11.3%；边坡的安全系数可表示为坡高和坡角的线性函数,即FS=αβ+bh+c,其中a,b,c为c,φ,γ,θ,ks,R,T的函数。由此得出黄土边坡的直立高度极限值为4.5m。
Evaluation of high slope stability of loess is a major project research direction, the landslide which is caused by rain has the frequency high and the harm is quite big.The geological disasters for this have become attached great importance to the engineering problem,the loess area is even more. The rain is the main contributing factor among many affecting factors. Author selects the two forms of rainfall (almost the extreme of the loess region), range of values of Longxi loess is used to calculating parameter, and the stability of high loess slope is discussed in the paper.
Using the Galerkin finite element method,author sloved saturated-unsaturated flow problem due to rainfall infiltration, and analyzed the rainfall infiltration seepage caused by the change with the help of MIDAS/GTS software. Analyzing effcts of the pore water pressure by saturated hydraulic conductivity and rainfall duration time caused and dicovering the rainfall infiltration law with the variation of saturated hydraulic. In this case, high slope stability of loess is analyzed with the Bishop method of slope stability analysis which considered the influence of pore water pressure and the rain. Author applys the simulation module of slope stability in the finite element analysis, obtained quantitatively the influence degree of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration time of soil slope stability;discussed the impact of the parameters to the safety factor.
Based on the above work, using the distance analysis method,author improved evaluation of gray correlation analysis method and evaluated the sensitive degree of the instable factors on high slope stability of loess and taked into account nine major factors:severe natural,internal friction angle,cohesion, saturated permeability, volume moisture content; rainfall intensity, rainfall duration; slope height,slope angle. The results showed that:as the soil parameters, soil cohesion and internal friction angle is the biggest extent to the slope stability of loess and the weight is appropriate; rainfall intensity which caused the high unstability slope of loess is an important factor, the weight value is up to 11.3%;safety factor can be expressed as slope height and slope angle of the linear function, Fs=αβ+bh+c, where a, b,c are for the function of c,φ,γ,θ,ks,R,T. It can be seen that the high slope of loess upright limit height is 4.5m.
引文
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[2]张倬元,王念秦.黄土滑坡灾害研究[M].兰州：兰州大学出版社,2005.1
[3]吴纬江.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].四川：成都科技大学出版社,2002.5
[4]陈守义.考虑入渗和蒸发影响的土坡稳定性分析方法[J].岩土力学,1997,18(2)：8-12
[5]Gasmo J.M, Tahafdjo H, Leong E. C. Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2000,26(2):145-165
[6]C.W.W.Ng.Shi Q. Influence of rainfall intensity and duration on slope stability in unsaturated soils[J]. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,1998,31: 105-113
[7]Tsaparas I,ahardjo H,Toll D.G et al. Controlling parameters for rainfall-induced landslides[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2002,29:1-27
[8]陈善雄,陈守义.考虑降雨的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4)：447-450
[9]颜斌,万魁,刘海松.降雨入渗对黄土边坡稳定性的影响[A],第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京：科学出版社,2006,450-455
[10]张丽,黄英,任磊等.边坡稳定影响因素及稳定分析方法探讨[J].云南水利发电,2007,23(4)：22-26
[11]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].第2版.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1996,302-344
[12]陈仲颐,周景星等.土力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1995
[13]Tenaghi. K.. Theoretical Soil Mechanics[M]. John Wiley,NewYork,1943
[14]Fellenins. W.. Erdstatisch Berechnungeo[M]. Berlin Wernst and Sohn revised Edition,1939
[15]Bishop. A. W. The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes[J]. Geotochique,1955,5:7-17
[16]Janbu. N.. Slope stability computations[J]. Embankment Dam Engineering, 1973,47-86
[17]Morgenstern. N. R.and Price. V.. The analysis of the stability of general slip surface [J]. Geotechnique,1996,15(1):79-93
[18]Spencer. E.. Thrust line criterion in embankment stability analysis[J]. Geoteohnique,1973,23(1):85-100
[19]Janbu. N.. Application of composite slip surfaces for stability analysis[J]. Procee European Conference on Stability of Earth Slopes, Sweden,1954,3: 43-49
[20]Chen. Zuyu. and Morgenstem. N. R.. Extensions to the generalized method of slices for stability analysis[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1983,20(1): 104-119
[21]Chen. Zuyu. Random trials used in determining global minilnuln factors of safety of slopes[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1992,29(2):225-233
[22]潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].北京：水利出版社,1998
[23]欧阳仲春.土坡稳定的塑性极限分析解[J].重庆交通学院学报,1983.3
[24]李彰明.模糊分析在边坡稳定性评价的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5)：490-495
[25]王明华,李小强等.基于GIS和最小势能原理的斜坡稳定性三维分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,25(13)：2373-2376
[26]E. W. Brand, J. Premchitt and H. B. PhiliFson. Relationship between rainfall and landslides in Hong Kong, Proe.4th Int. Symp. Landslides. Torono.1984, 13(1):377-384
[27]Lumb. Effect of rain storm on slope stability [J]. Symon Hong Kong soils, 1962,73-87
[28]Glade T. Modelling landslide triggering rainfall thresholds at a range of complexities [M]. In:Proc of the Ⅷ International Symposium on Landslides, Cardff. vol.2, Telford, London, pp:633-640
[29]陈正洪,孟斌.湖北省降雨型滑坡泥石流及其降雨因子的时空分布、相关性浅析[J].岩土力学,1995,16(3)：62-70
[30]谢剑明,刘礼领等.浙江省滑坡灾害预警预报的降雨阀值研究[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4)：101-105
[31]Sun Y. A study on stability analysis of shallow layer slope due to raining permeation[A]. Proceedings of International Conference on Unsaturated Soils[C]. Paris,1995
[32]王瑞刚,闫澍旺,邓卫东.降雨作用下高填土质路堤边坡的渗流稳定分析[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：25-30
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