双钢轮振动压路机减振性能的研究
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摘要
双钢轮振动压路机主要是用来压实路面的产品,不仅追求良好的作业性能,还要求有比较好的舒适性、可靠性。双钢轮压路机的减振系统是机器舒适性的重要保证,也是影响作业性能的一个重要环节,还是影响机器动态特性的一个重要因素。但国内普遍对这一问题缺乏认识,较少进行专门的研究。本文针对双钢轮振动压路机减振系统中一级减振环节进行了专题探讨,分析了减振系统的基本特性,对减振系统对作业舒适性、对作业质量的影响进行了较全面而深入的研究。
论文从减振系统特性出发,分析了减振系统工作原理,通过对橡胶减振器材料特性的研究,认为减振器在经受振动冲击的过程中会损耗能量产生迟滞阻尼效应,呈现出非线性的特性,由滞回曲线从能量角度分析了减振器减振效果,通过试验识别不同频率下减振器的剪切模量及阻尼比,得到减振器的动态刚度与阻尼的变化规律及特点。
根据人机工程学的舒适性要求,对双钢轮振动压路机减振系统对舒适性的影响进行分析。双钢轮振动压路机机架的振动是复杂的振动合成,包含前、后振动源相互影响、车架摆振、左右偏振、减振器造成的振动滞后等；建立了双钢轮振动压路机摆振模型与偏振模型,分析双振源系统对机架振动的影响规律；并在此基础上,提出了新的减振系统性能评价的评判标准。
根据双钢轮振动压路机的作业质量要求,对减振系统对机器作业质量的影响进行了分析,发现减振系统参数的设置以及性能的优劣,直接影响振动参数的实现。减振系统参数设置不合理,导致钢轮左右侧振幅偏差,会影响压路机压实的均匀性与平整度；减振性能不好,导致工作振幅小于设计振幅,会影响机器的压实度。
为了分析和优化振动压路机的振动与减振系统,采用ADAMS中的轴套力模型模拟橡胶减振器,采用Ansys生成橡胶地面的模态中性文件,以ADAMS/View为平台建立了双钢轮振动压路机的整机参数化三维可视模型,并利用该实体模型对压路机机架不同位置的振动加速度进行了仿真分析。与实验室试验的对比结果表明,基于ADAMS与Ansys建立的虚拟样机模型具有较高的精度,能够较真实地反映实际样机振动传递的动力学特性。为振动压路机振动系统的分析及减振系统的优化设计奠定了基础。
论文最后归纳了影响双钢轮振动压路机减振效果的因素,并给出各因素优选后的参数。利用虚拟样机模型进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了研究的正确性。论文研究结果弥补了国内双钢轮压路机减振性能研究方面的空白,对国产双钢轮压路机性能的提升有重要理论意义和工程应用价值,对研究其它工程机械的减振系统具有参考价值。
Tandem vibratory roller is the special machine primarily used to compact road surface, which is asked to have not only high rolling quality but also good comfort and reliability. Vibration reduction system of the roller is the important guarantee of comfort, and it also significantly affects both rolling performance and dynamic characteristics of the roller. However, there is no knowledge and corresponding research on the problem in the world at present. In order to solve this problem, basic characteristics of vibration reduction system and their influence on comfort and rolling quality were studied for the primary vibration reduction system of tandem vibratory roller.
This thesis began with operating principle of vibration reduction system, analyzed material characteristics of rubber vibration absorber. It is considered that the absorber causes depletion of energy and exhibits nonlinear characteristics when subjected to vibration and shock. Based on hysteresis loop curves, vibration reduction effect of the absorber was analyzed from the point of view of energy. By means of making a test identification of shear modulus and damping ratio of the absorber with different frequency, variation rule and characteristics of dynamic stiffness and damping were reached.
According to the specifications of human engineering, the influence of vibration reduction system of tandem vibratory roller on comfort was analyzed. It is found that frame vibration of the roller is a complex vibration composition, including the interaction between front and back vibration source, frame swing, nonuniform vibration between left and right side, vibration delay induced by the absorber, and so on. Swing model and nonuniform vibration model of tandem vibratory roller were established, and the influence of dual vibration source system on the frame vibration of the roller was analyzed. On these bases a new criterion for performance assessment of vibration reduction system was put forward.
According to rolling quality specifications of tandem vibratory roller, the influence of vibration reduction system on the rolling quality was analyzed. It is found that parameter settings of vibration reduction system and its performance directly influence the realization of the vibration parameters. Unsuitable parameter settings resulted in amplitude excursion of left right side of the drum, and furtherly influenced uniformity and smoothness of the roller's compaction; poor performance of vibration reduction system caused smaller amplitude than its design values, and therefore affected compaction degree of the roller.
In order to analyze and optimize vibration and its absorption system of vibratory roller, the shaft sleeve force in ADAMS was used to simulate the rubber absorber, and the MNF of rubber floor in Ansys was adopted. Taking the ADAMS/View as a platform, parametric model of tandem vibratory roller was established, and the vibration acceleration of the roller's different positions was simulated based on the model. The comparing result of simulation with experimental data shows that the accuracy of the model based on ADAMS and Ansys is high, which can truly reflect the dynamics of vibration transmission of the actual roller.
At last, influencing factors on vibration reduction of tandem vibratory roller were summarized, and furtherly the parameters of optimal factors were given. Based on virtual prototype model, vibration reduction was simulated, and the results were consistent with the theory. The studies of the paper make progress in the vibration reduction system of the domestic tandem vibratory roller. The conclusions of the paper are significant in both research and application in upgrading performance and energy saving of the tandem roller. The studies of the paper have a reference value of other engineering machinery vibration reduction system.
论文从减振系统特性出发,分析了减振系统工作原理,通过对橡胶减振器材料特性的研究,认为减振器在经受振动冲击的过程中会损耗能量产生迟滞阻尼效应,呈现出非线性的特性,由滞回曲线从能量角度分析了减振器减振效果,通过试验识别不同频率下减振器的剪切模量及阻尼比,得到减振器的动态刚度与阻尼的变化规律及特点。
根据人机工程学的舒适性要求,对双钢轮振动压路机减振系统对舒适性的影响进行分析。双钢轮振动压路机机架的振动是复杂的振动合成,包含前、后振动源相互影响、车架摆振、左右偏振、减振器造成的振动滞后等；建立了双钢轮振动压路机摆振模型与偏振模型,分析双振源系统对机架振动的影响规律；并在此基础上,提出了新的减振系统性能评价的评判标准。
根据双钢轮振动压路机的作业质量要求,对减振系统对机器作业质量的影响进行了分析,发现减振系统参数的设置以及性能的优劣,直接影响振动参数的实现。减振系统参数设置不合理,导致钢轮左右侧振幅偏差,会影响压路机压实的均匀性与平整度；减振性能不好,导致工作振幅小于设计振幅,会影响机器的压实度。
为了分析和优化振动压路机的振动与减振系统,采用ADAMS中的轴套力模型模拟橡胶减振器,采用Ansys生成橡胶地面的模态中性文件,以ADAMS/View为平台建立了双钢轮振动压路机的整机参数化三维可视模型,并利用该实体模型对压路机机架不同位置的振动加速度进行了仿真分析。与实验室试验的对比结果表明,基于ADAMS与Ansys建立的虚拟样机模型具有较高的精度,能够较真实地反映实际样机振动传递的动力学特性。为振动压路机振动系统的分析及减振系统的优化设计奠定了基础。
论文最后归纳了影响双钢轮振动压路机减振效果的因素,并给出各因素优选后的参数。利用虚拟样机模型进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了研究的正确性。论文研究结果弥补了国内双钢轮压路机减振性能研究方面的空白,对国产双钢轮压路机性能的提升有重要理论意义和工程应用价值,对研究其它工程机械的减振系统具有参考价值。
Tandem vibratory roller is the special machine primarily used to compact road surface, which is asked to have not only high rolling quality but also good comfort and reliability. Vibration reduction system of the roller is the important guarantee of comfort, and it also significantly affects both rolling performance and dynamic characteristics of the roller. However, there is no knowledge and corresponding research on the problem in the world at present. In order to solve this problem, basic characteristics of vibration reduction system and their influence on comfort and rolling quality were studied for the primary vibration reduction system of tandem vibratory roller.
This thesis began with operating principle of vibration reduction system, analyzed material characteristics of rubber vibration absorber. It is considered that the absorber causes depletion of energy and exhibits nonlinear characteristics when subjected to vibration and shock. Based on hysteresis loop curves, vibration reduction effect of the absorber was analyzed from the point of view of energy. By means of making a test identification of shear modulus and damping ratio of the absorber with different frequency, variation rule and characteristics of dynamic stiffness and damping were reached.
According to the specifications of human engineering, the influence of vibration reduction system of tandem vibratory roller on comfort was analyzed. It is found that frame vibration of the roller is a complex vibration composition, including the interaction between front and back vibration source, frame swing, nonuniform vibration between left and right side, vibration delay induced by the absorber, and so on. Swing model and nonuniform vibration model of tandem vibratory roller were established, and the influence of dual vibration source system on the frame vibration of the roller was analyzed. On these bases a new criterion for performance assessment of vibration reduction system was put forward.
According to rolling quality specifications of tandem vibratory roller, the influence of vibration reduction system on the rolling quality was analyzed. It is found that parameter settings of vibration reduction system and its performance directly influence the realization of the vibration parameters. Unsuitable parameter settings resulted in amplitude excursion of left right side of the drum, and furtherly influenced uniformity and smoothness of the roller's compaction; poor performance of vibration reduction system caused smaller amplitude than its design values, and therefore affected compaction degree of the roller.
In order to analyze and optimize vibration and its absorption system of vibratory roller, the shaft sleeve force in ADAMS was used to simulate the rubber absorber, and the MNF of rubber floor in Ansys was adopted. Taking the ADAMS/View as a platform, parametric model of tandem vibratory roller was established, and the vibration acceleration of the roller's different positions was simulated based on the model. The comparing result of simulation with experimental data shows that the accuracy of the model based on ADAMS and Ansys is high, which can truly reflect the dynamics of vibration transmission of the actual roller.
At last, influencing factors on vibration reduction of tandem vibratory roller were summarized, and furtherly the parameters of optimal factors were given. Based on virtual prototype model, vibration reduction was simulated, and the results were consistent with the theory. The studies of the paper make progress in the vibration reduction system of the domestic tandem vibratory roller. The conclusions of the paper are significant in both research and application in upgrading performance and energy saving of the tandem roller. The studies of the paper have a reference value of other engineering machinery vibration reduction system.
引文
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