建筑结构抗震设计的若干对策及改进建议
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摘要
随着新的建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)的颁布与实施,新的抗震设计规范中较旧的抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)的主要改进点及新规范对各类结构抗震设计所带来的实际影响倍受关注;在GB50011-2001规范的执行过程中,发现GB50011-2001规范中仍存在一些值得进一步研究的问题;在建筑结构抗震设计的实践中,由于设计人员对规范的理解和掌握尺度上,以及因地因人在结构选型、布置以及计算方法上相互差异较多而对设计产生较多的争议,抗震设计方法值得深入的研究。本文根据实践经验和对已掌握资料的总结,对诸如此类的问题进行了较为深入的研究和探讨。在理论研究和计算分析的基础上,主要研究成果如下:
1.针对GB50011-2001规范中存在的若干问题,提出了较为合理的改进建议
虽然GB50011-2001规范在技术水平和文字表达等方面较GBJ11-89规范有很大提高,但仍存在一些不尽人意的地方,如有的地方存在编写或印刷错误,有的地方缺规范用语或用词不当,有的地方条文说明与条文相矛盾,有的条文及条文说明值得商榷,给正确理解与执行新规范带来一定困难。为了维护标准的严肃性,建议今后应特别重视标准的编写质量及条文说明与条文的一致性,特别重视标准的正确性,可供规范修订部门参考。
2.针对抗震设计方法中存在的问题与不足,提出了相应的改进建议
(1)针对抗震设计中的误区,指出“概念设计”比“计算设计”更重要;
(2)现行规范抗震设防目标没有考虑工程结构服役的经济指标,没有体现地区差别,而且我国现行的抗震设防水准偏低,抗震设计中“小震”、“中震”、“大震”的定义比较模糊,建议在今后修订规范时,适当考虑上述指标,适度提高我国的抗震设防水准;
(3)要正确地由GB50011-2001规范表6.1.2确定钢筋混凝土结构的抗震等级,必须明确建筑类别与结构抗震等级之间的关系。从简化实用出发,建议取消钢筋混凝土结构抗震等级的繁琐规定,直接由建筑类别确定计算地震作用的参数和选用相应的构造措施;
(4)采用底部剪力法计算水平地震作用时,结构等效总重力荷载G_(eq)的取值不尽合理。建议仍引入等效质量系数ξ的概念,同时ξ应根据结构的不同层数分别取值,并给出了较为合理的ξ取值建议;
With the publishment and implement of new structural aseismatic design code(GB 50011-2001), the improvement of new code compared with the former standard(GBJ11-89)and actual effect of new code for every structural design of aseismatic are paid more attention to. It is found there are some questions worthy of researching during the implement of the new code(GB 50011-2001). In the practice of the structural aseismatic design, arguments about the design were brought by the deference of the designer's understanding and mastering level of the code, the selected structure type, collocation and calculational method. So aseismatic design deserve to be studied thoroughly. Based on practice experiences and summarizing of the collected datas, this paper studied and discussed about these questions maken a more thoroughly. Rely on the theoretics study and calculational analyses ,the main study results read as follows :1. It put forward some more reasonable advices of improvement on the several problems existed in GB 50011-2001 code.Although technology and character expression in code GB50011-2001 have improved a lot, there are still some unsatisfied portion which will bring trouble in proper understanding and implement of the new code, such as in some part there are spelling and printing errors, lacking of standard language or uncomely term, confliction of code and commentary, code and commentary need to be discussed .To maintain the seriousness of code, it suggests to pay more attention to normal write quality and consistency of code and commentary ,and exactness of standard .So this paper can be a reference for code edit and revision department.2. It put forward corresponding improvable advices to the problems and shortages existed in aseismatic design method.(1) Considering errors of aseismatic design, it indicates that "concept design" is more important than "calculate design".(2) Aseismatic fortify target has not study economic aim of structure and not incarnate deference in region . Aseismatic fortify lever is lower ,the definitions of "lower earthquake"、 "medium earthquake"、 "high earthquake" are vague. So it suggests give proper consideration on above index and improve aseismatic fortify level properly.(3) It should be clarified connection between structure sort and structure earthquake resistance categories if earthquake resistance categories of reinforcement concrete construction is confirmed exactly by the table 6.1.2 of GB50011-2001 code. Considering predigestion and practicality, the perplexing provision of reinforcement concrete construction aseismatic categories is suggested to eliminate. But the calculation of
earthquake effect parameters and constructional measurements are determined directly bystructure type.(4) The value of construct equivalent total gravity load Geq is not always reasonablewhen horizontal earthquake effect is calculated using foot shearing force method. So it suggests the concept of equivalent quantity modulus ￡, should still be included, and the value of calculation lever of vertical earthquake effect is lower. The lever of American code is bigger than ours in evidence. So it suggests improve calculation lever of vertical aseismatic effect properly in the code edit for the future.5. It put forward some practical and improvable advice on the calculation method of minimum width of reinforcement concrete structure earthquake resistance sew.It put forward many methods on confirming minimum width of reinforcement concrete structure earthquake resistance sews by combining related provision of GB 50011-2001, these methods which is brief and practical can references for relational designer and code edit and revision department. This paper also studied the minimum width of aseismatic sews. It suggest to adopt peak displacement method that is more practical to ensure the minimum width of aseismatic sews instead of the traditional calculation method of minimum width of aseismatic sews of GB50011-2001 ((Construction Structure Aseismatic Design Code)) .The research results of this paper have important theory meaning and practical value on perfecting the structure aseismatic design theory of the building further, aseismatic design and code revision in the future
1.针对GB50011-2001规范中存在的若干问题,提出了较为合理的改进建议
虽然GB50011-2001规范在技术水平和文字表达等方面较GBJ11-89规范有很大提高,但仍存在一些不尽人意的地方,如有的地方存在编写或印刷错误,有的地方缺规范用语或用词不当,有的地方条文说明与条文相矛盾,有的条文及条文说明值得商榷,给正确理解与执行新规范带来一定困难。为了维护标准的严肃性,建议今后应特别重视标准的编写质量及条文说明与条文的一致性,特别重视标准的正确性,可供规范修订部门参考。
2.针对抗震设计方法中存在的问题与不足,提出了相应的改进建议
(1)针对抗震设计中的误区,指出“概念设计”比“计算设计”更重要;
(2)现行规范抗震设防目标没有考虑工程结构服役的经济指标,没有体现地区差别,而且我国现行的抗震设防水准偏低,抗震设计中“小震”、“中震”、“大震”的定义比较模糊,建议在今后修订规范时,适当考虑上述指标,适度提高我国的抗震设防水准;
(3)要正确地由GB50011-2001规范表6.1.2确定钢筋混凝土结构的抗震等级,必须明确建筑类别与结构抗震等级之间的关系。从简化实用出发,建议取消钢筋混凝土结构抗震等级的繁琐规定,直接由建筑类别确定计算地震作用的参数和选用相应的构造措施;
(4)采用底部剪力法计算水平地震作用时,结构等效总重力荷载G_(eq)的取值不尽合理。建议仍引入等效质量系数ξ的概念,同时ξ应根据结构的不同层数分别取值,并给出了较为合理的ξ取值建议;
With the publishment and implement of new structural aseismatic design code(GB 50011-2001), the improvement of new code compared with the former standard(GBJ11-89)and actual effect of new code for every structural design of aseismatic are paid more attention to. It is found there are some questions worthy of researching during the implement of the new code(GB 50011-2001). In the practice of the structural aseismatic design, arguments about the design were brought by the deference of the designer's understanding and mastering level of the code, the selected structure type, collocation and calculational method. So aseismatic design deserve to be studied thoroughly. Based on practice experiences and summarizing of the collected datas, this paper studied and discussed about these questions maken a more thoroughly. Rely on the theoretics study and calculational analyses ,the main study results read as follows :1. It put forward some more reasonable advices of improvement on the several problems existed in GB 50011-2001 code.Although technology and character expression in code GB50011-2001 have improved a lot, there are still some unsatisfied portion which will bring trouble in proper understanding and implement of the new code, such as in some part there are spelling and printing errors, lacking of standard language or uncomely term, confliction of code and commentary, code and commentary need to be discussed .To maintain the seriousness of code, it suggests to pay more attention to normal write quality and consistency of code and commentary ,and exactness of standard .So this paper can be a reference for code edit and revision department.2. It put forward corresponding improvable advices to the problems and shortages existed in aseismatic design method.(1) Considering errors of aseismatic design, it indicates that "concept design" is more important than "calculate design".(2) Aseismatic fortify target has not study economic aim of structure and not incarnate deference in region . Aseismatic fortify lever is lower ,the definitions of "lower earthquake"、 "medium earthquake"、 "high earthquake" are vague. So it suggests give proper consideration on above index and improve aseismatic fortify level properly.(3) It should be clarified connection between structure sort and structure earthquake resistance categories if earthquake resistance categories of reinforcement concrete construction is confirmed exactly by the table 6.1.2 of GB50011-2001 code. Considering predigestion and practicality, the perplexing provision of reinforcement concrete construction aseismatic categories is suggested to eliminate. But the calculation of
earthquake effect parameters and constructional measurements are determined directly bystructure type.(4) The value of construct equivalent total gravity load Geq is not always reasonablewhen horizontal earthquake effect is calculated using foot shearing force method. So it suggests the concept of equivalent quantity modulus ￡, should still be included, and the value of
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