土工三轴实验仪控制系统的设计与实现
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摘要
土工三轴实验仪是一种模拟土体在土层中承受荷载环境的仪器,使用此仪器进行的土工三轴压缩试验是测定土体抗剪强度的一种方法。土体抗剪强度直接反映了土体承受荷载的能力,因此抗剪强度测定得是否准确,密切关系到建筑物地基是否稳定。由于国内试验机产业起步较晚,自动化程度不高,操作繁杂,试验精度已无法满足日益提高的需求。
论文阐述了土体强度参数的求取原理,引出了土工三轴实验仪的结构设计以及试验方法。基于试验需求,设计了一个土工三轴实验仪控制系统。由控制系统自动控制土工三轴实验仪试验,提高了试验的自动化程度及试验控制精度,获取更为准确的试验数据以计算土体强度参数。控制系统采用了基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的参数自整定变参数PID控制,克服了传统PID算法在土体大跨度加载这样一个复杂的非线性控制过程中,由于控制参数固定,导致自适应能力较差的问题,使控制系统能够对PID参数白调节,提高控制系统的自适应能力。
控制系统的硬件以DSP为核心,以交流伺服系统为控制执行机构,用测量放大器及16位A/D转换器构成反馈通道。软件设计以参数自整定PID控制为核心,利用此控制系统完成了现场应力路径试验,验证了土工三轴实验仪控制系统的可行性和有效性,并对控制系统的使用做了介绍,对其设计做了总结分析。
Soil triaxial apparatus is used to simulate bearing load of soil in the ground. Triaxial compression test is a method of determining shear strength of soil using soil triaxial apparatus. Because shear strength directly reflects the capacity of soil bearing load, the shear strength in the accuracy closely relates to the stability of the building foundation. The test precision has been unable to meet the increasing demand due to the late start of domestic industry of testing machine, the low degree of automation and the complex operation.
According to the principle of determining shear strength of soil, the structure design of apparatus and test methods are introduced in the paper. Because of the experiment needs, a control system is designed to control soil triaxial apparatus finishing test. The automation and accuracy of test is improved, and more accurate data is accessed to calculate the shear strength. Because the large span of soil loading is a complex nonlinear control process, in which parameters of traditional PID control are fixed, the adaptive capacity of control system is poor. The varying parameters PID algorithm is employed in the control system. Based on Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) algorithm, its parameters are self-tuned to improve the adaptive ability of control system.
DSP is the core of hardware design of control system. The implementing agency of control is an AC servo system. The feedback channel is composed of the measurement amplifier and 16-bit A / D converter. The self-tuning PID control is the core of software design of control system. Feasibility and validity of the control system are proved in the stress path test. Finally, the use of the control system is introduced, and the design of it is analysed.
论文阐述了土体强度参数的求取原理,引出了土工三轴实验仪的结构设计以及试验方法。基于试验需求,设计了一个土工三轴实验仪控制系统。由控制系统自动控制土工三轴实验仪试验,提高了试验的自动化程度及试验控制精度,获取更为准确的试验数据以计算土体强度参数。控制系统采用了基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的参数自整定变参数PID控制,克服了传统PID算法在土体大跨度加载这样一个复杂的非线性控制过程中,由于控制参数固定,导致自适应能力较差的问题,使控制系统能够对PID参数白调节,提高控制系统的自适应能力。
控制系统的硬件以DSP为核心,以交流伺服系统为控制执行机构,用测量放大器及16位A/D转换器构成反馈通道。软件设计以参数自整定PID控制为核心,利用此控制系统完成了现场应力路径试验,验证了土工三轴实验仪控制系统的可行性和有效性,并对控制系统的使用做了介绍,对其设计做了总结分析。
Soil triaxial apparatus is used to simulate bearing load of soil in the ground. Triaxial compression test is a method of determining shear strength of soil using soil triaxial apparatus. Because shear strength directly reflects the capacity of soil bearing load, the shear strength in the accuracy closely relates to the stability of the building foundation. The test precision has been unable to meet the increasing demand due to the late start of domestic industry of testing machine, the low degree of automation and the complex operation.
According to the principle of determining shear strength of soil, the structure design of apparatus and test methods are introduced in the paper. Because of the experiment needs, a control system is designed to control soil triaxial apparatus finishing test. The automation and accuracy of test is improved, and more accurate data is accessed to calculate the shear strength. Because the large span of soil loading is a complex nonlinear control process, in which parameters of traditional PID control are fixed, the adaptive capacity of control system is poor. The varying parameters PID algorithm is employed in the control system. Based on Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) algorithm, its parameters are self-tuned to improve the adaptive ability of control system.
DSP is the core of hardware design of control system. The implementing agency of control is an AC servo system. The feedback channel is composed of the measurement amplifier and 16-bit A / D converter. The self-tuning PID control is the core of software design of control system. Feasibility and validity of the control system are proved in the stress path test. Finally, the use of the control system is introduced, and the design of it is analysed.
引文
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[3]杨熙章.土工试验与原理.上海:同济大学出版社,1993
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[17]方红庆,沈祖诒.基于改进粒子群算法的水轮发电机组PID调速器参数优化. 中国电机工程学报,2005,25(22):120-124
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[21]韩莹,张安年,丁喆,等.基于DSP的无刷直流电机位置伺服系统设计研究.微电机,2006,39(9):64-66
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[23]Kao C C,Chuang C W,Fung R F.The self-tuning PID control in a slider-crank mechanism system by applying particle swarm optimization approach.Mechatronics,2006,16(8):513-522
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[25]李叶松,宋军,吴钦木,等.数字化永磁同步电动机伺服系统分析与设计.微电机,2007,40(9):49-53
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[27]Cunningham M R,Ridley A M,Dineen K,et al.The mechanical behaviour of a reconstituted unsaturated silty clay.Geotechnique,2003,2:183-194
[28]夏长亮,刘丹,王迎发,等.基于模糊规则的无刷直流电机免疫PID控制.电工技术学报,2007,22(9):68-73
[29]庄凯,廖勇.基于DSP的永磁无刷直流电机控制系统设计.微电机,2007,40(2):55-57
[30]范金鑫,张承宁.基于TMS320F2812永磁同步电动机系统设计.微电机,2007,40(5):91-93
[31]许贤泽,章爱清,徐余波,等.高精度直流伺服电机的数字控制系统研究.武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(2):59-62
[32]马秀坤,马学军.基于DSP的无刷直流电机智能控制系统研究.DSP开发与 应用,2007,23(2-2):174-176
[33]陈湘令,张莹.基于DSP的永磁无刷直流电机数字控制系统.控制系统,2007,23(5-1):5,38,39
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