面向物联网和光纤传感技术的桥梁安全监测技术研究与应用
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摘要
物联网的核心内容之一是负责信息获取的传感器网络,它是信息的源头,是物联网技术的先导和重要基础设施。随着全球信息化和现代通讯技术的迅猛发展,传统的感测技术已难以满足现代多元化的测试需求,近十年,光纤传感技术在全球已引起高度重视,并得到了迅速发展。光纤传感安全监测物联网技术的应用领域十分广泛。对于恶劣、危险、干扰大的环境,及需远程遥测的大型工程与重要设施,光纤传感安全监测物联网具有独特的优点。桥梁是交通领域的重要命脉,目前影响桥梁安全的灾难性事故在国内外时有发生。因此,桥梁物联网安全监测具有重大意义。本文围绕桥梁结构对光纤物联网技术的应用,开展了以下方面的研究工作：
(一)总结归纳了既有桥梁安全监测技术特点
1.归纳了既有桥梁安全监测技术的设计原则,主要构成,系统涉及的主要工作内容,明确了既有桥梁安全监测系统在传感技术可靠性,传感网络健全性及专家系统处于起步阶段的现状及不足；
2.从应用的角度结合工程实际,给出了两座不同类型,监测需求,监测规模的既有桥梁安全监测系统的运行介绍。
(二)提出了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测的技术要求
1.提出了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测应实现传感单元智能性,监测系统联网性,决策评价主动性的技术需求。
2.明确了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统有关数据采集传输,处理控制的设计要求及实现方式,针对物联网联网需求及远程访问功能分析了客户端／浏览器的实现方式。
(三)研发了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测新技术
1.对大跨度桥梁的重要承载构件缆索,在既有研究成果的基础上,克服了传感器的安装工艺,实现了适应索工作量程的可调式封装结构,成功研发了基于光纤传感技术的满足物联网传感单元智能性要求的光纤光栅智能索,并将其首次用于实际大桥工程。
2.对于连续梁预应力损失监测,设计了定制的三光栅结构形式,提出了对钢束预应力损失开展监测的实施工艺,并计算分析了此工艺下测试结果的可靠
(四)实现了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统应用示范1.通过将以光纤传感技术为主的单一大跨度桥梁安全监测系统与互联网相结合,构建了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统。应用示范天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥安全监测系统,实现了结构应变、温度场,大桥现场视频等信息的远程查看和监控。
2.多座采用光纤传感技术的桥梁安全监测系统接入互联网的模式,实现了桥梁群概念的光纤物联网桥梁安全监测新模式。
Sensors network that resoposible for the information acquisition is one of the core things of Internet of Things (IOT). As the information source, sensors network is the pilot and important infrasturcutre of the IOT technology. With the rapid deveoplment of the global information and modern communication technology, it's difficult for the traditional sensor technology to meet the diversity of test requirement in the world of today. In recent ten years, the optical fiber sensing (OFS) technology has already caught worldwide attention and has been developed rapidly. The safety monitoring technology based on IOT and OFS has widely application fields, which has special advantage for the large engineering and important facilities to process remote telemetry in bad, dangerous, interference environment. Bridge is the important lifeblood of the transportation field. The disastrous bridge collapse accidents often occur at home and abroad. Therefore, it's significant to carry out bridge safey monitoring based on IOT and OFS. Focusing on the technology application about IOT and OFS in the bridge strucutrue, this paper carried out the following research work:
(i) Summarized the existing bridge safety monitoring technology characteristers
1. Summarized the design principle, main composition, and work content of existing bridge safety monitoring technology. The status quo and shortcomings in reliability of sensing technology, maturity and robustness of sensing network and the initial stage level of expert system were pointed out.
2. From the view of the engineering application, the operation status of two existing bridge safety monitoring systems which had some differences in type, requirement and scale were introduced.
(ii) Put forward the bridge safety monitoring technology requirement based on IOT and OFS
1. The technology requirements of bridge safety monitoring system based on IOT and OFS were elicited, namely intelligent sensor unit, networking of monitoring system and initiative in decision making and evaluation.
2. The design and realization manner about data acquisition, data transmission and processing control of bridge safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS were elicited. Also the framework of browser/client serving for the remote access functional requirement was analyzed.
(ⅲ) Developed the new technology about bridge safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS
1. Cable is the most important bearing structure of large span bridge. Based on the existing research results, the sensor installation method was overcome and an adjustable range encapsulation structure was designed which made the study about smart cable come true successfully. And the designed smart cable using OFS technology met the intelligent sensor unit requirement of IOT and has been used in real bridge engineering for the first time.
2. For continuous beam prestress losing monitoring, a customization fiber with three optical fiber Bragg grating was designed and the corresponding test implementation art for prestressed steel wire was proposed. Also the test result reliability based on the proposed art was caculated and analyzed.
(ⅳ) Realize the application demonstration of bridge safety monitoring system based on IOT and OFS
1. By combining the OFS-based single bridge safety monitoring system with internet, a bridge safety monitoring system with IOT and OFS concept was set up. The application demonstration engineering, namely, Tian Xingzhou Yangtze River bridge safety monitoring system realized the remote manage and control about structural strain, temperature field, and video information of bridge work field etc.
2. The mode that linking multiple OFS-based bridge safety monitoring systems with internet, realized the bridge complex concept safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS technology.
(一)总结归纳了既有桥梁安全监测技术特点
1.归纳了既有桥梁安全监测技术的设计原则,主要构成,系统涉及的主要工作内容,明确了既有桥梁安全监测系统在传感技术可靠性,传感网络健全性及专家系统处于起步阶段的现状及不足；
2.从应用的角度结合工程实际,给出了两座不同类型,监测需求,监测规模的既有桥梁安全监测系统的运行介绍。
(二)提出了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测的技术要求
1.提出了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测应实现传感单元智能性,监测系统联网性,决策评价主动性的技术需求。
2.明确了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统有关数据采集传输,处理控制的设计要求及实现方式,针对物联网联网需求及远程访问功能分析了客户端／浏览器的实现方式。
(三)研发了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测新技术
1.对大跨度桥梁的重要承载构件缆索,在既有研究成果的基础上,克服了传感器的安装工艺,实现了适应索工作量程的可调式封装结构,成功研发了基于光纤传感技术的满足物联网传感单元智能性要求的光纤光栅智能索,并将其首次用于实际大桥工程。
2.对于连续梁预应力损失监测,设计了定制的三光栅结构形式,提出了对钢束预应力损失开展监测的实施工艺,并计算分析了此工艺下测试结果的可靠
(四)实现了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统应用示范1.通过将以光纤传感技术为主的单一大跨度桥梁安全监测系统与互联网相结合,构建了光纤物联网桥梁安全监测系统。应用示范天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥安全监测系统,实现了结构应变、温度场,大桥现场视频等信息的远程查看和监控。
2.多座采用光纤传感技术的桥梁安全监测系统接入互联网的模式,实现了桥梁群概念的光纤物联网桥梁安全监测新模式。
Sensors network that resoposible for the information acquisition is one of the core things of Internet of Things (IOT). As the information source, sensors network is the pilot and important infrasturcutre of the IOT technology. With the rapid deveoplment of the global information and modern communication technology, it's difficult for the traditional sensor technology to meet the diversity of test requirement in the world of today. In recent ten years, the optical fiber sensing (OFS) technology has already caught worldwide attention and has been developed rapidly. The safety monitoring technology based on IOT and OFS has widely application fields, which has special advantage for the large engineering and important facilities to process remote telemetry in bad, dangerous, interference environment. Bridge is the important lifeblood of the transportation field. The disastrous bridge collapse accidents often occur at home and abroad. Therefore, it's significant to carry out bridge safey monitoring based on IOT and OFS. Focusing on the technology application about IOT and OFS in the bridge strucutrue, this paper carried out the following research work:
(i) Summarized the existing bridge safety monitoring technology characteristers
1. Summarized the design principle, main composition, and work content of existing bridge safety monitoring technology. The status quo and shortcomings in reliability of sensing technology, maturity and robustness of sensing network and the initial stage level of expert system were pointed out.
2. From the view of the engineering application, the operation status of two existing bridge safety monitoring systems which had some differences in type, requirement and scale were introduced.
(ii) Put forward the bridge safety monitoring technology requirement based on IOT and OFS
1. The technology requirements of bridge safety monitoring system based on IOT and OFS were elicited, namely intelligent sensor unit, networking of monitoring system and initiative in decision making and evaluation.
2. The design and realization manner about data acquisition, data transmission and processing control of bridge safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS were elicited. Also the framework of browser/client serving for the remote access functional requirement was analyzed.
(ⅲ) Developed the new technology about bridge safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS
1. Cable is the most important bearing structure of large span bridge. Based on the existing research results, the sensor installation method was overcome and an adjustable range encapsulation structure was designed which made the study about smart cable come true successfully. And the designed smart cable using OFS technology met the intelligent sensor unit requirement of IOT and has been used in real bridge engineering for the first time.
2. For continuous beam prestress losing monitoring, a customization fiber with three optical fiber Bragg grating was designed and the corresponding test implementation art for prestressed steel wire was proposed. Also the test result reliability based on the proposed art was caculated and analyzed.
(ⅳ) Realize the application demonstration of bridge safety monitoring system based on IOT and OFS
1. By combining the OFS-based single bridge safety monitoring system with internet, a bridge safety monitoring system with IOT and OFS concept was set up. The application demonstration engineering, namely, Tian Xingzhou Yangtze River bridge safety monitoring system realized the remote manage and control about structural strain, temperature field, and video information of bridge work field etc.
2. The mode that linking multiple OFS-based bridge safety monitoring systems with internet, realized the bridge complex concept safety monitoring based on IOT and OFS technology.
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