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中扬子地区寒武系层序地层研究
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摘要
本论文通过对中扬子地区寒武纪地层剖面和层序地层特征的描述,结合其它层系野外层序界面特征,总结了野外易于识别的八种层序界面标识,即古风化壳、溶洞塌积岩、膏溶角砾岩、河流回春、斜坡角砾岩、鸟眼窗孔构造、渣状层、台地上冲蚀水道沉积。这些层序界面标识皆有剖面实证,既典型又直观。
     结合区域资料,对中扬子地区二级层序(超层序)和三级层序(沉积层序)进行了层序对比,编制了以二级层序体系域为单元的寒武系层序岩相古地理图4张,阐述了各单元岩相古地理横向展布特征及岩相古地理纵向演化特征。
     通过对各三级层序体系域沉积厚度分析研究,提出了三种层序结构类型和层序系数的构想,即海侵型(TST型)、高位型(HST型)和过渡型(HT型),并对其产生原因进行了初步剖析。中扬子地区寒武系以高位型为主,其次为海侵型和过渡型,反映稳定克拉通地区沉积特征。根据So值所作曲线同沉积相变化曲线异常相似的特征推测So值可以反映海平面变化,如果推测成立,那么海平面变化在某种程度上将从定性上升到定量。
     从烃源岩的产出层位、岩石类型和烃源岩的有机地化指标等方面特征分析认为,二级层序的海侵体系域是烃源岩的主要产出层位,高位型层序结构对烃源岩发育有利。
     依据各项评价指标,对中扬子地区寒武系烃源岩从纵横向进行了综合评价和预测。纵向上以水井沱组烃源岩最发育,相当于SS3之TST的主体;横向上渝鄂湘边区为烃源岩最发育区,供烃中心位于恩施~咸丰~桑植~石门杨家坪等地区,烃源岩生烃贡献系数最高为9.45%,生烃强度最大为47.54*10~9m/km~2,具备形成特大型油气藏的烃源条件,属好烃源岩区。
On the basis of description of the Cambrian peried stratigraphic sections and sequence stratigraphic characteristics in the Mid Yangtze area, combined with sequential boundary characteristics of other series of strata, 8 markers for distinguishing sequence boundaries are summarized , which include palaeoweathering crust, solution cavity-typed colluvial rocks, anhydrite-dissolved breccias, reactivated fluvial, slope-faciesed breccias, bird-eye structure, scum-shaped layers, scour water channel deposits above platform. All these markers are typical and direct, which can be confirmed with sections.
    Regional data are used in sequence correlations of subsequences (or super-sequences)and of subsets of the subsequences (sedimentary sequence) in the Mid Yangtze area, construction of 4 maps of lithofacies paleogeography for the Cambrian sequence in a subsequence system tract considered as a single unit and illustration of the horizontal expansion and the vertical evolution of lithofacies paleogeography of various units.
    By analyzing the sedimentary thickness of every subset of subsequence tract, a concept is proposed, consisting of three types of sequence textures and three sequence factors, which are composed of transgressive (1ST), level-high (HST) and transitional (HT) textures, and causes that form them are roughly analyzed. The Cambrian sequence in the Mid Yangtze area is composed of the level-high, transgressive and transitional sequences, reflecting sedimentary characteristics of a stable cratonic area. A curve with the S0 value is unusually similar to that of sedimentary facies, so one can suppose that the S0 value can reflect changes of the sea level. If the suppose is correct, then a qualitative analysis of the sea level will be transformed into a quantitative analysis.
    The Analysis of the hydrocabon-generated horizon, rock types and
    
    
    
    organic geochemical indicators of the source rocks suggests that the transgressive system tract in the subsequence is the main hydrocarbon-generated source rocks horizon. In the transgressive system tract, the level-high sequence texture is favorable to the development of the source rocks.
    Depending on various evaluation indicators, an integral approval and projection of the Cambrian source rocks are carried out both vertically and horizontally. In vertical, the Shuijingtuo Formation source rocks are best developed, corresponding to the main body of the 1ST of the SS3. In horizontal, the Chongqing-Hubei-Hunan border area is considered as an area with best-developed source rocks where the hydrocarbon-generated center is located in areas of Enshi-Xianfeng-Sangzhi- Yangjiaping of Shimen. Furthermore, the source rocks have a highest hydrocarbon contribution fraction up to 9. 45% and a highest hydrocarbon-generating intensity of 47.54 X lOVkra2. As a result, the source rocks provide beneficial hydrocarbon-generating conditions for formation of a great oil and natural gas reservoir.
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