益气活血中药防治急性肺损伤作用机制研究
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摘要
1研究目的
本研究以急性肺损伤(ALI)模型大鼠为研究对象,以益气活血中药黄芪和丹参对急性肺损伤模型大鼠进行干预,对益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的效果进行评价,研究益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的作用机制,寻找中医药作用的靶点,同时结合中医理论探讨急性肺损伤的基本病机,为益气活血法防治急性肺损伤提供理论依据,为中医药治疗急性肺损伤提供新思路,扩展中医药防治疾病的范围。
2研究方法
2.1急性肺损伤大鼠动物模型的建立与评价
选取32只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为模型组和正常组,采用LPS气管滴入法制备急性肺损伤动物模型,LPS按1mg/kg剂量气管滴入。观察大鼠的肺系数、肺通透指数、动脉血气分析及肺组织病理形态学变化,评价动物模型制备是否成功。
2.2益气活血中药对急性肺损伤的防治作用研究
将黄芪和丹参按1：1比例配制成小(0.125g/m1)、中(0.25g/m1)、大(0.5g/m1)剂量。将200只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药小剂量组、中药中剂量组和中药大剂量组,每组40只。模型组、中药小、中、大剂量组均采用LPS气管滴入法制备模型,造模前中药小、中、大剂量组每日分别予中药(0.125g/ml)2ml、(0.25g/ml)2ml、(0.5g/ml)2ml灌胃,连续1周。各组大鼠造模后在1、3、6、12小时各时间点抽取5只行肺通透指数检测,各时间点各组再随机选取5只大鼠行动脉血气分析、肺系数检测、病理形态学观察。
2.3益气活血中药防治急性肺损伤的作用机理研究
将黄芪和丹参按1：1比例配制成0.25g/ml剂量。将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组,每组20只。模型组、中药组均采用LPS气管滴入法制备模型,造模前中药组每日分别予中药2m1灌胃,连续1周。造模3小时后,每组大鼠随机抽取10只,取静脉血行血液流变学检测,另10只大鼠,均静脉取血进行分离血浆,检测血浆N0、H2S、ET-1、CGRP、6-Keto-PGF1α、TXB2含量；每组随机选取8只大鼠,取左肺组织100mg提取肺组织总RNA,再行PCR检测,分析肺组织AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA表达情况,取右肺组织行病理形态学检测。
3结果
3.1动物模型复制基本成功
评价结果显示,本研究的动物模型复制基本成功,符合ALI动物模型的特点,包括肺内细胞与组织损伤、血氧分压下降及肺血管通透性增加的证据,可在此基础上进一步研究中药对ALI的防治作用及其作用机理。
3.2益气活血中药对急性肺损伤具有显著的防治作用
①组织形态学方面：中药中、大剂量组各时间点的大鼠肺组织结构清晰,肺泡基本未见破坏,但中药小剂量组大鼠肺在6、12小时时可见肺泡完整性有破坏；正常组肺组织结构清晰；模型组1小时时即偶见肺泡内水肿,在3、6、12小时时肺组织明显受损,肺泡完整性被破坏,大量炎性细胞浸润。
②肺损伤指标方面：正常组和中药中、大剂量组大鼠的肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数、PaO2和SaO2在四个时间点均变化不大；模型组大鼠的肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数在3、6、12小时时明显高于正常组和中药小、中、大剂量组,PaO2和SaO2在3、6、12小时时明显低于正常组和中药小、中、大剂量组(均P<0.05)；中药小剂量组肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数6小时时达到最高,明显高于正常组和中药中、大剂量组(均P<0.05),PaO2和SaO2在6、12小时时达到最低值,明显低于正常组和中药中、大剂量组(均P<0.01)。
3.3益气活血中药防治急性肺损伤的作用机理
①血液流变学指标：中药组和正常组血液流变学指标均低于模型组(P<0.01),中药组和正常组无显著差异(P>0.05)。
②血浆NO、H2S、ET-1、CGRP、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α含量：中药组的血浆NO、ET-1、 TXB2、含量明显低于模型组(均P<0.01),中药组的血浆H2S、CGRP、6-Keto-PGF1α含量明显高于模型组(均P<0.01),且中药组各指标与正常组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
③AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA表达情况：中药组肺组织AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、 CSEmRNA表达明显高于模型组(均P<0.05),中药组与正常组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
4结论
4.1采用LPS气管滴入法制备的大鼠急性肺损伤模型,符合急性肺损伤动物模型的主要特征。
4.2通过对大鼠肺组织病理形态学、肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数、动脉血气分析、肺通透指数等指标检测,结果显示益气活血中药黄芪和丹参对急性肺损伤具有明显的防治作用。
4.3益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的作用机制是多途径、多环节的,其包括：①降低ALI的血液粘稠度、改善高粘血状态；②抑制内源性NO的合成和促进内源性H2S的生成；③抑制血管收缩因子ET-1和促进扩血管物质CGRP的生成；④降低TXA2、提高PGI2含量以调节TXA2/PGI2平衡；⑤促进AQP-1、AQP-5合成与表达,保护肺组织正常水液代谢功能。
4.4气虚血瘀是急性肺损伤的基本病机。各种病因均可引起肺脏损伤,导致肺不主气,肺气虚弱,宗气不足,水道不利,血行不畅,瘀阻脉络,最终形成肺损伤。气虚是ALI发病的根本病机,血瘀是疾病进一步发展的必然结果,因此,针对气虚血瘀的病机采用益气活血的方法,运用益气活血中药黄芪和丹参能够有效的防治急性肺损伤。
1. Objectives
This study used acute lung injury(ALI) model rats as the research object, intervened with the supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus monghol icus (huangqi) and sal via miltiorrhiza (danshen), and valuated of the effect of prevention and treatment, researched the prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen), and explored the traditional Chinese medicine effect targets, investigate the basic pathogenesis of acute lung injury with theory of traditional Chinese medicine, to provide the theoretical foundation for prevention and treatment of ALI by supplementing qi and activating blood circulation method, provide new way for traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of ALI, and expand the scope of the prevention and treatment of diseases of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. Methods
2.1The establishment and evaluation of ALI rats animal model
32male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group and normal group. The animal model was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1mg/kg), and was evaluated by lung index, lung permeation index, arterial blood gas analysis, pathological changes.
2.2The research of prevention and treatment effect of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
Astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia mi miltiorrhiza(danshen) were prepared into low dose(0.125g/ml), medium dose(0.25g/ml), high dose(0.5g/ml), according to1:1proportion.200male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group, each40. Herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group were gavaged with herbs liquid (0.125g/ml)2ml,(0.25g/ml)2ml,(0.5g/ml)2ml everyday for1week, and then model group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS.5rats were chosen randomly from each group at the1,3,6,12hours after model made, and observed lung permeation index, lung index, arterial blood gas analysis, pathological changes.
2.3The research of prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
Astragalus mongholicus and salvia miltiorrhiza were prepared into0.25g/ml according to1:1proportion.60male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, herbs group, each20. Herbs group were gavaged with herbs liquid2ml everyday for1week, and then model group, herbs group were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS. At the6hours after model made, haemorheology index and content of NO, H2S, ET-1, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α, TXB2in plasm were tested, AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA expression of lung tissue were detected by PCR method, pathological changes were observed also.
3. Results
3.1The animal model replication was successful
Evaluation results showed that the animal model replication of this study was successful and coinciding the characteristics of ALI animal models, so we can research the prevention and treatment effect and mechanism of the Chinese medicine on ALI further by this animal model.
3.2Supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs have conspicuous prevention and treatment effect on ALI
①Histomorphology:herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group rats lung tissue structure were clear, alveolar were intact at all time; herbs low dose group alveolar integrity were destroyed at6,12hours; normal group lung t issue structure were clear; model group alveolar integrity were destroyed at3,6,12hours, lots of inflammatory cells infiltration.
②Lung injury indicators:normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index, PaO2and SaO2were not changed much at each time; model group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index were higher than normal group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously, model group PaO2and SaO2were lower than normal group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.05); herbs low dose group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index were highest at the6hour, higher than normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.05), and PaO2and SaO2were lowest at the6,12hours, lower than normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.01).
3.3The prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
①Haemorheology index:haemorheology index of normal group and herbs group were lower than model group obviously (P<0.01), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
②Content of NO, H2S, ET-1, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α, TXB2in plasm:content of NO, ET-1, TXB2in plasm of herbs group were lower than model group obviously (all P<0.01), content of H2S, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α in plasm of herbs group were higher than model group obviously (all P<0.01), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
③Expression of AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA:expression of AQP-1mRNA、 AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA in the lung tissue of herbs group were higher than model group obviously (all P<0.05), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
4. Conclusion
4.1ALI rat animal model replication by intratracheal instillation of LPS was coinciding the characteristics of ALI animal models.
4.2The results of pathological changes, index of quantitative assessment, lung index, arterial blood gas analysis, lung permeation index showed that supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs have conspicuous prevention and treatment effect on ALI.
4.3The prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) on ALI present in many way, include:①Decreasing the blood viscosity;②Restraining the releasing of endogenous NO and promoting synthesis of endogenous H2S;③Promoting synthesis and releasing of CGRP, restraining the synthesis and releasing of ET-1.④Decreasing TXA2, increasing PGI2, and maintaining the balance of TXA2/PGI2;⑤Promoting the AQP-1mRNA and AQP-5mRNA expression and synthesis in lung tissue, protecting normal fluid metabolism of lung tissue.
4.4Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the basic pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Many pathogenesis can cause lung injury, lead to lung failure in governing qi, lung qi deficiency, Zong qi insufficient, abnormal body fluid metabolism, blood movement stagnated, blood stasis, finally formed ALI. Qi deficiency is the fundamental pathogenesis of ALI, and blood stasis is the inevitable result of the further development of illness, therefore, adopt the method of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation depended on pathogenesis of qi deficiency and blood stasis, the supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus and salvia miltiorrhiza can effectively prevent and treat ALI.
本研究以急性肺损伤(ALI)模型大鼠为研究对象,以益气活血中药黄芪和丹参对急性肺损伤模型大鼠进行干预,对益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的效果进行评价,研究益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的作用机制,寻找中医药作用的靶点,同时结合中医理论探讨急性肺损伤的基本病机,为益气活血法防治急性肺损伤提供理论依据,为中医药治疗急性肺损伤提供新思路,扩展中医药防治疾病的范围。
2研究方法
2.1急性肺损伤大鼠动物模型的建立与评价
选取32只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为模型组和正常组,采用LPS气管滴入法制备急性肺损伤动物模型,LPS按1mg/kg剂量气管滴入。观察大鼠的肺系数、肺通透指数、动脉血气分析及肺组织病理形态学变化,评价动物模型制备是否成功。
2.2益气活血中药对急性肺损伤的防治作用研究
将黄芪和丹参按1：1比例配制成小(0.125g/m1)、中(0.25g/m1)、大(0.5g/m1)剂量。将200只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药小剂量组、中药中剂量组和中药大剂量组,每组40只。模型组、中药小、中、大剂量组均采用LPS气管滴入法制备模型,造模前中药小、中、大剂量组每日分别予中药(0.125g/ml)2ml、(0.25g/ml)2ml、(0.5g/ml)2ml灌胃,连续1周。各组大鼠造模后在1、3、6、12小时各时间点抽取5只行肺通透指数检测,各时间点各组再随机选取5只大鼠行动脉血气分析、肺系数检测、病理形态学观察。
2.3益气活血中药防治急性肺损伤的作用机理研究
将黄芪和丹参按1：1比例配制成0.25g/ml剂量。将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组,每组20只。模型组、中药组均采用LPS气管滴入法制备模型,造模前中药组每日分别予中药2m1灌胃,连续1周。造模3小时后,每组大鼠随机抽取10只,取静脉血行血液流变学检测,另10只大鼠,均静脉取血进行分离血浆,检测血浆N0、H2S、ET-1、CGRP、6-Keto-PGF1α、TXB2含量；每组随机选取8只大鼠,取左肺组织100mg提取肺组织总RNA,再行PCR检测,分析肺组织AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA表达情况,取右肺组织行病理形态学检测。
3结果
3.1动物模型复制基本成功
评价结果显示,本研究的动物模型复制基本成功,符合ALI动物模型的特点,包括肺内细胞与组织损伤、血氧分压下降及肺血管通透性增加的证据,可在此基础上进一步研究中药对ALI的防治作用及其作用机理。
3.2益气活血中药对急性肺损伤具有显著的防治作用
①组织形态学方面：中药中、大剂量组各时间点的大鼠肺组织结构清晰,肺泡基本未见破坏,但中药小剂量组大鼠肺在6、12小时时可见肺泡完整性有破坏；正常组肺组织结构清晰；模型组1小时时即偶见肺泡内水肿,在3、6、12小时时肺组织明显受损,肺泡完整性被破坏,大量炎性细胞浸润。
②肺损伤指标方面：正常组和中药中、大剂量组大鼠的肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数、PaO2和SaO2在四个时间点均变化不大；模型组大鼠的肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数在3、6、12小时时明显高于正常组和中药小、中、大剂量组,PaO2和SaO2在3、6、12小时时明显低于正常组和中药小、中、大剂量组(均P<0.05)；中药小剂量组肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数值、肺通透指数6小时时达到最高,明显高于正常组和中药中、大剂量组(均P<0.05),PaO2和SaO2在6、12小时时达到最低值,明显低于正常组和中药中、大剂量组(均P<0.01)。
3.3益气活血中药防治急性肺损伤的作用机理
①血液流变学指标：中药组和正常组血液流变学指标均低于模型组(P<0.01),中药组和正常组无显著差异(P>0.05)。
②血浆NO、H2S、ET-1、CGRP、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α含量：中药组的血浆NO、ET-1、 TXB2、含量明显低于模型组(均P<0.01),中药组的血浆H2S、CGRP、6-Keto-PGF1α含量明显高于模型组(均P<0.01),且中药组各指标与正常组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
③AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA表达情况：中药组肺组织AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、 CSEmRNA表达明显高于模型组(均P<0.05),中药组与正常组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
4结论
4.1采用LPS气管滴入法制备的大鼠急性肺损伤模型,符合急性肺损伤动物模型的主要特征。
4.2通过对大鼠肺组织病理形态学、肺泡损伤数比值、肺系数、动脉血气分析、肺通透指数等指标检测,结果显示益气活血中药黄芪和丹参对急性肺损伤具有明显的防治作用。
4.3益气活血中药黄芪和丹参防治急性肺损伤的作用机制是多途径、多环节的,其包括：①降低ALI的血液粘稠度、改善高粘血状态；②抑制内源性NO的合成和促进内源性H2S的生成；③抑制血管收缩因子ET-1和促进扩血管物质CGRP的生成；④降低TXA2、提高PGI2含量以调节TXA2/PGI2平衡；⑤促进AQP-1、AQP-5合成与表达,保护肺组织正常水液代谢功能。
4.4气虚血瘀是急性肺损伤的基本病机。各种病因均可引起肺脏损伤,导致肺不主气,肺气虚弱,宗气不足,水道不利,血行不畅,瘀阻脉络,最终形成肺损伤。气虚是ALI发病的根本病机,血瘀是疾病进一步发展的必然结果,因此,针对气虚血瘀的病机采用益气活血的方法,运用益气活血中药黄芪和丹参能够有效的防治急性肺损伤。
1. Objectives
This study used acute lung injury(ALI) model rats as the research object, intervened with the supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus monghol icus (huangqi) and sal via miltiorrhiza (danshen), and valuated of the effect of prevention and treatment, researched the prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen), and explored the traditional Chinese medicine effect targets, investigate the basic pathogenesis of acute lung injury with theory of traditional Chinese medicine, to provide the theoretical foundation for prevention and treatment of ALI by supplementing qi and activating blood circulation method, provide new way for traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of ALI, and expand the scope of the prevention and treatment of diseases of traditional Chinese medicine.
2. Methods
2.1The establishment and evaluation of ALI rats animal model
32male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group and normal group. The animal model was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1mg/kg), and was evaluated by lung index, lung permeation index, arterial blood gas analysis, pathological changes.
2.2The research of prevention and treatment effect of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
Astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia mi miltiorrhiza(danshen) were prepared into low dose(0.125g/ml), medium dose(0.25g/ml), high dose(0.5g/ml), according to1:1proportion.200male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group, each40. Herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group were gavaged with herbs liquid (0.125g/ml)2ml,(0.25g/ml)2ml,(0.5g/ml)2ml everyday for1week, and then model group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS.5rats were chosen randomly from each group at the1,3,6,12hours after model made, and observed lung permeation index, lung index, arterial blood gas analysis, pathological changes.
2.3The research of prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
Astragalus mongholicus and salvia miltiorrhiza were prepared into0.25g/ml according to1:1proportion.60male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, herbs group, each20. Herbs group were gavaged with herbs liquid2ml everyday for1week, and then model group, herbs group were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS. At the6hours after model made, haemorheology index and content of NO, H2S, ET-1, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α, TXB2in plasm were tested, AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA expression of lung tissue were detected by PCR method, pathological changes were observed also.
3. Results
3.1The animal model replication was successful
Evaluation results showed that the animal model replication of this study was successful and coinciding the characteristics of ALI animal models, so we can research the prevention and treatment effect and mechanism of the Chinese medicine on ALI further by this animal model.
3.2Supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs have conspicuous prevention and treatment effect on ALI
①Histomorphology:herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group rats lung tissue structure were clear, alveolar were intact at all time; herbs low dose group alveolar integrity were destroyed at6,12hours; normal group lung t issue structure were clear; model group alveolar integrity were destroyed at3,6,12hours, lots of inflammatory cells infiltration.
②Lung injury indicators:normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index, PaO2and SaO2were not changed much at each time; model group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index were higher than normal group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously, model group PaO2and SaO2were lower than normal group, herbs low dose group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.05); herbs low dose group index of quantitative assessment, lung index, permeation index were highest at the6hour, higher than normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.05), and PaO2and SaO2were lowest at the6,12hours, lower than normal group, herbs medium dose group, herbs high dose group obviously (all P<0.01).
3.3The prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs on ALI
①Haemorheology index:haemorheology index of normal group and herbs group were lower than model group obviously (P<0.01), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
②Content of NO, H2S, ET-1, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α, TXB2in plasm:content of NO, ET-1, TXB2in plasm of herbs group were lower than model group obviously (all P<0.01), content of H2S, CGRP,6-Keto-PGF1α in plasm of herbs group were higher than model group obviously (all P<0.01), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
③Expression of AQP-1mRNA、AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA:expression of AQP-1mRNA、 AQP-5mRNA、CSEmRNA in the lung tissue of herbs group were higher than model group obviously (all P<0.05), there were no statistical differences between normal group and herbs group (P>0.05).
4. Conclusion
4.1ALI rat animal model replication by intratracheal instillation of LPS was coinciding the characteristics of ALI animal models.
4.2The results of pathological changes, index of quantitative assessment, lung index, arterial blood gas analysis, lung permeation index showed that supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs have conspicuous prevention and treatment effect on ALI.
4.3The prevention and treatment mechanism of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus (huangqi) and salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) on ALI present in many way, include:①Decreasing the blood viscosity;②Restraining the releasing of endogenous NO and promoting synthesis of endogenous H2S;③Promoting synthesis and releasing of CGRP, restraining the synthesis and releasing of ET-1.④Decreasing TXA2, increasing PGI2, and maintaining the balance of TXA2/PGI2;⑤Promoting the AQP-1mRNA and AQP-5mRNA expression and synthesis in lung tissue, protecting normal fluid metabolism of lung tissue.
4.4Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the basic pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Many pathogenesis can cause lung injury, lead to lung failure in governing qi, lung qi deficiency, Zong qi insufficient, abnormal body fluid metabolism, blood movement stagnated, blood stasis, finally formed ALI. Qi deficiency is the fundamental pathogenesis of ALI, and blood stasis is the inevitable result of the further development of illness, therefore, adopt the method of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation depended on pathogenesis of qi deficiency and blood stasis, the supplementing qi and activating blood circulation herbs astragalus mongholicus and salvia miltiorrhiza can effectively prevent and treat ALI.
引文
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