微生物降低稠油粘度及抑制H_2S产生室内研究
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摘要
稠油在世界油气资源中占较大比例，但它的粘度较高，流动性差，开采难度大。微生物及其代谢产物能降低稠油粘度，使粘稠的石油较容易从井底抽出，并实现长距离输送。因此，研究用微生物降低稠油粘度意义重大。
目的：用微生物提高稠油采收率和运输效率，清除油井结蜡。方法：在对本实验室现有菌种进行性能评价的基础上得到能有效降低稠油粘度的菌株，进行不同的种子培养基碳氮源、接种量、接种时间、酸碱度、矿化度和温度下接入菌种对发酵石油降粘降凝的影响研究，然后进行正交实验确定Z_(13)、ZUO发酵培养时的培养成分浓度和培养天数，对细菌和酵母菌进行了混合配比实验，并通过模拟驱油实验，评价其提高石油采收率的效果，再通过微生物混合培养进行微生物抑制H_2S产生的研究。结果：得到降粘降凝效果较好的细菌Z_(13)、ZUO和酵母菌J_3、J_8；Z_(13)、ZUO种子液碳源分别以液蜡、石油，氮源分别以NaNO_3、NH_4NO_3时具有良好的降粘性能；两菌种发酵培养时的接种量分别为10％和15％、培养5天接种、培养温度在40℃～50℃、NaCl浓度小于10％、起始pH值在7～8时降粘效果较好；当1L液体培养基中含石油40ml，NaNO_3 2.1g，NH_4NO_3 2.1g，KH_2PO_4 5.0g，发酵培养7天时Z_(13)菌株降粘性能最佳；当1L液体培养基中含石油60ml，NaNO_3 0.7g，NH_4NO_3 0.7g，KH_2PO_4 5.0g，发酵培养6天时ZUO菌株降粘性能最佳；当细菌和酵母菌种子液体积比为4∶1时，降粘效果最好；细菌Z_(13)、ZUO驱油效果显著，其中混合菌二次采收率达到了47.3％；加入原油降粘混合菌后，SRB最大菌数由对照实验的1.6×10~9个／ml降为8.1×10~8个／ml，H_2S最大释放量由对照实验的628.5mg／l降为597.6mg／l。结论：所筛选的菌株能有效降粘降凝，通过培养条件的改变可以提高菌株的降粘降凝性能，并且有抑制H_2S产生的效果，具有良好的矿场应用前景。。
There is a big comparison for dense oil in the oil resources of world, but there is a high viscosity, bad mobility for dense oil and it is difficult to recover dense oil. Microorganisms and its metabolism outcomes can lower the dense oil viscosity, make dense oil draw out from the well bottom easilier and help dense oil transportation. Therefore, it is very important to take on a research on lowering dense oil viscosity with the microorganism.
Objective: To increase the dense oil recovery and transportation efficiency and clear oil well stops with microorganism. Methods: To get microbes that can lower dense oil viscosity effectively after proceeding function evaluation to the current microorganisms in our laboratory. Proceeding the research about the different carbon nitrogen source of seed educates, inoculating amount, inoculating time, pH, salty concentration turning an influence on oil biodegradation. Then proceed orthogonal experiment for confining composition and educating time of Zn, ZUO fermentation education and ratio experiments for bacteria and yeast and enhanced oil recovery experiments evaluating its result to increase oil recovery rate and research on repressing H2S creation. Result: Get the bacteria Z13, ZUO and the yeast J3, Jg with good effects on oil biodegradation. There is a good oil biodegradation for Zn, ZUO when carbon source of seed is liquid paraffin, rude oil and nitrogen source is NaNO3, NH4NO3. There is a good oil biodeg
radation effects with inoculation amount at 10% and 15%, educating 5 days before inoculation,educating temperature at 40C~50C, the density of NaCl less than10%,initial pH value beyond 7~8. When there are 40ml crude oil, 2.1g NaNO3, 2.1 g NH4NO3, 5.0g KH2PO4 in 1L liquid educate, educating 7 days for Z13 or 60ml crude oil, 0.7g NaNO3,0.7gNH4NO3,5.0g KH2PO4 in 1L liquid educate, educating 6 days for ZUO and bacteria compared with yeast at 4 II ,it is very good for oil biodegradati.The oil recovery rate of the mixture comes to 47.3%, SRB number variates from 1.6x109units/ml to 8.1x108units/ml and the H2S amount variates from 628.5 mg/l to 597.6 mg/l after joining the mixture. Conclusion: The microorganisms can decline dense oil viscosity effectively and have the ability to restrain H2S creation,we can increase their biodegradation function by change education condition,so they have a good applicable prospect at microbial enhanced oil recovery.
目的：用微生物提高稠油采收率和运输效率，清除油井结蜡。方法：在对本实验室现有菌种进行性能评价的基础上得到能有效降低稠油粘度的菌株，进行不同的种子培养基碳氮源、接种量、接种时间、酸碱度、矿化度和温度下接入菌种对发酵石油降粘降凝的影响研究，然后进行正交实验确定Z_(13)、ZUO发酵培养时的培养成分浓度和培养天数，对细菌和酵母菌进行了混合配比实验，并通过模拟驱油实验，评价其提高石油采收率的效果，再通过微生物混合培养进行微生物抑制H_2S产生的研究。结果：得到降粘降凝效果较好的细菌Z_(13)、ZUO和酵母菌J_3、J_8；Z_(13)、ZUO种子液碳源分别以液蜡、石油，氮源分别以NaNO_3、NH_4NO_3时具有良好的降粘性能；两菌种发酵培养时的接种量分别为10％和15％、培养5天接种、培养温度在40℃～50℃、NaCl浓度小于10％、起始pH值在7～8时降粘效果较好；当1L液体培养基中含石油40ml，NaNO_3 2.1g，NH_4NO_3 2.1g，KH_2PO_4 5.0g，发酵培养7天时Z_(13)菌株降粘性能最佳；当1L液体培养基中含石油60ml，NaNO_3 0.7g，NH_4NO_3 0.7g，KH_2PO_4 5.0g，发酵培养6天时ZUO菌株降粘性能最佳；当细菌和酵母菌种子液体积比为4∶1时，降粘效果最好；细菌Z_(13)、ZUO驱油效果显著，其中混合菌二次采收率达到了47.3％；加入原油降粘混合菌后，SRB最大菌数由对照实验的1.6×10~9个／ml降为8.1×10~8个／ml，H_2S最大释放量由对照实验的628.5mg／l降为597.6mg／l。结论：所筛选的菌株能有效降粘降凝，通过培养条件的改变可以提高菌株的降粘降凝性能，并且有抑制H_2S产生的效果，具有良好的矿场应用前景。。
There is a big comparison for dense oil in the oil resources of world, but there is a high viscosity, bad mobility for dense oil and it is difficult to recover dense oil. Microorganisms and its metabolism outcomes can lower the dense oil viscosity, make dense oil draw out from the well bottom easilier and help dense oil transportation. Therefore, it is very important to take on a research on lowering dense oil viscosity with the microorganism.
Objective: To increase the dense oil recovery and transportation efficiency and clear oil well stops with microorganism. Methods: To get microbes that can lower dense oil viscosity effectively after proceeding function evaluation to the current microorganisms in our laboratory. Proceeding the research about the different carbon nitrogen source of seed educates, inoculating amount, inoculating time, pH, salty concentration turning an influence on oil biodegradation. Then proceed orthogonal experiment for confining composition and educating time of Zn, ZUO fermentation education and ratio experiments for bacteria and yeast and enhanced oil recovery experiments evaluating its result to increase oil recovery rate and research on repressing H2S creation. Result: Get the bacteria Z13, ZUO and the yeast J3, Jg with good effects on oil biodegradation. There is a good oil biodegradation for Zn, ZUO when carbon source of seed is liquid paraffin, rude oil and nitrogen source is NaNO3, NH4NO3. There is a good oil biodeg
radation effects with inoculation amount at 10% and 15%, educating 5 days before inoculation,educating temperature at 40C~50C, the density of NaCl less than10%,initial pH value beyond 7~8. When there are 40ml crude oil, 2.1g NaNO3, 2.1 g NH4NO3, 5.0g KH2PO4 in 1L liquid educate, educating 7 days for Z13 or 60ml crude oil, 0.7g NaNO3,0.7gNH4NO3,5.0g KH2PO4 in 1L liquid educate, educating 6 days for ZUO and bacteria compared with yeast at 4 II ,it is very good for oil biodegradati.The oil recovery rate of the mixture comes to 47.3%, SRB number variates from 1.6x109units/ml to 8.1x108units/ml and the H2S amount variates from 628.5 mg/l to 597.6 mg/l after joining the mixture. Conclusion: The microorganisms can decline dense oil viscosity effectively and have the ability to restrain H2S creation,we can increase their biodegradation function by change education condition,so they have a good applicable prospect at microbial enhanced oil recovery.
引文
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