套管损坏机理、检测方法和套损预测研究
|
摘要
由于油管受到外力、化学腐蚀等因素的作用而引起套管变形、损坏，直接影响油田油气产量和注水效果及油水井的使用寿命。随着各油田套损井数逐年增多，套管损坏状况检查及预防已经成为油田开发过程中的重点工作。本文系统的分析了套管损坏的原因，提出了预防套管损坏的几项措施。介绍了用于检查套管井井身状况的工程测井的方法，并分析了其在套损状态检查及指导修井等作业中的应用效果，阐明了工程测井在套损预防、预测中的重要作用。
以不均衡地应力引起的各向异性地层中快、慢弯曲波频散交叉现象为理论基础，利用连续相位谱法提取频散波相慢度频散曲线。用该方法处理了某井正交偶极资料，从快、慢弯曲波的频散特性中识别出各向异性的类型：①各向同性地层频散曲线重合；②固有的各向异性地层频散曲线平行；③应力引起的各向异性地层频散曲线交叉。给出了用正交偶极声波测井资料估算地层应力的方法在大庆油田的现场应用实例。
在对套损区5井次的现场试验资料处理中，共发现10个井段存在异常地应力，其中5个井段得到地质人员的确认，未确认(不否认)的井段地质认识也比较模糊。在此基础上，利用套损预测软件进行了单井套损预测分析，计算得到的井壁稳定性系数均小于1，所以尽管井周存在一定的异常应力，但岩石井壁是稳定的，暂时不会造成套损。
下一步将利用单井横波套损预测结果，结合地质动、静态资料和其它测试资料，对区域套损原因及发展趋势进行多学科综合分析。
Oil gas output, injection effectiveness and service life of production and injection well are directlyaffected by casing deformation and damages, such as outside force, chemical corrosion and so on. With thenumber of casing damage wells increasing year by year in each oil field, inspections and precautions of casingdamage status have become more and more important during development of the filed. This paper systematicallyanalyzes the reasons of casing damage and introduce several advanced inspection methods, And introduce themethods of engineering logging which are used to inspect the cased hole status. Mainly analyzed are theapplications in inspecting casing damages are guiding such operations as work over and more. Illustrated are thevital functions of engineering logging in precautions and prediction of casing damages.
The fast and slow flexural wave crossover phenomenon in anisotropic formation caused by uneven in-situstress is used as theoretical bases. A continuous phase spectral method for extracting phase slowness dispersioncurve is introduced. The method is deployed to process the crossed dipole data, thus to identify the types ofanisotropies from the dispersion characters of fast and slow flexural waves, those types include:①the coincidenceof dispersion curves of anisotropic formation;②the parallel of dispersion curves of inherent anisotropic formation;③the crossover of dispersion curves of stress induced anisotropic formation. Given is a practical field applicationof cross-dipole acoustic measurements in estimating formation stress in Daqing Oilfield.
In casing damages in the area 5 well time to the in-situ test data processing, altogether discovered 10 intervalexist formation stress, 5 sections ofthesel were geological personnel's confirmed, the confirmation (has not denied)the section geology understanding quite is also fuzzy. In this foundation, using casing damages predictionsoftware carried on prediction analysis of the single well, the well stability coefficient which the computationobtained is smaller than 1, therefore circumferential borehole exist certain unusual stress, but the rock of a well isstable, could not create the casing damage temporarily.
Next step will use the prediction result of a single well shear wave casing damage, the union geologytendency, the static material and other test material, will damage the reason and the trend of development to thenested domain carries on the multi-disciplinary generalized analyses
以不均衡地应力引起的各向异性地层中快、慢弯曲波频散交叉现象为理论基础，利用连续相位谱法提取频散波相慢度频散曲线。用该方法处理了某井正交偶极资料，从快、慢弯曲波的频散特性中识别出各向异性的类型：①各向同性地层频散曲线重合；②固有的各向异性地层频散曲线平行；③应力引起的各向异性地层频散曲线交叉。给出了用正交偶极声波测井资料估算地层应力的方法在大庆油田的现场应用实例。
在对套损区5井次的现场试验资料处理中，共发现10个井段存在异常地应力，其中5个井段得到地质人员的确认，未确认(不否认)的井段地质认识也比较模糊。在此基础上，利用套损预测软件进行了单井套损预测分析，计算得到的井壁稳定性系数均小于1，所以尽管井周存在一定的异常应力，但岩石井壁是稳定的，暂时不会造成套损。
下一步将利用单井横波套损预测结果，结合地质动、静态资料和其它测试资料，对区域套损原因及发展趋势进行多学科综合分析。
Oil gas output, injection effectiveness and service life of production and injection well are directlyaffected by casing deformation and damages, such as outside force, chemical corrosion and so on. With thenumber of casing damage wells increasing year by year in each oil field, inspections and precautions of casingdamage status have become more and more important during development of the filed. This paper systematicallyanalyzes the reasons of casing damage and introduce several advanced inspection methods, And introduce themethods of engineering logging which are used to inspect the cased hole status. Mainly analyzed are theapplications in inspecting casing damages are guiding such operations as work over and more. Illustrated are thevital functions of engineering logging in precautions and prediction of casing damages.
The fast and slow flexural wave crossover phenomenon in anisotropic formation caused by uneven in-situstress is used as theoretical bases. A continuous phase spectral method for extracting phase slowness dispersioncurve is introduced. The method is deployed to process the crossed dipole data, thus to identify the types ofanisotropies from the dispersion characters of fast and slow flexural waves, those types include:①the coincidenceof dispersion curves of anisotropic formation;②the parallel of dispersion curves of inherent anisotropic formation;③the crossover of dispersion curves of stress induced anisotropic formation. Given is a practical field applicationof cross-dipole acoustic measurements in estimating formation stress in Daqing Oilfield.
In casing damages in the area 5 well time to the in-situ test data processing, altogether discovered 10 intervalexist formation stress, 5 sections ofthesel were geological personnel's confirmed, the confirmation (has not denied)the section geology understanding quite is also fuzzy. In this foundation, using casing damages predictionsoftware carried on prediction analysis of the single well, the well stability coefficient which the computationobtained is smaller than 1, therefore circumferential borehole exist certain unusual stress, but the rock of a well isstable, could not create the casing damage temporarily.
Next step will use the prediction result of a single well shear wave casing damage, the union geologytendency, the static material and other test material, will damage the reason and the trend of development to thenested domain carries on the multi-disciplinary generalized analyses
引文
[1] 徐纶芝．弹性力学仁[M]．北京人民教育出版社，1978．
[2] 房军，赵怀文，岳伯谦等．非均匀地应力作用下套管与水泥环的受力分析[J]，石油大报，1995，19(6)：52-57。
[3] 韩建增，张先普．非均匀载荷作用下套管抗挤强度初探[J]。钻采工艺，2001，24(3)：48-52．
[4] Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Ttubing, Drill Pipe, and Line Pipe Properties. API BULLETIN 50, 6th Edition, 1994.
[5] 杜春常，谢光平，刘崇建．深井套管抗挤强度分析及计算[J]。西南石油学院学报，1999，21(3)：37-40。
[6] 窦益华，樊正祥，郑跃辉等用遗传积分法计算蠕变地层中套管的围压[J]．石油钻采工艺，1996，18(4)：5-7。
[7] 邓金根，黄荣搏．流变地层中套管外载的计算方法[J]．石油钻探技术，1994，22(4)：41-43
[8] 张国仿．盐膏层蠕变粘弹性固体模型及有限元分析[J]．江汉石油科技，2002，12(3)：36-39．
[9] 练章华，赵国珍，张先普等．套管空间受力问题的计算机仿真分析[J]．西南石油学院报，1995，17(3)：101-107．
[10] 王数强，李洪山，吴广海等，国内油气井孔射状况及发展趋势[J]．试采技术，2002，23(4)：26-29．
[11] 向绪金，胡广正，戴恩汉等．射孔对套管强度的影响研究[J]．江汉石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：86-90．
[12] 王旱祥，颜廷杰，李增亮．射孔对套管强度的影响[J]．石油机械，2000，28(5)：42-46．
[13] 尹中民，武强，刘建军等．注水井泄压对套管损坏的数值模拟[J]岩石力学与工程学报，2003，30(1)：595-598．
[14] 刘建军，刘先贵，等．低渗透储层流固祸合渗流规律研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(1)：48-54．
[15] 王泳嘉，邢纪波．离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[J]．岩土力学，1995，16(2)：1-15．
[16] Coetzee M J, etal.FLAG basics.Itasca Consulting Group Inc., 1993．
[17] 邓金根，刘书杰，石得勤等．软泥岩井眼弹塑性变形的拉格朗日元法计算[J]．地质力学学报，1999，5(1)：33-37
[18] 曾义金，杨春和，陈锋等．深井石油套管盐膏层蠕变挤压应力计算研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(4)：595-598．
[19] Yang Chunhe, Daemen JJK, Yin Jian-Hua.Experim entail investigation of creep behavior of salt rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 1999, 36(2):233-242.
[20] Hunsche U. Uniaxial creep and failure test on rock.In Cristecu A ed Experiment Technique and Interpretation, Visco-Plastic Behavior of Geomaterial[M].Verlag: Springier, 1994, 79-86.
[21] 谢荣华，刘继牛，张月秋等．检查套管损坏的电磁探伤测井方法及应用[J]．测井技术，2003，27(3)：242-246．
[22] 王海盐，张群会，张义宽一种新型实在的在线套管检测方法[J]．石油矿场机械，2001，30(2)：30-32．
[23] 蒋奇，王太勇，蒋军．管道腐蚀检测与识别技术的研究[J]电了测量与仪器学报，2003，17(2)：13-16
[24] 黄晶，胭沛文．小波分析在道管缺陷检测中的应用[J]．传感技术学报，2003，第3期：263-266．
[25] 刘积松，淮城油田注水井套管损坏趋势预测[J]断块油气田，1994，1(2)：35-39．
[26] 张效羽，石秉业，赵国珍．模糊识别及预测在役套符的变形损坏[J]．天然气工业，1999，19(2)：72-75．
[27] 赵平溪，李春荣，陆建辉一类非线性系统的建模及其在套管损坏趋势预测中的应用[J]．石油勘探与开发，1997，24(6)：86-89．
[28] Norris A N, Sinha B K, Kostek S.Acoustoelasticity of solid/fluid composite systems [J]. Geophys J.Int., 1994, 118(3): 439-446.
[29] Sinha B K, Kostek S.Stress-induced azimuthal anisotropy in borehole flexural wave [J]. Geophysics, 1996, 61(3): 1899-19071
[30] Winkler K W, Sinha B K, Plona Y J. Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J].Geophysics, 1998, 63(1):11-17.
[31] Plona T J, Kane M R, Sinha B K.Evaluating stress-induced anisotropy and mechanical damage from cross-dipole sonic data using dispersion analysis[J]. SPE 78233, 2002.
[2] 房军，赵怀文，岳伯谦等．非均匀地应力作用下套管与水泥环的受力分析[J]，石油大报，1995，19(6)：52-57。
[3] 韩建增，张先普．非均匀载荷作用下套管抗挤强度初探[J]。钻采工艺，2001，24(3)：48-52．
[4] Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Ttubing, Drill Pipe, and Line Pipe Properties. API BULLETIN 50, 6th Edition, 1994.
[5] 杜春常，谢光平，刘崇建．深井套管抗挤强度分析及计算[J]。西南石油学院学报，1999，21(3)：37-40。
[6] 窦益华，樊正祥，郑跃辉等用遗传积分法计算蠕变地层中套管的围压[J]．石油钻采工艺，1996，18(4)：5-7。
[7] 邓金根，黄荣搏．流变地层中套管外载的计算方法[J]．石油钻探技术，1994，22(4)：41-43
[8] 张国仿．盐膏层蠕变粘弹性固体模型及有限元分析[J]．江汉石油科技，2002，12(3)：36-39．
[9] 练章华，赵国珍，张先普等．套管空间受力问题的计算机仿真分析[J]．西南石油学院报，1995，17(3)：101-107．
[10] 王数强，李洪山，吴广海等，国内油气井孔射状况及发展趋势[J]．试采技术，2002，23(4)：26-29．
[11] 向绪金，胡广正，戴恩汉等．射孔对套管强度的影响研究[J]．江汉石油学院学报，2002，24(2)：86-90．
[12] 王旱祥，颜廷杰，李增亮．射孔对套管强度的影响[J]．石油机械，2000，28(5)：42-46．
[13] 尹中民，武强，刘建军等．注水井泄压对套管损坏的数值模拟[J]岩石力学与工程学报，2003，30(1)：595-598．
[14] 刘建军，刘先贵，等．低渗透储层流固祸合渗流规律研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(1)：48-54．
[15] 王泳嘉，邢纪波．离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[J]．岩土力学，1995，16(2)：1-15．
[16] Coetzee M J, etal.FLAG basics.Itasca Consulting Group Inc., 1993．
[17] 邓金根，刘书杰，石得勤等．软泥岩井眼弹塑性变形的拉格朗日元法计算[J]．地质力学学报，1999，5(1)：33-37
[18] 曾义金，杨春和，陈锋等．深井石油套管盐膏层蠕变挤压应力计算研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2002，21(4)：595-598．
[19] Yang Chunhe, Daemen JJK, Yin Jian-Hua.Experim entail investigation of creep behavior of salt rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science, 1999, 36(2):233-242.
[20] Hunsche U. Uniaxial creep and failure test on rock.In Cristecu A ed Experiment Technique and Interpretation, Visco-Plastic Behavior of Geomaterial[M].Verlag: Springier, 1994, 79-86.
[21] 谢荣华，刘继牛，张月秋等．检查套管损坏的电磁探伤测井方法及应用[J]．测井技术，2003，27(3)：242-246．
[22] 王海盐，张群会，张义宽一种新型实在的在线套管检测方法[J]．石油矿场机械，2001，30(2)：30-32．
[23] 蒋奇，王太勇，蒋军．管道腐蚀检测与识别技术的研究[J]电了测量与仪器学报，2003，17(2)：13-16
[24] 黄晶，胭沛文．小波分析在道管缺陷检测中的应用[J]．传感技术学报，2003，第3期：263-266．
[25] 刘积松，淮城油田注水井套管损坏趋势预测[J]断块油气田，1994，1(2)：35-39．
[26] 张效羽，石秉业，赵国珍．模糊识别及预测在役套符的变形损坏[J]．天然气工业，1999，19(2)：72-75．
[27] 赵平溪，李春荣，陆建辉一类非线性系统的建模及其在套管损坏趋势预测中的应用[J]．石油勘探与开发，1997，24(6)：86-89．
[28] Norris A N, Sinha B K, Kostek S.Acoustoelasticity of solid/fluid composite systems [J]. Geophys J.Int., 1994, 118(3): 439-446.
[29] Sinha B K, Kostek S.Stress-induced azimuthal anisotropy in borehole flexural wave [J]. Geophysics, 1996, 61(3): 1899-19071
[30] Winkler K W, Sinha B K, Plona Y J. Effects of borehole stress concentrations on dipole anisotropy measurements[J].Geophysics, 1998, 63(1):11-17.
[31] Plona T J, Kane M R, Sinha B K.Evaluating stress-induced anisotropy and mechanical damage from cross-dipole sonic data using dispersion analysis[J]. SPE 78233, 2002.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |