制造企业JIT采购实施与管理研究
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摘要
本文在已有研究理论的基础上,总结概括了JIT采购管理与实施的内外两方面条件,即强调供应商管理在JIT采购中的重要性的同时也强调企业内部管理对JIT采购的重要影响。
由于市场竞争的加剧,供应链的思想得到广泛认同,企业间的合作更加紧密,这给JIT采购提供了良好的外部环境,能够使制造商与供应商之间形成战略合作伙伴关系。JIT采购的特点决定了单源供应的要求,因此供应商的选择十分重要。论文中具体介绍了供应商评价标准、选择与评价方法以及战略管理等内容,为企业在供应商管理过程中提供了参考依据。
实现JIT采购的另一个条件是在制造企业要有过硬的内部管理。实现JIT采购的前提是要在企业内部实现生产的均衡化,以减少物料需求的波动性,看板控制系统是实现生产的均衡化的最佳手段,同时在企业内部要有合理的组织结构来实现采购流程的优化。论文详细介绍了建立均衡化生产模型的方法、看板控制系统原理以及组织结构方面的要求。为企业内部管理的优化提供了理论指导。
论文最后对一个具体案例进行分析,考察其采购过程中存在的问题,从供应商管理和企业内部管理两方面进行考察,提出了实现JIT采购的方案和建议。
本文将实现JIT采购看作是供应商与制造企业的共同责任,避免了采购过程中制造企业将库存责任转嫁给供应商的现象,对实现供应链环境下企业之间的共赢有重要作用。论文原理阐述与案例分析对制造企业实施JIT采购都有一定的指导作用。
Based on the existing theories, inside and outside condition has been brought forward for the realization of JIT purchase. They are the management of supplier and the management of manufacturing enterprise itself.
Because of the furious competition in the marketing environment, the idea of supply chain management has been accepted broadly. Under this condition, the supplier and manufacturer can cooperate better and tighter with each other. It’s the first condition for JIT purchase realization. The supplier evaluation criterion, selection method and strategic management have been concretely introduced in this thesis.
The other condition for realization JIT purchase is the perfect management inside the manufactory. The balanced production, which minimizes the material requirement wave, is the basic of JIT purchase. Kanban control system is a good way to carry out balanced production. In addition, the rationality of organization framework is also important for JIT purchase. The model of balanced production, the theory of Kanban control system and the reformation of organization have been shown in the thesis.
At the end of this thesis, a real case has been discussed. By analyzing the purchase process of the company, points out the problems existing from the outside and inside condition. The suggestions are given for the company to realize JIT purchase at last.
In this thesis the point is that realizing JIT purchase is the responsibility of both the supplier and manufacturer. It can prevent the manufacturer from loading the pressure of inventory on supplier. Both the theories and the case analysis make guidelines for manufacture enterprise to carry out JIT purchase.
由于市场竞争的加剧,供应链的思想得到广泛认同,企业间的合作更加紧密,这给JIT采购提供了良好的外部环境,能够使制造商与供应商之间形成战略合作伙伴关系。JIT采购的特点决定了单源供应的要求,因此供应商的选择十分重要。论文中具体介绍了供应商评价标准、选择与评价方法以及战略管理等内容,为企业在供应商管理过程中提供了参考依据。
实现JIT采购的另一个条件是在制造企业要有过硬的内部管理。实现JIT采购的前提是要在企业内部实现生产的均衡化,以减少物料需求的波动性,看板控制系统是实现生产的均衡化的最佳手段,同时在企业内部要有合理的组织结构来实现采购流程的优化。论文详细介绍了建立均衡化生产模型的方法、看板控制系统原理以及组织结构方面的要求。为企业内部管理的优化提供了理论指导。
论文最后对一个具体案例进行分析,考察其采购过程中存在的问题,从供应商管理和企业内部管理两方面进行考察,提出了实现JIT采购的方案和建议。
本文将实现JIT采购看作是供应商与制造企业的共同责任,避免了采购过程中制造企业将库存责任转嫁给供应商的现象,对实现供应链环境下企业之间的共赢有重要作用。论文原理阐述与案例分析对制造企业实施JIT采购都有一定的指导作用。
Based on the existing theories, inside and outside condition has been brought forward for the realization of JIT purchase. They are the management of supplier and the management of manufacturing enterprise itself.
Because of the furious competition in the marketing environment, the idea of supply chain management has been accepted broadly. Under this condition, the supplier and manufacturer can cooperate better and tighter with each other. It’s the first condition for JIT purchase realization. The supplier evaluation criterion, selection method and strategic management have been concretely introduced in this thesis.
The other condition for realization JIT purchase is the perfect management inside the manufactory. The balanced production, which minimizes the material requirement wave, is the basic of JIT purchase. Kanban control system is a good way to carry out balanced production. In addition, the rationality of organization framework is also important for JIT purchase. The model of balanced production, the theory of Kanban control system and the reformation of organization have been shown in the thesis.
At the end of this thesis, a real case has been discussed. By analyzing the purchase process of the company, points out the problems existing from the outside and inside condition. The suggestions are given for the company to realize JIT purchase at last.
In this thesis the point is that realizing JIT purchase is the responsibility of both the supplier and manufacturer. It can prevent the manufacturer from loading the pressure of inventory on supplier. Both the theories and the case analysis make guidelines for manufacture enterprise to carry out JIT purchase.
引文
[1](荷兰)威利著,梅绍祖,阮笑雷,巢来春译,采购与供应链管理—分析、规划及其实践,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[2]霍红,华蕊著,采购与供应链管理,北京:中国物资出版社,2005
[3](英)查理德·拉明著,高文海译, 精益供应—创新与供应商关系战略,北京:商务印书馆,2003,219~232
[4](美)福西特著,白晓娟,梁晨,王红江等译,采购供应管理环境,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[5] 李田保,采购实战精要,广州:广东经济出版社,2003
[6] 现代物流管理课题组,供应链管理,广州:广东经济出版社,2002
[7](美)罗伯特·M·蒙兹卡等著,刘秉镰,李莉,刘洋译,采购与供应链管理,北京:中信出版社,2004,1
[8]A.Gunasekaran, Just-in-time purchasing: An investigation for research and applications, Int. J. Production Economics 1999, 59: 77~84
[9]Yan Dong, JIT purchasing and performance: an exploratory analysis of buyer and supplier perspectives, Journal of Operations Management, 2001, 19: 471~483
[10]Lutfar R. Khan, An optimal batch size for a JIT manufacturing system, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2002, 42: 127~136
[15]Ronan McIvor, Lean supply: the design and cost reduction dimensions, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 2001, 7: 227~242
[16]Supplier’s pricing policy in a Just-in-Time environment, Computers & Operations Research, 2000, 27: 1357~1375
[17]Peter Kelle, Stockout risk and order splitting, Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, 71: 407~415
[18]Marc J. Schniederjans, A note on JIT purchasing vs. EOQ with a price discount: An expansion of inventory costs, Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, 65: 289~294
[19]Javier Gonzalez-Benito, Complementarities between JIT purchasing practices: An economic analysis based on transaction costs, Int. J. Production Economics, 2000, 67: 279~293
[20]陈铓,基于 JIT 的供应商选择与评估机制分析:[硕士学位论文],中南大学,2004
[21]陈春明,供应商选择评价指标体系研究,学习与探索,2005 年第 3 期:197~201
[22]赵焕成,层次分析法—一种简易的新决策方法[M],科学出版社,1986,1~23
[23]王明涛,多指标综合评价中权系数确定的一种综合方法[J],系统工程,1999,(3),56~61
[24]朱道立,物流和供应链管理[M],复旦大学出版社,2001,1~54
[25]董志林,基于 DEA 的供应商评价与竞争力分析的理论及应用[M],天津:天津大学出版社,1999,205~255
[26]朱孔来,评价指标的非线性无量纲模糊处理方法[J],系统工程,1996,(11),58~62
[27]刘燕雯,潘尔顺,TOPSIS 法在供应商评估中的应用,工业工程管理,2004年增刊,1~5
[28]孙元欣,供应链管理原理[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[29]张哲辉,杨冬供,供应链合作伙伴选择问题研究[J],物流技术,2004,(2):62~63
[30]绍晓峰,季建华,黄培清,供应链中供应商选择方法的研究[J],2001,18(8):80~83
[31]陈志祥,马士华,供应链中的企业合作关系[J],南开管理评论,2001,(2): 56~59
[32]周岚,朱伟,李丹,战略供应商关系,中国企业如何管理[N],21 世纪经济报道,2003,10,23
[33]余化良,战略联盟中的竞争与合作[J],经济管理,2004,(1):48~51
[34]Lee, H L, The value of information sharing in a two-level supply chain[J], Management science, 2000,5
[35]Zhenxin Yu, Hongyan and T.C Edwin Cheng, Benefits of information sharing with supply chain partnerships[J], Industrial management & date systems, 2001,3
[36]刘丽文,生产与运作管理,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,6
[37](美)杰弗里著,李芳龄译,丰田汽车案例——精益制造的 14 项管理原则,北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004,11
[38]刘兆惠,JIT 生产方式混流生产线投产排序研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林;吉林大学,2004
[39]G J Miltenburg, A theoretical basis for scheduling mixed-model production lines[J], Management Science, 1989, 35: 192~207
[40]Chase R B, Aquilano N J, Jacobs F R, Production and operation management manufacturing and service( 8th Edition)[M], Mc Graw Hill Companies, 1998, 1~407
[41]孙新宇,万籁宁,孙林岩,蚁群算法在轮流装配线调度问题中的应用[J],信息与控制,2002 年 12 月,第 31 卷第 6 期,486~490
[42]赵晓波,周兆英,混合车型组装线的投入顺序问题[J],中国机械工程,1998,9(3):28~31
[43]Tugrul Korkmazel, Sedef Meral, Bicriteria sequencing methods for the mixed-model assembly line in just-in-time production systems[J], European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 131: 188~207
[44]Mingzhou Jin, S David Wu, A new heuristic method for mixed model assembly line balancing problem[J], Computer & Industrial Engineering, 2002, 44: 159~169
[45]徐贤浩,马士华,顾客化大量生产模式的计划平准化问题的研究[J],武汉汽车工业大学学报,2000 年 6 月,第 22 卷第 3 期:73~76
[46]徐贤浩,马士华,基于顾客化大量生产模式的计划平准化模型[J],武汉汽车工业大学学报,2000 年 10 月,第 22 卷,第 5 期:73~76
[47]倪伟英,杨光薰,JIT 最终装配计划中投产顺序的研究[J],中国机械工程,2002 年 4 月,第 13 卷,第 7 期:589~591
[48]何桢,齐二石,杨永德,一般作业车间零件排序方法研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1996 年 12 月,第 12 期:11~16
[49]龚国华,生产与运营管理,上海:复旦大学出版社,1998
[50]江临,由蕾等,扁平化组织与网络化沟通,河南大学学报,2002(7):73~75
[51]桑强,以流程再造为中心的组织创新,经济管理,2002(11):35~37
[2]霍红,华蕊著,采购与供应链管理,北京:中国物资出版社,2005
[3](英)查理德·拉明著,高文海译, 精益供应—创新与供应商关系战略,北京:商务印书馆,2003,219~232
[4](美)福西特著,白晓娟,梁晨,王红江等译,采购供应管理环境,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[5] 李田保,采购实战精要,广州:广东经济出版社,2003
[6] 现代物流管理课题组,供应链管理,广州:广东经济出版社,2002
[7](美)罗伯特·M·蒙兹卡等著,刘秉镰,李莉,刘洋译,采购与供应链管理,北京:中信出版社,2004,1
[8]A.Gunasekaran, Just-in-time purchasing: An investigation for research and applications, Int. J. Production Economics 1999, 59: 77~84
[9]Yan Dong, JIT purchasing and performance: an exploratory analysis of buyer and supplier perspectives, Journal of Operations Management, 2001, 19: 471~483
[10]Lutfar R. Khan, An optimal batch size for a JIT manufacturing system, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2002, 42: 127~136
[15]Ronan McIvor, Lean supply: the design and cost reduction dimensions, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 2001, 7: 227~242
[16]Supplier’s pricing policy in a Just-in-Time environment, Computers & Operations Research, 2000, 27: 1357~1375
[17]Peter Kelle, Stockout risk and order splitting, Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, 71: 407~415
[18]Marc J. Schniederjans, A note on JIT purchasing vs. EOQ with a price discount: An expansion of inventory costs, Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, 65: 289~294
[19]Javier Gonzalez-Benito, Complementarities between JIT purchasing practices: An economic analysis based on transaction costs, Int. J. Production Economics, 2000, 67: 279~293
[20]陈铓,基于 JIT 的供应商选择与评估机制分析:[硕士学位论文],中南大学,2004
[21]陈春明,供应商选择评价指标体系研究,学习与探索,2005 年第 3 期:197~201
[22]赵焕成,层次分析法—一种简易的新决策方法[M],科学出版社,1986,1~23
[23]王明涛,多指标综合评价中权系数确定的一种综合方法[J],系统工程,1999,(3),56~61
[24]朱道立,物流和供应链管理[M],复旦大学出版社,2001,1~54
[25]董志林,基于 DEA 的供应商评价与竞争力分析的理论及应用[M],天津:天津大学出版社,1999,205~255
[26]朱孔来,评价指标的非线性无量纲模糊处理方法[J],系统工程,1996,(11),58~62
[27]刘燕雯,潘尔顺,TOPSIS 法在供应商评估中的应用,工业工程管理,2004年增刊,1~5
[28]孙元欣,供应链管理原理[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
[29]张哲辉,杨冬供,供应链合作伙伴选择问题研究[J],物流技术,2004,(2):62~63
[30]绍晓峰,季建华,黄培清,供应链中供应商选择方法的研究[J],2001,18(8):80~83
[31]陈志祥,马士华,供应链中的企业合作关系[J],南开管理评论,2001,(2): 56~59
[32]周岚,朱伟,李丹,战略供应商关系,中国企业如何管理[N],21 世纪经济报道,2003,10,23
[33]余化良,战略联盟中的竞争与合作[J],经济管理,2004,(1):48~51
[34]Lee, H L, The value of information sharing in a two-level supply chain[J], Management science, 2000,5
[35]Zhenxin Yu, Hongyan and T.C Edwin Cheng, Benefits of information sharing with supply chain partnerships[J], Industrial management & date systems, 2001,3
[36]刘丽文,生产与运作管理,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,6
[37](美)杰弗里著,李芳龄译,丰田汽车案例——精益制造的 14 项管理原则,北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004,11
[38]刘兆惠,JIT 生产方式混流生产线投产排序研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林;吉林大学,2004
[39]G J Miltenburg, A theoretical basis for scheduling mixed-model production lines[J], Management Science, 1989, 35: 192~207
[40]Chase R B, Aquilano N J, Jacobs F R, Production and operation management manufacturing and service( 8th Edition)[M], Mc Graw Hill Companies, 1998, 1~407
[41]孙新宇,万籁宁,孙林岩,蚁群算法在轮流装配线调度问题中的应用[J],信息与控制,2002 年 12 月,第 31 卷第 6 期,486~490
[42]赵晓波,周兆英,混合车型组装线的投入顺序问题[J],中国机械工程,1998,9(3):28~31
[43]Tugrul Korkmazel, Sedef Meral, Bicriteria sequencing methods for the mixed-model assembly line in just-in-time production systems[J], European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 131: 188~207
[44]Mingzhou Jin, S David Wu, A new heuristic method for mixed model assembly line balancing problem[J], Computer & Industrial Engineering, 2002, 44: 159~169
[45]徐贤浩,马士华,顾客化大量生产模式的计划平准化问题的研究[J],武汉汽车工业大学学报,2000 年 6 月,第 22 卷第 3 期:73~76
[46]徐贤浩,马士华,基于顾客化大量生产模式的计划平准化模型[J],武汉汽车工业大学学报,2000 年 10 月,第 22 卷,第 5 期:73~76
[47]倪伟英,杨光薰,JIT 最终装配计划中投产顺序的研究[J],中国机械工程,2002 年 4 月,第 13 卷,第 7 期:589~591
[48]何桢,齐二石,杨永德,一般作业车间零件排序方法研究[J],系统工程理论与实践,1996 年 12 月,第 12 期:11~16
[49]龚国华,生产与运营管理,上海:复旦大学出版社,1998
[50]江临,由蕾等,扁平化组织与网络化沟通,河南大学学报,2002(7):73~75
[51]桑强,以流程再造为中心的组织创新,经济管理,2002(11):35~37