隔声屏障结构声学模拟、设计与性能优化应用研究
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摘要
随着我国车辆的急剧增加和道路交通的快速发展,道路噪声影响日益严重,提高隔声屏障降噪性能的研究成为重点。利用仿真模拟软件RAYNOISE对声屏障T形和Y形顶部结构及多重楔形屏体结构的降噪效果进行了研究。确定了T形和Y形顶部结构各自的适用范围;研究了三种结构添加实用的吸声材料对降噪效果的影响。用隔声室对中空铝塑复合板的隔声性能进行了测试,用驻波管法对泡沫铝及相应结构的隔声吸声性能进行了研究。根据模拟结果设计了渐变腔T形顶部结构加多重楔形组合的声屏障并在京秦高速公路进行了工程实践。
仿真模拟结果显示:多重楔形结构相对于直立形声屏障具有较好的降噪效果。如:在屏障后距离30m、高度2m处具有14.5dB的插入损失,在相同位置处比直立形声屏障的插入损失大4.3dB。屏体上部的半多重楔形和整个屏体的多重楔形具有相同的降噪效果,该新发现为简化屏体设计提供了依据。
模拟结果显示:Y形分叉型顶部结构在声影区较高高度具有较好的降噪效果。在屏障后50m距离、高度20m的插入损失仍能达到3.4dB,比直立形高出3.2dB,适合用于防治高度较高的噪声敏感点噪声。而T形圆弧形顶部结构在屏障后低于2m区域有较好的降噪效果,在此区域插入损失比直立形高出1.7~2.4dB,适用于屏障后较低区域的噪声敏感点。模拟结果显示,附加吸声材料的三种结构不能改善声屏障后的降噪效果。
模拟结果显示:多重楔形结构和T形圆弧型顶部结构组合的声屏障在高度低于2m区域的降噪效果得到明显提高,比单独应用多重楔形与T形圆弧形结构分别高出2.4dB和4.6dB,可能是T形圆弧型顶部结构减少了顶部绕射声向底部区域的传播。
隔声室测试结果显示,中空铝塑复合板在低频表现出较好的隔声性能,达到25dB以上。驻波管法对泡沫铝进行测试,结果具有较好的吸声性能,当空腔深度增加时吸声系数峰值向低频移动,在空腔深度为125mm时,吸收峰值频率移动到500Hz,与交通噪声的频率一致,吸收频带变宽,吸声系数可达到0.94。两种材料具有良好的隔声、吸声性能,适用于隔声屏障建设。
按照模拟结果结合噪声环境现状设计了渐变腔T型弧形顶部结构并应用于高速公路。这种结构空腔深度为70mm~140mm,空腔截面逐渐变化,具有吸收低频及宽频带噪声的特点,可以更好吸收顶部绕射声。设计了T形圆弧形顶部结构与半多重楔形结构的组合屏体,在京秦高速公路建设了高度3m,长度380m的声屏障。实测显示声屏障在20m时实测插入损失达到10.9dB,与报道的类似测试位置高度为4m的声屏障降噪效果一致。对声屏障实测降噪效果与仿真模拟结果进行了比较,实测结果与模拟结果具有相同的变化规律。模拟结果与实测结果相比偏高,原因可能是模拟假设声源条件与实际有差异、背景噪声、屏障漏声等因素。
Traffic noise is becoming serious with the rapid increase of roads and vehicles. Improving the performance of noise barrier is more and more important. Reducing effect of noise barrier with T-shaped, Y-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was studied by noise simulating program—RAYNOISE. The applied range of the T-shaped and Y-shaped top structure was confirmed. The performance of three structures covering sound absorbent material was studied. The performance of new sound insulating material—hollow plastic-aluminum board and new sound adsorbing material—foam aluminum, was studied in laboratory. The noise barrier with T-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was designed and built at JingQin highway according to the simulating results.
The simulating results showed that the multi-triangle structure is more effective, compared with simple erective noise barrier. The insertion loss is 14.5dB behind the noise barrier at 2m high and 30m far, and the additional insertion loss is 4.3dB higher than that of the erective noise barrier. The half multi-triangle and multi-triangle structures have the same effect on the noise reduction, which can guide the design of barrier’s structure.
Simulating results showed that insertion loss of Y-shaped structure has good reducing effect at higher area of the shadow area. The insertion loss is 3.4dB at the receiving point 20 height and 50m far behind the noise barrier, which is 3.2dB higher than the erective noise barrier. So it is suitable for higher receiving point. T-shaped structure has a good reducing noise effect at the area lower than 2m behind the noise barrier. The insertion loss is between 1.7 and 2.4dB higher than that of the erective noise barrier. So it is suitable for low area behind the noise barrier. Simulating results showed that sound absorbent material covered on the multi-triangle structure, T-shaped and Y-shaped top structure is no effective to improving the performance of noise barrier.
Simulating results on combination of multi-triangle structure and T-shaped top structure showed that the sound reduction is obvious at area lower than 2m behind the barrier. The additional insertion loss is 2.4dB and 4.6dB to the multi-triangle and the T-shaped top structure, respectively. The reason maybe is the T-shaped structure reduced the diffraction of the noise over the top edge.
Sound insulation performance of the plastic-aluminum hallow board was measured in sound insulation chamber. It is showed that the material has good sound insulating performance at low frequency. The sound insulation is over 25dB at low frequency. The sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing material—aluminum foam was measured by standing wave tube, it is showed that the absorbing frequency peak moved to low frequency with the depth of the cavity increasing. The absorbing frequency peak moved to 500Hz when the depth of the cavity is 125mm, and the absorbing frequency brand become wider. The two new materials are suitable for noise barrier.
According to the simulating results and the noise environment, the gradual changing cavity T-shaped top structure was designed and built at highway. The cavity depth of the structure changed gradually from 70mm to 140mm. The structure has wide frequency range and low frequency absorbing characteristic, can be useful to absorb the diffracting sound over the top structure. A 380m length and 3m height noise barrier with T-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was designed and built at Jing-Qin highway. The insertion loss measured in field was 10.4dB, 20m behind the barrier, has the same effect with the reported 4m height noise barrier. The results showed that the insertion loss measured in the sound field is lower than the simulating results. The reason maybe is the difference of the real sound source and the simulating sound source, the background noise, the leak of noise.
仿真模拟结果显示:多重楔形结构相对于直立形声屏障具有较好的降噪效果。如:在屏障后距离30m、高度2m处具有14.5dB的插入损失,在相同位置处比直立形声屏障的插入损失大4.3dB。屏体上部的半多重楔形和整个屏体的多重楔形具有相同的降噪效果,该新发现为简化屏体设计提供了依据。
模拟结果显示:Y形分叉型顶部结构在声影区较高高度具有较好的降噪效果。在屏障后50m距离、高度20m的插入损失仍能达到3.4dB,比直立形高出3.2dB,适合用于防治高度较高的噪声敏感点噪声。而T形圆弧形顶部结构在屏障后低于2m区域有较好的降噪效果,在此区域插入损失比直立形高出1.7~2.4dB,适用于屏障后较低区域的噪声敏感点。模拟结果显示,附加吸声材料的三种结构不能改善声屏障后的降噪效果。
模拟结果显示:多重楔形结构和T形圆弧型顶部结构组合的声屏障在高度低于2m区域的降噪效果得到明显提高,比单独应用多重楔形与T形圆弧形结构分别高出2.4dB和4.6dB,可能是T形圆弧型顶部结构减少了顶部绕射声向底部区域的传播。
隔声室测试结果显示,中空铝塑复合板在低频表现出较好的隔声性能,达到25dB以上。驻波管法对泡沫铝进行测试,结果具有较好的吸声性能,当空腔深度增加时吸声系数峰值向低频移动,在空腔深度为125mm时,吸收峰值频率移动到500Hz,与交通噪声的频率一致,吸收频带变宽,吸声系数可达到0.94。两种材料具有良好的隔声、吸声性能,适用于隔声屏障建设。
按照模拟结果结合噪声环境现状设计了渐变腔T型弧形顶部结构并应用于高速公路。这种结构空腔深度为70mm~140mm,空腔截面逐渐变化,具有吸收低频及宽频带噪声的特点,可以更好吸收顶部绕射声。设计了T形圆弧形顶部结构与半多重楔形结构的组合屏体,在京秦高速公路建设了高度3m,长度380m的声屏障。实测显示声屏障在20m时实测插入损失达到10.9dB,与报道的类似测试位置高度为4m的声屏障降噪效果一致。对声屏障实测降噪效果与仿真模拟结果进行了比较,实测结果与模拟结果具有相同的变化规律。模拟结果与实测结果相比偏高,原因可能是模拟假设声源条件与实际有差异、背景噪声、屏障漏声等因素。
Traffic noise is becoming serious with the rapid increase of roads and vehicles. Improving the performance of noise barrier is more and more important. Reducing effect of noise barrier with T-shaped, Y-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was studied by noise simulating program—RAYNOISE. The applied range of the T-shaped and Y-shaped top structure was confirmed. The performance of three structures covering sound absorbent material was studied. The performance of new sound insulating material—hollow plastic-aluminum board and new sound adsorbing material—foam aluminum, was studied in laboratory. The noise barrier with T-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was designed and built at JingQin highway according to the simulating results.
The simulating results showed that the multi-triangle structure is more effective, compared with simple erective noise barrier. The insertion loss is 14.5dB behind the noise barrier at 2m high and 30m far, and the additional insertion loss is 4.3dB higher than that of the erective noise barrier. The half multi-triangle and multi-triangle structures have the same effect on the noise reduction, which can guide the design of barrier’s structure.
Simulating results showed that insertion loss of Y-shaped structure has good reducing effect at higher area of the shadow area. The insertion loss is 3.4dB at the receiving point 20 height and 50m far behind the noise barrier, which is 3.2dB higher than the erective noise barrier. So it is suitable for higher receiving point. T-shaped structure has a good reducing noise effect at the area lower than 2m behind the noise barrier. The insertion loss is between 1.7 and 2.4dB higher than that of the erective noise barrier. So it is suitable for low area behind the noise barrier. Simulating results showed that sound absorbent material covered on the multi-triangle structure, T-shaped and Y-shaped top structure is no effective to improving the performance of noise barrier.
Simulating results on combination of multi-triangle structure and T-shaped top structure showed that the sound reduction is obvious at area lower than 2m behind the barrier. The additional insertion loss is 2.4dB and 4.6dB to the multi-triangle and the T-shaped top structure, respectively. The reason maybe is the T-shaped structure reduced the diffraction of the noise over the top edge.
Sound insulation performance of the plastic-aluminum hallow board was measured in sound insulation chamber. It is showed that the material has good sound insulating performance at low frequency. The sound insulation is over 25dB at low frequency. The sound absorbing performance of the sound absorbing material—aluminum foam was measured by standing wave tube, it is showed that the absorbing frequency peak moved to low frequency with the depth of the cavity increasing. The absorbing frequency peak moved to 500Hz when the depth of the cavity is 125mm, and the absorbing frequency brand become wider. The two new materials are suitable for noise barrier.
According to the simulating results and the noise environment, the gradual changing cavity T-shaped top structure was designed and built at highway. The cavity depth of the structure changed gradually from 70mm to 140mm. The structure has wide frequency range and low frequency absorbing characteristic, can be useful to absorb the diffracting sound over the top structure. A 380m length and 3m height noise barrier with T-shaped top structure and multi-triangle structure was designed and built at Jing-Qin highway. The insertion loss measured in field was 10.4dB, 20m behind the barrier, has the same effect with the reported 4m height noise barrier. The results showed that the insertion loss measured in the sound field is lower than the simulating results. The reason maybe is the difference of the real sound source and the simulating sound source, the background noise, the leak of noise.
引文
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