基于Petri网的混流装配线调度问题研究
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摘要
随着社会和科学技术的发展，现代制造业正面临不可预测、快速多变和不断增强的市场竞争等一系列问题。在这种背景下，混流装配成为了全球经济一体化时代最有竞争力和发展潜力的制造模式。混流装配线作为可以适应多品种、变批量、多功能、快速交货和短的产品市场寿命生产模式的新型制造系统，也成为近年来装配领域的研究重点。本文以教育部人文社会科学研究项目基金“基于协同控制的随机混流装配过程重构优化算法研究”为依托，对混流装配线的系统建模与调度问题求解进行了研究。本文以离散事件系统理论、智能计算方法和计算机技术为基本手段采用理论和实际结合的方法进行研究。
本文的主要内容可概括如下：
1．总结和分析了装配系统的国内外研究现状，介绍了装配系统建模和调度优化问题的一般方法。
2．研究混流装配线建模技术。针对混流装配线所具有的复杂性、智能性及自治性的特点，提出了面向Agent的知识有色时间Petri网的混流装配线建模方法。在对装配资源进行分类的基础上，将装配资源Agent内部行为进行封装，建立了装配资源Agent的KATCPN模型，并通过过渡变迁合成混流装配单元KATCPN模型。根据每个可重构装配单元之间的逻辑关系，确定整个系统的消息传递关系，在此基础上实现了装配线快速构建，对于构建中的冲突引入了知识库所加以控制。最后以实例验证了模型的可行性。
3．研究了混流装配线调度问题。以丰田公司提出的各零部件的使用速率均匀化为调度目标，提出了混流装配线优化调度的数学模型。同时，提出了一种添加启发式规则约束的遗传算法作为对混流装配线调度问题的求解方法，该算法在遗传操作中运用了动态的变异概率的自适应策略，保证了群体的多样性，避免了算法的早熟收敛，增强了算法全局寻优能力。实例研究证明了改进遗传算法的可行性和有效性。
With the development of the society and the advance of the scientific technology，the modern manufacturing enterprises are facing a series of problems， such asunpredictable and fast market competition that is strengthening changeably andconstantly.Just under this kind of background，mixed model assembly lines(MMAL)becomes one of the most competitive and potential manufacturing pattern.The mixedmodel assembly lines is a new manufacturing system,which is designed at the outset ofrapid change in structure in response to multi-type,varied-toting,multi-function,quickdelivery,and sudden changes in market.As an advanced manufacturing system,MMALhas become the research focal point of assembly field in recent years.The paper wassupported by the ministry of education humanities and social science research projectfund”Based on the random control with mixed model assembly process optimizationalgorithm for research”to research the mixed model assembly lines system modelingand scheduling problem solving.On the basis of theory of discrete event systems,computation intelligence and computer technology, the theoretical and practicalaspects of the three issues are studied.
The main research contents of the paper are outlined as follows:
1. The current research situations of the assembly systems are reviewed andanalyzed,the generic research methods and existed problems are pointed out.
2. the modeling technology of MMAL is studied.Considering the characteristicsof complexity,reconstructing,intelligent and autonomy of the MMAL,an agent orientedknowledge colored timed Petri net(KATCPN)modeling approach is proposed.Based onthe classification of resources,the resource agent is encapsulated so that knowledgecolored timed Petri net base resource agent is built.The KATCPN model of mixedmodel assembly cell is composed of different resources agent by transition.Accordingto the logical relation of each mixed model assembly cell,the transitive relation ofmessage for assembly system is determined and the assembly line could be quicklyconfigured using this method.finally.Finally, examples demonstrate the feasibility ofthe model.
3. The mixed model assembly line scheduling problem isstudied.Using theToyota company put forward to the rate of parts of evenly as the scheduling goal,put forward the mixed model assembly line of the optimizationscheduling mathematicalmodel.At the same time,put forward an add heuristic rules of the constraints of geneticalgorithm as mixed model assembly line scheduling problem solving method,thealgorithm of genetic operations in the use of dynamic mutation rate adaptivestrategies,and to ensure the groups of diversity,to avoid the prematurity of thealgorithm convergence,to improve the algorithm global optimization ability.Case studyproved that the improved genetic algorithm is feasible and effective.
本文的主要内容可概括如下：
1．总结和分析了装配系统的国内外研究现状，介绍了装配系统建模和调度优化问题的一般方法。
2．研究混流装配线建模技术。针对混流装配线所具有的复杂性、智能性及自治性的特点，提出了面向Agent的知识有色时间Petri网的混流装配线建模方法。在对装配资源进行分类的基础上，将装配资源Agent内部行为进行封装，建立了装配资源Agent的KATCPN模型，并通过过渡变迁合成混流装配单元KATCPN模型。根据每个可重构装配单元之间的逻辑关系，确定整个系统的消息传递关系，在此基础上实现了装配线快速构建，对于构建中的冲突引入了知识库所加以控制。最后以实例验证了模型的可行性。
3．研究了混流装配线调度问题。以丰田公司提出的各零部件的使用速率均匀化为调度目标，提出了混流装配线优化调度的数学模型。同时，提出了一种添加启发式规则约束的遗传算法作为对混流装配线调度问题的求解方法，该算法在遗传操作中运用了动态的变异概率的自适应策略，保证了群体的多样性，避免了算法的早熟收敛，增强了算法全局寻优能力。实例研究证明了改进遗传算法的可行性和有效性。
With the development of the society and the advance of the scientific technology，the modern manufacturing enterprises are facing a series of problems， such asunpredictable and fast market competition that is strengthening changeably andconstantly.Just under this kind of background，mixed model assembly lines(MMAL)becomes one of the most competitive and potential manufacturing pattern.The mixedmodel assembly lines is a new manufacturing system,which is designed at the outset ofrapid change in structure in response to multi-type,varied-toting,multi-function,quickdelivery,and sudden changes in market.As an advanced manufacturing system,MMALhas become the research focal point of assembly field in recent years.The paper wassupported by the ministry of education humanities and social science research projectfund”Based on the random control with mixed model assembly process optimizationalgorithm for research”to research the mixed model assembly lines system modelingand scheduling problem solving.On the basis of theory of discrete event systems,computation intelligence and computer technology, the theoretical and practicalaspects of the three issues are studied.
The main research contents of the paper are outlined as follows:
1. The current research situations of the assembly systems are reviewed andanalyzed,the generic research methods and existed problems are pointed out.
2. the modeling technology of MMAL is studied.Considering the characteristicsof complexity,reconstructing,intelligent and autonomy of the MMAL,an agent orientedknowledge colored timed Petri net(KATCPN)modeling approach is proposed.Based onthe classification of resources,the resource agent is encapsulated so that knowledgecolored timed Petri net base resource agent is built.The KATCPN model of mixedmodel assembly cell is composed of different resources agent by transition.Accordingto the logical relation of each mixed model assembly cell,the transitive relation ofmessage for assembly system is determined and the assembly line could be quicklyconfigured using this method.finally.Finally, examples demonstrate the feasibility ofthe model.
3. The mixed model assembly line scheduling problem isstudied.Using theToyota company put forward to the rate of parts of evenly as the scheduling goal,put forward the mixed model assembly line of the optimizationscheduling mathematicalmodel.At the same time,put forward an add heuristic rules of the constraints of geneticalgorithm as mixed model assembly line scheduling problem solving method,thealgorithm of genetic operations in the use of dynamic mutation rate adaptivestrategies,and to ensure the groups of diversity,to avoid the prematurity of thealgorithm convergence,to improve the algorithm global optimization ability.Case studyproved that the improved genetic algorithm is feasible and effective.
引文
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[12] Julia S,Valette R.Real time scheduling of Batch systems[J].Simulation practice andtheory,2010,10(08):307-319.
[13] Zha X F, Lim Y E, Fok S C.Integrated knowledge based Petri net intelligent flexibleassembly planning[J].Journal of intelligent Manufacturing,1998,4(09):235-250.
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[15] Yu H,Reyes A,Cang S.Combined Petri net modelling and AI based heuristic hybrid search forflexible manufacturing systems-part.heuristic hybrid search[J].Computer&IndustryEngineering,2003,9(44):545-566.
[16]吴亚丽,曾建潮,胡卫军等.一种基于混合Petri网的批过程动态调度算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2002,36(12):147-151.
[17]高峰,王明哲.装配生产线Petri网模型优化算法研究[J].机械与电子,2004,5(07):13-15.
[18]黄银娣,卞荣花等.汽车混流装配线系统的时间着色Petri网建模[J].控制与决策,2011,27(01):56-60.
[19]郝东,蒋昌俊,林琳.基于Petri网的IC制造调度优化[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,3(31):66-71.
[20]徐俊刚,戴国忠,王宏安.生产调度理论和方法研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展,2004,41(02):257-265.
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