城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场设计原理与设计方案研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化水平的不断提高,城市生活垃圾产量日益增加,但是我国城市垃圾无害化处理设施缺乏。到目前为止填埋仍是垃圾处理的主要方式,而且大多数已建成垃圾填埋场不符合建设标准,这就对土壤、河流、地下水、大气等都造成了严重的影响和潜在的危害。由于垃圾体成分复杂,填埋体不稳定,渗滤液、填埋气污染严重,以及由于垃圾填埋造成的工程地质、水文地质及防渗工程问题复杂,因而有必要对垃圾填埋场的防渗、填埋气导排、渗滤液处理等设计原理进行研究,并在此基础上提出合理的工程设计方法。
合理规划和选址是垃圾填埋场建设过程中的第一步,也是最为关键的一步,本文通过经济、技术分析,并考虑安全及环保因素,提出垃圾填埋场选址的基本标准。
填埋场防渗是填埋场设计中的一项主要内容,包括顶部、底部和侧部防渗。本文结合工程实践,提出在工程设计中,结合当地水文地质和工程地质条件,选择合理的防渗措施是防渗设计的关键,将土工膜与低渗透性的土层组成复合防渗衬垫比采用单一材料的防渗层具有明显的优越性；并分析了帷幕灌浆技术在老垃圾填埋场防渗治理中的作用。
垃圾填埋气是一种清洁能源,合理的收集利用垃圾填埋气不但减少环境污染,还可产生很好经济效益；在垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度废水,通过对垃圾渗滤液的特性及其变化规律进行分析,提出合理的渗滤液处理工艺和防渗措施。提出进行渗滤液回灌处理对消减和净化渗滤液、延长渗滤液处理系统的适用年限以及提高垃圾填埋场的安全性都有很好效果。
通过对榆林地区气候、工程地质等条件的分析,提出榆林市经济开发区垃圾填埋场设计方案。
With the fast development of our country's economy and the unceasing enhancement of the urbanized level, the domestic waste increases day by day, but we lack of domestic waste disposal facilities. So far the landfill is still the main form of waste disposal, and most landfills that have been completed do not meet the construction standards, which cause the serious impact and potential harm on the soil, rivers, groundwater, air and so on. Because of the complexity of the composition, the instability of the landfill and the serious pollution of landfill and gas,and caused as a result of landfill engineering geology, hydrogeology and impermeable complex engineering problems, thus it is necessary for the anti-landfill infiltration, landfill gas derivative row, leachate treatment, such as study design principles and on the basis of reasonable methods of engineering design.
Rational planning and landfill site is the first step in the construction process, and also the most crucial step, the article through the analysis of economic and technical, considering the safety and environmental factors, gives the landfill site selection standards.
The anti-seepage of landfill design is a key element, including at the top, bottom and lateral seepage. In this paper, based on the engineering practice, combined with the local hydro-geological and engineering geological conditions, a reasonable choice is the anti-design, and low permeability geomembrane layer of impermeable liner over the composition of complex a single layer of impermeable material has obvious advantages; and curtain grouting technology in the old landfill in the role of anti-seepage treatment.
Landfill gas is a clean energy and rational collect and use of landfill gas will not only reduce environmental pollution, but also produce good economic results; Landfill leachate is a complex high-strength wastewater. Through the analysis of the characteristic and the change of landfill leachate, gives the reasonable and impermeable leachate treatment process.Leachate recirculation is good to depurate the landfill leachate,prolong the useful life of the langfills and improve the safety of the landfills.
By the analysis to the conditions of Yu Lin City such as climate, engineering geology, giving a design plan of the landfill of economic development zone in Yu Lin City.
合理规划和选址是垃圾填埋场建设过程中的第一步,也是最为关键的一步,本文通过经济、技术分析,并考虑安全及环保因素,提出垃圾填埋场选址的基本标准。
填埋场防渗是填埋场设计中的一项主要内容,包括顶部、底部和侧部防渗。本文结合工程实践,提出在工程设计中,结合当地水文地质和工程地质条件,选择合理的防渗措施是防渗设计的关键,将土工膜与低渗透性的土层组成复合防渗衬垫比采用单一材料的防渗层具有明显的优越性；并分析了帷幕灌浆技术在老垃圾填埋场防渗治理中的作用。
垃圾填埋气是一种清洁能源,合理的收集利用垃圾填埋气不但减少环境污染,还可产生很好经济效益；在垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度废水,通过对垃圾渗滤液的特性及其变化规律进行分析,提出合理的渗滤液处理工艺和防渗措施。提出进行渗滤液回灌处理对消减和净化渗滤液、延长渗滤液处理系统的适用年限以及提高垃圾填埋场的安全性都有很好效果。
通过对榆林地区气候、工程地质等条件的分析,提出榆林市经济开发区垃圾填埋场设计方案。
With the fast development of our country's economy and the unceasing enhancement of the urbanized level, the domestic waste increases day by day, but we lack of domestic waste disposal facilities. So far the landfill is still the main form of waste disposal, and most landfills that have been completed do not meet the construction standards, which cause the serious impact and potential harm on the soil, rivers, groundwater, air and so on. Because of the complexity of the composition, the instability of the landfill and the serious pollution of landfill and gas,and caused as a result of landfill engineering geology, hydrogeology and impermeable complex engineering problems, thus it is necessary for the anti-landfill infiltration, landfill gas derivative row, leachate treatment, such as study design principles and on the basis of reasonable methods of engineering design.
Rational planning and landfill site is the first step in the construction process, and also the most crucial step, the article through the analysis of economic and technical, considering the safety and environmental factors, gives the landfill site selection standards.
The anti-seepage of landfill design is a key element, including at the top, bottom and lateral seepage. In this paper, based on the engineering practice, combined with the local hydro-geological and engineering geological conditions, a reasonable choice is the anti-design, and low permeability geomembrane layer of impermeable liner over the composition of complex a single layer of impermeable material has obvious advantages; and curtain grouting technology in the old landfill in the role of anti-seepage treatment.
Landfill gas is a clean energy and rational collect and use of landfill gas will not only reduce environmental pollution, but also produce good economic results; Landfill leachate is a complex high-strength wastewater. Through the analysis of the characteristic and the change of landfill leachate, gives the reasonable and impermeable leachate treatment process.Leachate recirculation is good to depurate the landfill leachate,prolong the useful life of the langfills and improve the safety of the landfills.
By the analysis to the conditions of Yu Lin City such as climate, engineering geology, giving a design plan of the landfill of economic development zone in Yu Lin City.
引文
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[7]李晶.国内外城市生活垃圾处理的分析与比较.首都师范大学学报.2004.25(3).7
[8]肖前斌,王海宁.城市垃圾填埋的问题及对策.科技情报开发与经.2007.27(17)
[9]陈振雄,李景达,邓小利,张鸿郭等.城市生活垃圾填埋场防渗研究进展.广东化工.2007.74(7)
[10]陈其东.翠屏山垃圾填埋场存在的问题及处理.2002,15(4)
[11]邹莲花等.21世纪城市生活垃圾生态化处理展望.城市环境与城市生态.Vol.14.No.3.Jun.2001
[12]GB16889-2008.生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准.
[13]冯亚斌,陈全.对我国垃圾填埋场存在若干问题的调查研究.环境卫生工程.2003,9(1)
[14]杨良斌,李丽,刘玉强等.各国生活垃圾填埋场防渗结构标准研究.环境工程.2007,25(4)
[15]K.Westlake.SUSIAINABLE LANDFILL-POSSIBILITY OR PIPE-DREAM? Wease Management&Research(1997) 15,453-461
[16]S.Cheng,C.W.Chan, GH.Huang.An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis and inexact integer linear programming approach for solid waste management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 16 (2003)543—554
[17]赵由才,朱青山.城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场技术与管理手册.北京：化学工业出版社,1999.9
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[20]钱学德,郭志平,美国的现代卫生填埋工程,水利水电科技进展,No.5.
[21]K.Badu-twveneboah, J.P.Giroud, D.S.Carlson,and C.R.Schmernnann.(1998)." Evaluation of the Effectiveness of HEPE Geomembrane liner protection." Sixth international conference on ceosynthetics conference proceedings, Atlanta, Georgia USA:279-284
[22]Krishna r.reddy, and Richard E.SSsichek(1989). "A.Rationan Design for the protection of landfill Geomembrane liner." Sixth international conference on Geosynthetics conference proceedings, hants,ceorgia USA:289-294
[23]Shigeyoshi IMIZUMI, Telsuya NOMOTO,Masayuki TSUBOI, and Yukimitsu Yokoyama.(1998). "Essect of Geotextile on dispersion of tensile stress crerting within a geomembrane subjected to deformation by differential settlement." Sixth international conference on geosynthetics conference peoceedings,Atlanta,ceorgia USA:295-298
[24]中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准.生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程技术规范
[25]齐长青.简易垃圾填埋场封场治理方案的研究.环境卫生工程.2008,16(3)
[26]徐则民,杨立中,刘丹.城市固体废物(MSW)填埋单元中单元覆盖层防渗研究进展.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,3(14)
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