基于模态振型和响应面法的结构声学性能优化设计
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摘要
噪声污染是严重的环境污染之一。随着现代工业化程度的不断提高,噪声污染日益加剧,严重影响到人们的身心健康。结构振动所产生的噪声是噪声的主要来源之一,结构声学特性优化设计可为结构降噪提供定量的和最优的设计方案,是噪声控制领域的重要研究内容。
在产品设计阶段,对结构进行尺寸优化、形状优化和拓扑优化以及对结构敷设阻尼材料和吸声材料可有效改善产品的声学性能,提高产品的竞争力。本文在国家“跃升计划”专项——中国高水平汽车自主创新能力建设(简称“中气专项”)以及湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主课题(60870002)资助下,对基于模态振型和响应面法的结构声学特性优化设计方法进行了深入系统地研究,并实际应用于“中气专项”轿车车内声学特性优化中。
论文主要研究工作和创新性成果有：
(1)针对复杂结构形状难以参数化的问题,提出了一种基于模态振型的形状参数化方法,并将其用于结构声学性能分析与优化设计；研究了形状参数对结构声学性能的影响；基于结构声学数值分析方法建立了结构声学性能形状优化模型；研究了简谐激励力下的结构声学性能优化问题,以几何平板、复杂曲面和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了结构声学性能形状优化设计,结果表明该方法可以有效改变结构形状,降低结构噪声。
(2)针对阻尼厚度分布对声学特性的敏感程度不同的问题,提出一种基于模态振型的阻尼层敷设厚度分布优化方法,并将其应用于阻尼复合结构声学性能分析与优化设计；研究了阻尼厚度分布参数对复合结构声学性能的影响；基于粘弹性阻尼复合结构动力学分析方法、结构声学数值分析方法和优化算法建立了阻尼复合结构声学优化模型；研究了给定阻尼材料下的自由阻尼层厚度分布优化问题,以几何平板和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了自由阻尼层厚度分布优化设计,研究结果表明阻尼层厚度分布优化方法有效提高了系统损耗因子,降低了结构噪声,提高了阻尼材料的利用率。
(3)针对结构声学性能优化问题求解迭代计算时间太长的问题,将响应面模型引入到结构声学优化性能设计中,用响应面模型代替复杂的、具有大量自由度的结构声学数值仿真模型,结合试验设计、响应面法和优化算法建立了基于响应面法的结构声学性能优化模型,研究了简谐激励力下的结构声学性能优化问题,以封闭箱体和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了基于响应面法的结构声学性能优化设计,结果表明该方法能提高优化效率,适用于复杂工程结构声学性能优化问题求解。
(4)针对结构声学设计参数不确定问题,将可靠性理论引入到结构声学性能优化设计中,结合响应面法、结构声学数值分析、可靠性理论和优化算法建立了基于响应面法的结构声学可靠性优化模型,对“中气专项”轿车进行了结构声学性能可靠性优化设计,数值分析结果表明该方法能满足结构声学性能可靠度设计要求,达到结构声学性能可靠性优化设计的目的,适用于结构声学性能可靠性优化问题求解。
本文在结构声学性能形状优化设计、阻尼复合结构声学优化设计和基于响应面法的结构声学性能确定性与可靠性优化设计方面做了深入地研究,提出了基于模态振型的形状参数化模型和阻尼厚度分布参数化模型,建立了基于响应面法的结构声学优化模型及不确定参数结构的结构声学优化模型,研究成果能为汽车等工业产品的声学性能优化设计提供有效途径,具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。
Our environment has been contaminated seriously by noise pollution. With the development of modern industrial technology, the noise pollution has aggravated, which affects seriously on our health Structure-born noise is the major sources of noise. Optimization design of structural acoustic characteristics can provide quantitative and optimal approchs to reduce structural noise. Improvement of structural acoustic characteristics plays a leading role in the research of noise controlling
In the product design stage, the acoustic characteristics and competitiveness of products can be improved effectively by size optimization, shape optimization and topology optimization, using damping materials and sound-absorbing materials. This dissertation, sponsored by the project "Yue Sheng Program", the independent innovation capabilities of high-level car construction in China ("Zhong Qi Program") and the Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body (No.60870002), carries on a systemic research work on the optimization design of structural acoustic characteristics based on mode shapes. The proposed optimization design approachs proposed in this dissertation are applied to the improvement of the interior acoustic characteristics of "Zhong Qi Program" car.
The main researches and innovative achievements in this dissertation include:
(1) Aiming at the parameterized problem of complex structural shape, a structural shape optimization method is presented based on mode shape. The approach is applied to the improvement of structural acoustic performance. The effect of the shape parameters on the acoustic performance is studied. Based on the structural acoustic analysis, the optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established The structural acoustic optimization is studied under harmonic excitation. Numerical examples of geometric plate, complex surface and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show shat the structural noise is controlled effectively.
(2) Aiming at the problem of optimum thickness distribution of damping materials, a thickness distribution optimization method is presented based on mode shapes. The approach is applied to improvement of acoustic performance of composite structures. The effect of the thickness distribution parameters on the acoustic performance is studied. Based on viscous elastic dynamic analysis of composite structures, structural acoustic analysis and optimization algorithm,the optimization model of acoustic performance of composite structures is established.The optimization problem of thickness distribution of unconstrained damping materials under constant damping materials is studied. Numerical examples of geometric plate and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show that the system loss factors and the utilization of damping material are improved and structural noise is controlled effectively.
(3) Aiming at the problem of long time in solving structural acoustic optimization, response surface model is used to replace structural acoustic analysis of complex structures with a large degrees of freedom. The optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established by combing experiment design, RSM and optimization algorithm. The structural acoustic optimization is studied under harmonic excitation. Numerical examples of a sealed box and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show that the system loss factors and the utilization of damping material are improved and optimization of acoustic performance of complex structures is solved suitably.
(4) Aiming at the uncertain problem of structural acoustic design parameters, reliability theory is introduced to structural acoustic optimization. The reliability optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established by combing RSM, structural acoustic analysis, reliability theory and optimization algorithm. Numerical example of sealed "Zhong Qi Program" car is presented, which shows that the requirements and goals of reliability design are satisfied and the reliability optimization of structural acoustic performance is solved suitably.
In order to improve the structural acoustic performance, shape optimization, damping optimization, deterministic optimization and reliability optimization are discussed thoroughly in this dissertation. The parameterized models of structural shape and thickness distribution of damping materials are proposed based on mode shapes. Based on RSM, the optimization models of structural acoustic performance with certain and uncertain parameters are established. The research achievement has theoretical significance and application value, which provides an effective approach for the improvement of acoustic performance of industrial products, such as autos.
在产品设计阶段,对结构进行尺寸优化、形状优化和拓扑优化以及对结构敷设阻尼材料和吸声材料可有效改善产品的声学性能,提高产品的竞争力。本文在国家“跃升计划”专项——中国高水平汽车自主创新能力建设(简称“中气专项”)以及湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主课题(60870002)资助下,对基于模态振型和响应面法的结构声学特性优化设计方法进行了深入系统地研究,并实际应用于“中气专项”轿车车内声学特性优化中。
论文主要研究工作和创新性成果有：
(1)针对复杂结构形状难以参数化的问题,提出了一种基于模态振型的形状参数化方法,并将其用于结构声学性能分析与优化设计；研究了形状参数对结构声学性能的影响；基于结构声学数值分析方法建立了结构声学性能形状优化模型；研究了简谐激励力下的结构声学性能优化问题,以几何平板、复杂曲面和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了结构声学性能形状优化设计,结果表明该方法可以有效改变结构形状,降低结构噪声。
(2)针对阻尼厚度分布对声学特性的敏感程度不同的问题,提出一种基于模态振型的阻尼层敷设厚度分布优化方法,并将其应用于阻尼复合结构声学性能分析与优化设计；研究了阻尼厚度分布参数对复合结构声学性能的影响；基于粘弹性阻尼复合结构动力学分析方法、结构声学数值分析方法和优化算法建立了阻尼复合结构声学优化模型；研究了给定阻尼材料下的自由阻尼层厚度分布优化问题,以几何平板和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了自由阻尼层厚度分布优化设计,研究结果表明阻尼层厚度分布优化方法有效提高了系统损耗因子,降低了结构噪声,提高了阻尼材料的利用率。
(3)针对结构声学性能优化问题求解迭代计算时间太长的问题,将响应面模型引入到结构声学优化性能设计中,用响应面模型代替复杂的、具有大量自由度的结构声学数值仿真模型,结合试验设计、响应面法和优化算法建立了基于响应面法的结构声学性能优化模型,研究了简谐激励力下的结构声学性能优化问题,以封闭箱体和“中气专项”轿车为研究对象进行了基于响应面法的结构声学性能优化设计,结果表明该方法能提高优化效率,适用于复杂工程结构声学性能优化问题求解。
(4)针对结构声学设计参数不确定问题,将可靠性理论引入到结构声学性能优化设计中,结合响应面法、结构声学数值分析、可靠性理论和优化算法建立了基于响应面法的结构声学可靠性优化模型,对“中气专项”轿车进行了结构声学性能可靠性优化设计,数值分析结果表明该方法能满足结构声学性能可靠度设计要求,达到结构声学性能可靠性优化设计的目的,适用于结构声学性能可靠性优化问题求解。
本文在结构声学性能形状优化设计、阻尼复合结构声学优化设计和基于响应面法的结构声学性能确定性与可靠性优化设计方面做了深入地研究,提出了基于模态振型的形状参数化模型和阻尼厚度分布参数化模型,建立了基于响应面法的结构声学优化模型及不确定参数结构的结构声学优化模型,研究成果能为汽车等工业产品的声学性能优化设计提供有效途径,具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。
Our environment has been contaminated seriously by noise pollution. With the development of modern industrial technology, the noise pollution has aggravated, which affects seriously on our health Structure-born noise is the major sources of noise. Optimization design of structural acoustic characteristics can provide quantitative and optimal approchs to reduce structural noise. Improvement of structural acoustic characteristics plays a leading role in the research of noise controlling
In the product design stage, the acoustic characteristics and competitiveness of products can be improved effectively by size optimization, shape optimization and topology optimization, using damping materials and sound-absorbing materials. This dissertation, sponsored by the project "Yue Sheng Program", the independent innovation capabilities of high-level car construction in China ("Zhong Qi Program") and the Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body (No.60870002), carries on a systemic research work on the optimization design of structural acoustic characteristics based on mode shapes. The proposed optimization design approachs proposed in this dissertation are applied to the improvement of the interior acoustic characteristics of "Zhong Qi Program" car.
The main researches and innovative achievements in this dissertation include:
(1) Aiming at the parameterized problem of complex structural shape, a structural shape optimization method is presented based on mode shape. The approach is applied to the improvement of structural acoustic performance. The effect of the shape parameters on the acoustic performance is studied. Based on the structural acoustic analysis, the optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established The structural acoustic optimization is studied under harmonic excitation. Numerical examples of geometric plate, complex surface and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show shat the structural noise is controlled effectively.
(2) Aiming at the problem of optimum thickness distribution of damping materials, a thickness distribution optimization method is presented based on mode shapes. The approach is applied to improvement of acoustic performance of composite structures. The effect of the thickness distribution parameters on the acoustic performance is studied. Based on viscous elastic dynamic analysis of composite structures, structural acoustic analysis and optimization algorithm,the optimization model of acoustic performance of composite structures is established.The optimization problem of thickness distribution of unconstrained damping materials under constant damping materials is studied. Numerical examples of geometric plate and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show that the system loss factors and the utilization of damping material are improved and structural noise is controlled effectively.
(3) Aiming at the problem of long time in solving structural acoustic optimization, response surface model is used to replace structural acoustic analysis of complex structures with a large degrees of freedom. The optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established by combing experiment design, RSM and optimization algorithm. The structural acoustic optimization is studied under harmonic excitation. Numerical examples of a sealed box and "Zhong Qi Program" car are presented, which show that the system loss factors and the utilization of damping material are improved and optimization of acoustic performance of complex structures is solved suitably.
(4) Aiming at the uncertain problem of structural acoustic design parameters, reliability theory is introduced to structural acoustic optimization. The reliability optimization model of structural acoustic performance is established by combing RSM, structural acoustic analysis, reliability theory and optimization algorithm. Numerical example of sealed "Zhong Qi Program" car is presented, which shows that the requirements and goals of reliability design are satisfied and the reliability optimization of structural acoustic performance is solved suitably.
In order to improve the structural acoustic performance, shape optimization, damping optimization, deterministic optimization and reliability optimization are discussed thoroughly in this dissertation. The parameterized models of structural shape and thickness distribution of damping materials are proposed based on mode shapes. Based on RSM, the optimization models of structural acoustic performance with certain and uncertain parameters are established. The research achievement has theoretical significance and application value, which provides an effective approach for the improvement of acoustic performance of industrial products, such as autos.
引文
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